المؤلفون: Kimia Mirjalali, Sarah Seyedyousefi

المصدر: Clinical Case Reports, Vol 12, Iss 6, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: anal protrusion, bowel perforation, hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, ventriculoperitoneal shunts, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Key Clinical Message This report emphasizes the significance of acknowledging infrequent yet severe complications such as bowel perforation and transanal protrusion post ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery. VPS patients should be observed for atypical indicators and manifestations that could suggest the presence of such complications, even in the lack of traditional clinical signs of peritonitis or bowel perforation. Abstract Placing an intracranial shunt, may be a reasonable approach to decrease the complications of hydrocephalus and it can be done either simultaneous to cranioplasty or not. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts were first proposed in 1905 and has been used since. Similar to any other procedure, there are different complications to this surgery. Abdominal complications, including peritoneal pseudocysts, intestinal volvulus, protruding in hernial sac or extrusion through vagina, scrotum, umbilicus or gastrointestinal tract, are rare but according to previous studies happen in 5%–47% of cases. Bowel perforation is a rare complication and can happen in 0.01%–0.07% of patients. It's also worth mentioning that only 25% of patients with bowel perforation experience the classic clinical symptoms of peritonitis or bowel perforation. This particular complication should not be overlooked since it can cause a high mortality rate of 15%. Here we present a case of transanal protrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt after an asymptomatic bowel perforation, in an adult who has undergone surgery after a traumatic brain injury. The patient has undergone surgery and lastly the shunt was manually removed from anus. He was monitored for 3 days and eventually discharged.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-0904Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/e72b4b6093914cbb87de1d3e2ae9afe5Test

المؤلفون: Shahroze Ahmed, Digbijay Kunwar, Muhammad Hamza Khan, Anum Akbar, Asra Yasin, Abdul Sattar Anjum

المصدر: Clinical Case Reports, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: arteriovenous malformations, CAMS, cerebral infarct, hydrocephalus, seizures, VP shunt, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Key Clinical Message Cerebrofacial arteriovenous Metameric syndrome (CAMS) typically manifests as types I, II, or III, occasionally presenting as dual types. Our unique case underscores the coexistence of all three CAMS types in one patient. Furthermore, the concurrent acute cerebellar infarct underscores the need to consider CAMS in the differential diagnosis of adolescents experiencing neurological events.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-0904Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d24126f0efba43459ef53223d595b8d6Test

المؤلفون: Ali Mulhem, Abdul Masih Alsulaiman, Stefanie Hammersen, Sven Kantelhardt

المصدر: Clinical Case Reports, Vol 11, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: endoscopic third ventriculostomy, fourth ventricle outlet obstruction, hydrocephalus, systematic review, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Key Clinical Message Fourth ventricle outlet obstruction (FVOO) is a rare cause of hydrocephalus. In the last century, the standard treatment was the suboccipital craniotomy with magendieplasty or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt). Since the beginning of the 21st century, the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been considered a less invasive alternative. The medical literature lacks sufficient reports of FVOO cases and strong evidence about ETV's efficacy in treating this condition. We report two cases of FVOO treated with ETV and review published similar cases. Clinical and radiological findings of two FVOO cases with outcomes after ETV were presented. Moreover, we conducted a systematic review after protocol registration in PROSPERO (CRD42021281474). MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception till December 31, 2022. Studies were included if they reported cases of FVOO treated initially with ETV. Cases with Chiari malformation, Dandy‐Walker malformation, tuberous sclerosis, trapped fourth ventricle, or space‐occupying lesions were excluded. Two reviewers independently examined title/abstract records in the first stage and full‐text publications in the second for eligibility. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate, defined by the need for re‐ETV or other invasive treatments (e.g., VP shunt or magendieplasty). Other outcomes included clinical state at follow‐up and mortality. Two cases, a 3‐year‐old male and 3.5‐year‐old female, with FVOO, were treated with ETV in our department by the same neurosurgeon (SH) in 2013 and 2021. Both cases improved significantly after ETV, and there was no recurrence through the follow‐up. Besides the present cases, we found 57 other cases of FVOO treated with ETV reported in 17 studies between 2001 and 2021. The median age was 26 years, with an IQR from 2.4 to 59 years, and 56% of cases were females. The recurrence rate was 32% in the sample (19 out of 59), with a 95% CI from 21% to 46%. The median time to recure was 2 months with IQR from 1.25 to 26. A VP shunt was the treatment for recurrence in 68% and a re‐ETV in 32%. At the follow‐up (41 ± 29 months), only one case died, and one deteriorated clinically. FVOO is a rare cause of hydrocephalus encountered mainly in the first or sixth decades of life. ETV provides the first reasonable treatment. Despite the moderate recurrence rate, the outcomes are favorable.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-0904Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/eb156021fcf44d1b9ea538f32a3093b7Test

المؤلفون: Burhan Kantawala, Maha Khattab, Shaima O. Elawad, Mohamad Assker, Batoul Cherri, Abubakar Nazir, Magda Wojtara, Olivier Uwishema

المصدر: Health Science Reports, Vol 6, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Africa, congenital, hydrocephalus, intracranial pressure, traumatic injury, Medicine

الوصف: Abstract Hydrocephalus occurs when the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the cerebral ventricles. This is due to either obstruction in the CSF flow, decreasing its absorption by the arachnoid villus to the Dural venous sinuses, or increasing production of the CSF. The most disproportionately and severely affected by the disease consequences are African children. This is because of the high incidence of postinfectious hydrocephalus and spinal dysraphism compared with other world children. The health care system in Africa has access to 488 neurosurgeons which represents less than 1% of the global neurosurgeons, thus pediatric hydrocephalus is considered an emerging public health problem in Africa because of the difficulty of the patient's access to proper care. Numerous studies conducted in Africa have revealed a significant imbalance in the distribution of neurosurgical resources across the continent. Specifically, South Africa and North Africa collectively account for 86% of the total practicing neurosurgeons, indicating a pronounced concentration of these specialized medical professionals in these regions. Having an abundance of case studies regarding hydrocephalus is vital to increase our awareness and understanding. Hydrocephalus should gain more priority by current policymakers as an important health concern. This may be achieved by proper resource allocation to ensure better quality means of diagnosis, intervention, and rehabilitation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2398-8835Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9990b2fcd2a04db591e5741c4428d2cfTest

المؤلفون: Vivek Sanker, Mrinmoy Kundu, Sarah El Kassem, Ahmad El Nouiri, Mohamed Emara, Zeina Al Maaz, Abubakar Nazir, Bezawit Kassahun Bekele, Olivier Uwishema

المصدر: Health Science Reports, Vol 6, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: animal model, cerebrospinal fluid, posttraumatic hydrocephalus, stem cell therapy, traumatic brain injury, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Medicine

الوصف: Abstract Background Hydrocephalus or ventriculomegaly is a condition brought on by an overabundance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricular system. The major contributor to posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), especially in individuals with occupations set in industrial settings. A variety of criteria have been employed for the diagnosis of PTH, including the combination of neurological symptoms like nerve deficits and headache, as well as an initial improvement followed by a worsened relapse of altered consciousness and neurological deterioration, which is detected by computed tomography‐brain imaging that reveals gradual ventriculomegaly. Aim In this article, we discuss and summarize briefly the current understandings and advancements in the management of PTH. Methods The available literature for this review was searched on various bibliographic databases using an individually verified, prespecified approach. The level of evidence of the included studies was considered as per the Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine recommendations. Results The commonly practiced current treatment modality involves shunting CSF but is often associated with complications and recurrence. The lack of a definitive management strategy for PTH warrants the utilization of novel and innovative modalities such as stem cell transplantations and antioxidative stress therapies. Conclusion One of the worst complications of a TBI is PTH, which has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Even though there hasn't been a successful method in stopping PTH from happening, hemorrhage‐derived blood, and its metabolic by‐products, like iron, hemoglobin, free radicals, thrombin, and red blood cells, may be potential targets for PTH hindrance and management. Also, using stem cell transplantations in animal models and antioxidative stress therapies in future studies can lower PTH occurrence and improve its outcome. Moreover, the integration of clinical trials and theoretical knowledge should be encouraged in future research projects to establish effective and updated management guidelines for PTH.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2398-8835Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/49a0557e4ffc473d98c3aeeb41b861feTest

المؤلفون: Nishan Shrestha, Naveen Gautam, Merina Shrestha

المصدر: Clinical Case Reports, Vol 11, Iss 9, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: abdominal pseudocyst, congenital hydrocephalus, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, ventriculopleural shunt, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Key Clinical Message Abdominal pseudocyst is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement. Ventriculopleural shunt (VPL) can be an effective treatment option for the recurrent complications of VP shunt failure. Abstract Abdominal pseudocyst (APC) is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement for the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus. This case report presents a two‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old male child who underwent VP shunt placement for aqueductal stenosis‐related hydrocephalus. The patient subsequently developed recurrent shunt failure and an APC, which was managed initially by surgical excision of the cyst and repositioning of the catheter. However, shunt failure recurred. The patient underwent ventriculopleural (VPL) shunt conversion as a more viable option for recurrent blockage. Postoperatively, the patient developed respiratory distress with massive pleural effusion, which was treated with chest tube insertion. This case highlights the complexity of managing congenital hydrocephalus and its rare complication, APC. Prompt recognition and appropriate management of APC can lead to improved outcomes and minimize the need for invasive procedures. VPL shunt conversion can be considered an alternative treatment option when other treatments have failed. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for the management of APC and determine the long‐term effectiveness of VPL shunting.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-0904Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/63bc3cf47b92418b871c28c54560f0e1Test

المؤلفون: Ahtesham Khizar, Soha Zahid, Pradhumna Kumar Yadav

المصدر: Clinical Case Reports, Vol 11, Iss 9, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: cerebrospinal fluid, hydrocephalus, ventriculostomy, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Abstract A 1‐year‐old girl presented with an overly enlarged head for 5 months. Negligence of parents regarding treatment for this enlarged head is concerning. Early treatment can avoid a lot of complications. Hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis was diagnosed after a thorough history, examination, and investigations. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-0904Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/c6126d74395a443ea8524684fbd67123Test

المؤلفون: Piero Pavone, Federica Saia, Xena Pappalardo, Massimo Barbagallo, Adriana Prato, Renata Rizzo

المصدر: Clinical Case Reports, Vol 10, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Chiari malformation type 1, developmental delay, hydrocephalus, SON gene, Zhu‐Tokita‐Tachenouchi‐Kim syndrome (ZTTK), Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Abstract Zhu‐Tokita‐Tachenouchi‐Kim syndrome (ZTTK) is a recently recognized malformation syndrome presenting with craniofacial dysmorphism, developmental delay/intellectual disability, seizures, anomalies involving brain white matter, and other body‐organs. In humans, the disorder is linked to the loss‐of‐function variants in the SON gene (MIM# 617140). Herewith, a new case of this syndrome is reported in a 2‐year‐old Caucasian child who presented the classical clinical features of the ZTTK syndrome in association with hydrocephalus and Chiari malformations type 1 an anomaly previously unreported. Exome analysis showed a de novo heterozygous variant in SON gene. Literature review of similar cases is reported.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-0904Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/749d71e2659e4e26b93a85d8fac7d1cfTest

المؤلفون: Nasam Alfraji, Steven Douedi, Mohammad A. Hossain

المصدر: Clinical Case Reports, Vol 8, Iss 10, Pp 1890-1894 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: autoimmune, hydrocephalus, myelopathy, neurosarcoidosis, sarcoidosis, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Abstract Neurological involvement is a rare presentation of sarcoidosis. Physicians should consider sarcoid as a cause of myelitis and hydrocephalus as early management with steroid improves patient survival and reduces long‐term disability.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-0904Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/59612f285e7b44008a28d724f5669975Test

المؤلفون: Parvaneh Karimzadeh, Yalda Nilipour, Mitra Khalili, Ali Nikkhah, Mehdi Taghavijelodar, Ehsan Moradi

المصدر: Clinical Case Reports, Vol 9, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: brain tumor, children, Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT), hydrocephalus, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Abstract A 10‐year‐old boy who was referred due to acute hydrocephalus symptoms was diagnosed as the first case of pediatric DLGNT in Iran. The results suggested that using shunting for hydrocephaly and anti‐seizure medicines, as well as chemotherapeutic agents, can be an effective treatment strategy for DLGNT. Although the patient was stable without a tumor recurrence for a limited follow‐up period of 22 months, further studies are expected.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-0904Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/be344f7664d54ca3a388d01a8ffbe714Test