التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:
Effects of group density, hunting, and temperature on the singing patterns of eastern hoolock gibbons (Hoolock leuconedys) in Gaoligongshan, Southwest China
المؤلفون:
Liang-Wei Cui , Jia-Hua Li , Peng-Fei Fan , Gui-Shou Chen , Long-Yun Yin , Han-Lan Fei
المصدر:
American Journal of Primatology . 78:861-871
بيانات النشر:
Wiley, 2016.
سنة النشر:
2016
مصطلحات موضوعية:
0106 biological sciences , education.field_of_study , Study groups , Ecology , 05 social sciences , Foraging , Population , Endangered species , Zoology , 010603 evolutionary biology , 01 natural sciences , Geography , Habitat , Low density , 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences , Animal Science and Zoology , 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology , Singing , education , Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics , Morning
الوصف:
Many non-human primates produce species-specific loud calls to communicate within and between groups over long distances. Understanding these calling patterns can provide insights into how individuals modify their behavior in response to environmental variables as well as help to design efficient bioacoustic survey techniques. Eastern hoolock gibbons in Gaoligongshan inhabit the coldest habitat of all gibbon populations, but both conservation and research efforts on this population have been minimal. We studied singing patterns of two habituated and two unhabituated groups at two sites in Gaoligongshan between July 2010 and June 2015. We systematically collected data of their calls, and its relationship to temperature, group density, and hunting pressure over at least 1 year for each group. Our goal was to elucidate how these factors affect singing patterns of eastern hoolock gibbons. We found that adult pairs coordinated their singing to produce duet bouts that lasted for an average of 25.5 min. The singing rate (number of bouts/number on monitoring days*100%: 7.5-31.4%) was notably lower than other gibbon populations, presumably due to low group density (about 0.5 groups/km(2) ) and prevalence of hunting at the study site. Cold temperature also affected gibbons' singing behavior. Our study groups called, on average, 2.5 hr after sunrise, probably foraging first in the early morning after long nights in this cold habitat delayed singing. Furthermore, mean temperatures in the morning (8:00-12:00 am) were higher on singing days than on non-singing days, and one group called less frequently when monthly mean temperature was below 10°C. Our findings indicate that both hunting pressure from humans and low temperatures suppress calling behavior in hoolock gibbons. Such information is critical in evaluating the use of duetting as a monitoring technique for this endangered gibbon species. Am. J. Primatol. 78:861-871, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
تدمد:
0275-2565
الوصول الحر:
https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::caff5d2398d7ff1278517e3a62943ff2Test https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22553Test
حقوق:
CLOSED
رقم الانضمام:
edsair.doi...........caff5d2398d7ff1278517e3a62943ff2
قاعدة البيانات:
OpenAIRE
