المؤلفون: Xiaokang Lyu, Yang Liu, Na Li, Liban Ku, Yuting Hou, Xiaoxia Wen

المصدر: Crop Journal, Vol 10, Iss 4, Pp 1165-1177 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nitrogen remobilization, Source-Sink, Gluten protein, Grain filling, Quality formation, Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Foliar nitrogen (N) application is an effective strategy to improve protein content and quality in wheat kernels, but the specific effects of N forms remain unclear. In a two-year field study, foliar application of various N forms (NO3-, urea, NH4+) at anthesis was performed to measure their effects on wheat grain protein accumulation, quality formation, and the underlying mechanisms. Foliar application of three N forms showed varying effects in improving grain gluten proteins and quality traits. Under NH4+ application, there was more post-anthesis N uptake for grain filling, with relatively strong increase in enzyme activities and gene expression associated with N metabolism in flag leaves at 8–20 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas its promotion of grain N metabolism became weaker after 20 DAA than those under NO3- and urea treatments. More N was remobilized from source organs to grain under treatment with foliar NO3- and urea. Genes controlling the synthesis of gluten protein and disulfide bonds were upregulated by NO3- and urea at 20–28 DAA, contributing to increased grain protein content and quality. Overall, foliar applications of NO3- and urea were more effective than those of NH4+ in increasing grain N filling. These findings show that manipulating the source–sink relationship by reinforcing grain N metabolism and N remobilization is critical for optimizing grain protein accumulation and quality formation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514121002208Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2214-5141Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/96481fde567048eb99741243ff7290dbTest

المؤلفون: Zhengrong Jiang, Qiuli Chen, Lin Chen, Dun Liu, Hongyi Yang, Congshan Xu, Jinzhi Hong, Jiaqi Li, Yanfeng Ding, Soulaiman Sakr, Zhenghui Liu, Yu Jiang, Ganghua Li

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 23; Issue 9; Pages: 4864

مصطلحات موضوعية: rice, sink strength, grain filling, non-structural carbohydrates, remobilization, sugar

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: The remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in the stem is essential for rice grain filling so as to improve grain yield. We conducted a two-year field experiment to deeply investigate their relationship. Two large-panicle rice varieties with similar spikelet size, CJ03 and W1844, were used to conduct two treatments (removing-spikelet group and control group). Compared to CJ03, W1844 had higher 1000-grain weight, especially for the grain growth of inferior spikelets (IS) after removing the spikelet. These results were mainly ascribed to the stronger sink strength of W1844 than that of CJ03 contrasting in the same group. The remobilization efficiency of NSC in the stem decreased significantly after removing the spikelet for both CJ03 and W1844, and the level of sugar signaling in the T6P-SnRK1 pathway was also significantly changed. However, W1844 outperformed CJ03 in terms of the efficiency of carbon reserve remobilization under the same treatments. More precisely, there was a significant difference during the early grain-filling stage in terms of the conversion of sucrose and starch. Interestingly, the sugar signaling of the T6P and SnRK1 pathways also represented an obvious change. Hence, sugar signaling may be promoted by sink strength to remobilize the NSCs of the rice stem during grain filling to further advance crop yield.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Molecular Plant Sciences; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094864Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094864Test

المؤلفون: Joseph P Gweyi-Onyango, Winnie Ntinyari, Andrew OgollaEgesa, Richard Mose, Symon Njinju, Mekonnen Giweta, Cargele Masso

المصدر: Environmental Research Letters, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 075003 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: grain filling, temperature, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, N-mining, N uptake and remobilization, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: Apart from nitrogen (N) rates, N use efficiency (NUE) (yield N/total input N) is affected by seasons, crop developmental stages, and varieties. Knowledge of how these factors affect NUE in rice production in Kenya is limited. Therefore, field experiments were conducted with ‘low rates’ of N (simulating farmers’ practices) of 0, 26, 52 and 78 kg N ha ^−1 with five varieties (MWUR1, MWUR4, IRAT109, NERICA4 and NERICA10) and higher rates of N (125, 175, and 225 kg N ha ^−1 ) simulating researchers’ doses with two lowland varieties (Basmati 370 and BW 196) and IR 72. Another experiment on NUE responses to sites, N rates and dose (split or full dose) was undertaken with the IR97 variety. With the ‘low rate’, yields increased with incremental N rates up to 52 Kg N ha ^−1 and declined (during cold periods, for some varieties). In this scenario, the N agronomic efficiencies (AE _N ) declined with increasing N but depended on sites and seasons. However, most AE _N values were above 100, implying nutrient mining. In most cases (except at the Mwea site), the N utilization efficiency (NUtE) ranged from 16 to 22kg kg ^−1 and were not significantly affected by sources and methods of N application. In all cases, an increase in N elicited declining trends in NUtE. Moreover, N uptake efficiency ranged between 22 and 90kg kg ^− ^1 without significant variation among varieties. For the ‘high N rates’, high biomass yield resulted in higher grain yields in BW 196 and IR 72 but yield declined beyond 75 kg ha ^−1 N rates due to poor grain filling, particularly when a cold period coincided with booting and grain filling. We conclude that N rates, doses and rice varieties are key determinants of AE _N and NUtE in contrasting rice growing seasons in Kenya. Cropping seasons and rice varieties are therefore potential key determinants of sustainable rice productivity and improved NUE in rice-based systems in the studied regions of Kenya.

العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac03ddTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326Test; https://doaj.org/article/a7df1427b48a403badfbbc1aff325d4fTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac03ddTest
https://doaj.org/article/a7df1427b48a403badfbbc1aff325d4fTest

المؤلفون: Hirel, Bertrand, Gallais, André

المصدر: The New Phytologist, 2006 Jan 01. 169(3), 445-448.

الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3694684Test

المؤلفون: Yang, Jianchang, Zhang, Jianhua

المصدر: The New Phytologist, 2006 Jan 01. 169(2), 223-236.

الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3694603Test

المؤلفون: Sarah Al-Sheikh Ahmed, Jingjuan Zhang, Hussein Farhan, Yingquan Zhang, Zitong Yu, Shahidul Islam, Jiansheng Chen, Sanda Cricelli, Andrew Foreman, Wim Van den Ende, Wujun Ma, Bernard Dell

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 21; Issue 21; Pages: 8276

مصطلحات موضوعية: diurnal pattern, gene expression, grain filling, sucrose transporter (SUT), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) remobilization, wheat

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: In plant tissues, sugar levels are determined by the balance between sugar import, export, and sugar synthesis. So far, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) dynamics have not been investigated in a diurnal context in wheat stems as compared to the dynamics in flag leaves during the terminal phases of grain filling. Here, we filled this research gap and tested the hypothesis that WSC dynamics interlink with gene expression of TaSUT1. The main stems and flag leaves of two genotypes, Westonia and Kauz, were sampled at four hourly intervals over a 24 h period at six developmental stages from heading to 28 DAA (days after anthesis). The total levels of WSC and WSC components were measured, and TaSUT1 gene expression was quantified at 21 DAA. On average, the total WSC and fructan levels in the stems were double those in the flag leaves. In both cultivars, diurnal patterns in the total WSC and sucrose were detected in leaves across all developmental stages, but not for the fructans 6-kestose and bifurcose. However, in stems, diurnal patterns of the total WSC and fructan were only found at anthesis in Kauz. The different levels of WSC and WSC components between Westonia and Kauz are likely associated with leaf chlorophyll levels and fructan degradation, especially 6-kestose degradation. High correlation between levels of TaSUT1 expression and sucrose in leaves indicated that TaSUT1 expression is likely to be influenced by the level of sucrose in leaves, and the combination of high levels of TaSUT1 expression and sucrose in Kauz may contribute to its high grain yield under well-watered conditions.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Molecular Plant Sciences; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218276Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218276Test

المصدر: New Phytologist, 2015 Jan 01. 205(1), 293-305.

الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/newphytologist.205.1.293Test

المؤلفون: Etienne, Philippe, Diquelou, Sylvain, Prudent, Marion, Salon, Christophe, Maillard, Anne, Ourry, Alain, A.

المساهمون: Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)

المصدر: ISSN: 2077-0472 ; Agriculture ; https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-02183699Test ; Agriculture, 2018, 8 (1), pp.14. ⟨10.3390/agriculture8010014⟩.

مصطلحات موضوعية: grain filling, nutrient remobilization, abiotic stress, senescence, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology

الوصف: EA GEAPSI INRA ; International audience ; Human mineral malnutrition or hidden hunger is considered a global challenge, affecting a large proportion of the world's population. The reduction in the mineral content of edible plant products is frequently found in cultivars bred for higher yields, and is probably increased by intensive agricultural practices. The filling of grain with macro and micronutrients is partly the result of a direct allocation from root uptake and remobilization from vegetative tissues. The aim of this bibliographic review is to focus on recent knowledge obtained from ionomic analysis of plant tissues in order to build a global appraisal of the potential remobilization of all macro and micronutrients, and especially those from leaves. Nitrogen is always remobilized from leaves of all plant species, although with different efficiencies, while nutrients such as K, S, P, Mg, Cu, Mo, Fe and Zn can be mobilized to a certain extent when plants are facing deficiencies. On the opposite, there is few evidence for leaf mobilization of Ca, Mn, Ni and B. Mechanisms related to the remobilization process (remobilization of mineral forms from vacuolar and organic compounds associated with senescence, respectively) are also discussed in the context of drought, an abiotic stress that is thought to increase and known to modulate the ionic composition of grain in crops.

العلاقة: hal-02183699; https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-02183699Test; https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-02183699/documentTest; https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-02183699/file/ETIENNE%202018-33_1.pdfTest; PRODINRA: 426749; WOS: 000424095400014

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8010014Test
https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-02183699Test
https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-02183699/documentTest
https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-02183699/file/ETIENNE%202018-33_1.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Philippe Etienne, Sylvain Diquelou, Marion Prudent, Christophe Salon, Anne Maillard, Alain Ourry

المصدر: Agriculture; Volume 8; Issue 1; Pages: 14

مصطلحات موضوعية: grain filling, nutrient remobilization, senescence, abiotic stress

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Human mineral malnutrition or hidden hunger is considered a global challenge, affecting a large proportion of the world’s population. The reduction in the mineral content of edible plant products is frequently found in cultivars bred for higher yields, and is probably increased by intensive agricultural practices. The filling of grain with macro and micronutrients is partly the result of a direct allocation from root uptake and remobilization from vegetative tissues. The aim of this bibliographic review is to focus on recent knowledge obtained from ionomic analysis of plant tissues in order to build a global appraisal of the potential remobilization of all macro and micronutrients, and especially those from leaves. Nitrogen is always remobilized from leaves of all plant species, although with different efficiencies, while nutrients such as K, S, P, Mg, Cu, Mo, Fe and Zn can be mobilized to a certain extent when plants are facing deficiencies. On the opposite, there is few evidence for leaf mobilization of Ca, Mn, Ni and B. Mechanisms related to the remobilization process (remobilization of mineral forms from vacuolar and organic compounds associated with senescence, respectively) are also discussed in the context of drought, an abiotic stress that is thought to increase and known to modulate the ionic composition of grain in crops.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8010014Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8010014Test

المؤلفون: Jiang, Zhengrong, Chen, Qiuli, Chen, Lin, Liu, Dun, Yang, Hongyi, Xu, Congshan, Hong, Jinzhi, Li, Jiaqi, Ding, Yanfeng, Sakr, Soulaiman, Liu, Zhenghui, Jiang, Yu, Li, Ganghua

المساهمون: Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), Beihang University (BUAA), Precision Manufacturing Centre, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) : 31871573, Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund : CX (18) 1002, Provincial key R & D plan, Modern Agriculture : BE2021361.

المصدر: ISSN: 1661-6596.

مصطلحات موضوعية: rice, sink strength, grain filling, non-structural carbohydrates, remobilization, sugar, Jiang, Chen, Liu, Yang, Xu, Hong, Li, Ding, Sakr, et al. Sink rice, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding

الوصف: International audience ; The remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in the stem is essential for rice grain filling so as to improve grain yield. We conducted a two-year field experiment to deeply investigate their relationship. Two large-panicle rice varieties with similar spikelet size, CJ03 and W1844, were used to conduct two treatments (removing-spikelet group and control group). Compared to CJ03, W1844 had higher 1000-grain weight, especially for the grain growth of inferior spikelets (IS) after removing the spikelet. These results were mainly ascribed to the stronger sink strength of W1844 than that of CJ03 contrasting in the same group. The remobilization efficiency of NSC in the stem decreased significantly after removing the spikelet for both CJ03 and W1844, and the level of sugar signaling in the T6P-SnRK1 pathway was also significantly changed. However, W1844 outperformed CJ03 in terms of the efficiency of carbon reserve remobilization under the same treatments. More precisely, there was a significant difference during the early grain-filling stage in terms of the conversion of sucrose and starch. Interestingly, the sugar signaling of the T6P and SnRK1 pathways also represented an obvious change. Hence, sugar signaling may be promoted by sink strength to remobilize the NSCs of the rice stem during grain filling to further advance crop yield.

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/35563255; hal-03687806; https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03687806Test; PUBMED: 35563255; WOS: 000794813200001

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094864Test
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03687806Test