المؤلفون: Jacqueline de Marchena, Patricia Jensen, Nicholas W. Plummer

المصدر: genesis. 54:447-454

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Genetics, FLP-FRT recombination, Cell Biology, Biology, urologic and male genital diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Fate mapping, Gene knockin, Complementary DNA, Recombinase, Coding region, Allele, Transcription factor, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery

الوصف: Engrailed 1 (En1) is a homeobox-containing transcription factor expressed during development in diverse tissues, including the embryonic midbrain and anterior hindbrain. To facilitate investigation of genetic and developmental heterogeneity among cells with a history of En1 expression, we have generated En1(Dre) , a knock-in allele expressing Dre recombinase. En1(Dre) can be used with existing Cre and Flp recombinase lines for genetic intersectional labeling, fate mapping, and functional manipulation of subpopulations of cells characterized by transient expression of En1. To avoid disrupting En1 function, the Dre cDNA is inserted at the 3' end of the En1 coding sequence, together with a viral 2A peptide to mediate translation of separate EN1 and Dre proteins. Consequently, viable and fertile En1(Dre) homozygotes can be used to increase the proportion of useful genotypes produced in complex crosses. The pattern of Dre expression from En1(Dre) is indistinguishable from wild-type En1 expression in mid-gestation mouse embryos, and En1(Dre) controls Dre-responsive indicator alleles by efficiently recombining rox sites in vivo. Through the application of genetic tools that allow manipulation of cells based on combinatorial expression of multiple distinct recombinases, En1(Dre) will significantly extend the ability to target important subpopulations of neurons and other cells within the broader En1 expression domain. genesis 54:447-454, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::9e10760c1b222d1bcd943076d6a97582Test
https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.22954Test

المؤلفون: Mohammed Bakkali, Mercedes Ruiz-Estévez, Francisco Perfectti, Juan Pedro M. Camacho, Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano, María Dolores López-León, Josefa Cabrero

المصدر: Insect Molecular Biology. 24:319-330

مصطلحات موضوعية: Genetics, B chromosome, education.field_of_study, Haplotype, Population, Biology, genomic DNA, Insect Science, Complementary DNA, parasitic diseases, Coding region, Internal transcribed spacer, education, Molecular Biology, Ribosomal DNA

الوصف: We analyse intragenomic variation of the ITS2 internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans, by means of tagged PCR 454 amplicon sequencing performed on both genomic DNA (gDNA) and RNA-derived complementary DNA (cDNA), using part of the ITS2 flanking coding regions (5.8S and 28S rDNA) as an internal control for sequencing errors. Six different ITS2 haplotypes (i.e. variants for at least one nucleotide in the complete ITS2 sequence) were found in a single population, one of them (Hap4) being specific to a supernumerary (B) chromosome. The analysis of both gDNA and cDNA from the same individuals provided an estimate of the expression efficiency of the different haplotypes. We found random expression (i.e. about similar recovery in gDNA and cDNA) for three haplotypes (Hap1, Hap2 and Hap5), but significant underexpression for three others (Hap3, Hap4 and Hap6). Hap4 was the most extremely underexpressed and, remarkably, it showed the lowest sequence conservation for the flanking 5.8-28S coding regions in the gDNA reads but the highest conservation (100%) in the cDNA ones, suggesting the preferential expression of mutation-free rDNA units carrying this ITS2 haplotype. These results indicate that the ITS2 region of rDNA is far from complete homogenization in this species, and that the different rDNA units are not expressed at random, with some of them being severely downregulated.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::d830f24a3051e597bb804600bc5690d8Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12158Test

المؤلفون: Bishnu Prasad Mishra, P. Kathiravan, Ranjit S. Kataria, Praveen K Dubey, S. Goyal, Namita Kumari, Saket Kumar Niranjan, Ritu Mahajan

المصدر: International Journal of Immunogenetics. 41:81-89

مصطلحات موضوعية: Genetics, Phylogenetic tree, Sequence analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Goats, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Nucleic acid sequence, Sequence alignment, Ruminants, General Medicine, Biology, Homology (biology), Toll-Like Receptor 8, Complementary DNA, Animals, Coding region, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Amino Acid Sequence, Sequence Alignment, Molecular Biology, Gene, Phylogeny, Genetics (clinical)

الوصف: Summary TLR8 mediates antiviral immunity by recognizing ssRNA viruses and triggers potent antiviral and antitumor immune responses. In this study, approximately 3.5 Kb nucleotide sequence data of caprine TLR8 gene were generated from one sample each of twelve different Indian goat breeds belonging to different geographical regions. Cloning and characterization of cDNA synthesized from RNA purified from goat spleen revealed TLR8 ORF to be of 3102 nucleotides long coding for 1033 amino acids similar to other ruminant species, that is sheep, buffalo and cattle. The sequence analysis at nucleotide level revealed goat TLR8 to be closer to buffalo sharing 99.6% homology, followed by cattle and sheep. Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) used for the structural analysis of goat TLR8 showed the presence of 16 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) along with single Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. TIR domain when compared with other livestock species was found to be conserved in ruminant species goat, sheep, cattle and buffalo. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed grouping of all ruminant species together, goat being closer to buffalo followed by cattle and sheep. Total 4 polymorphic sites were observed in TLR8 gene of one specimen goat representing each of 12 different breeds studied, all of which were synonymous and present within the coding region. Of these 4 SNPs, two were in ectodomains, one in TIR domain and one was found to be present in transmembrane domain. PCR-RFLP genotyping of two of the SNPs indicated variations in allele frequencies among different goat breeds. The expression profiling in 13 tissues of goat showed maximum expression of TLR8 gene in kidney followed by spleen, lung and lymph node. Overall, our results indicate conservation of TLR8 gene among the ruminant species and low variation within Indian goat breeds.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c1a10bb4ca4795397905351636bb9637Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/iji.12075Test

المؤلفون: Lynne D. Houck, Jian Cai, Damien B. Wilburn, Pamela W. Feldhoff, Richard C. Feldhoff, Kathleen E. Bowen, Ronald G. Gregg

المصدر: Evolution. 66:2227-2239

مصطلحات موضوعية: Untranslated region, Genetics, Gene isoform, Polyadenylation, Protein family, Complementary DNA, Gene duplication, Coding region, Biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

الوصف: During the annual mating season, the mental gland of male plethodontid salamanders diverts its protein synthesizing capacity to the production of courtship pheromones that increase female receptivity. Plethodontid modulating factor (PMF), a highly disulfide-bonded 7-kDa pheromone, shows unusual hypervariability with each male expressing >30 isoforms. Twenty-eight PMFs were purified and matched by proteomic analyses to cDNA sequences. In contrast to coding sequence hypervariability, the untranslated regions (UTRs) show extraordinary conservation, no predicted microRNA binding sites, and an overlapping triplet polyadenylation signal. Full-length cDNA sequencing revealed three PMF gene classes containing subclasses of clustered sequences that support ≥ 13 PMF gene duplications. The unusual phenomena of hypervariable coding regions embedded within extremely conserved UTRs is proposed to occur by a disjunctive evolutionary process. During the short courtship season, the UTRs are hypothesized to subsume and coordinate the transcriptional and translational regulatory mechanisms of the mental gland. PMF, as a secreted protein with limited metabolic feedback in the male, is under minimal mutational restraint and thus has experienced highly accelerated rates of evolution. Consequently, plethodontid salamanders may provide a unique model for furthering our understanding of the selective forces that determine differential rates of gene duplication and evolution in protein families.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::49c511a2ac603ee4e678bb0ec7e7ef73Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01572.xTest

المؤلفون: John C. Gray, A.-M. Inka Borchers, Nuria Gonzalez-Rabade

المصدر: Plant Biotechnology Journal. 10:422-434

مصطلحات موضوعية: Untranslated region, Five prime untranslated region, viruses, Protein subunit, virus diseases, Plant Science, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Molecular biology, Complementary DNA, Rotavirus, medicine, Coding region, Agronomy and Crop Science, Gene, Biotechnology, Transplastomic plant

الوصف: Rotavirus is the main cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide, and the World Health Organisation has recommended that a rotavirus vaccine should be included in all infant immunization programmes. VP6 is the most immunogenic rotavirus subunit and is a potential target for an oral subunit vaccine. VP6 accumulated at up to 3% of total soluble protein in the young leaves of transplastomic tobacco plants, but the protein was unstable and was lost as the leaves aged. The aim of this study was to alter the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and the 5' end of the coding region of VP6 cDNA in an attempt to increase the expression and stability of VP6 protein in tobacco chloroplasts. The inclusion of the 5'-UTR from gene 10 of bacteriophage T7 (T7g10) and the addition of 15 nucleotides, encoding five additional amino acid residues, at the 5' end of the coding region increased the expression to >15% of total leaf protein and stabilized the protein in ageing leaves. Plants containing VP6 expression constructs with the rbcL 5'-UTR and with the native VP6 5' end of the coding region produced VP6 protein at only 1.9% of total leaf protein. Both the T7g10 5'-UTR and the additional 15 nucleotides increased transcript accumulation and translational efficiency compared with VP6 constructs containing the rbcL 5'-UTR. The VP6 protein produced from all gene constructs appeared to be susceptible to proteolytic processing at its N-terminal region. However, in all transplastomic lines, VP6 proteins assembled into the trimeric form found in the rotavirus capsid.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::55b879c51774a66c71de37466e1b5272Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00675.xTest

المؤلفون: Li Kang, Y. Zhang, S. Liang, Yunliang Jiang, Yanping Li, Feng Xing, D. Liu, Chenglan Jiang

المصدر: International Journal of Immunogenetics. 38:339-345

مصطلحات موضوعية: Messenger RNA, biology, Immunology, General Medicine, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Exon, Cell surface receptor, Complementary DNA, Genetics, Coding region, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Gene, Genetics (clinical)

الوصف: Summary Type I interferons (IFN) are important mediators of the host defence against viruses through binding to the cell surface receptors, among which the binding to type I IFN receptor 2 (IFNAR2) is the very first step initiating a complex signal transduction cascade. By using RT–PCR and 5′ RACE approaches, we obtained porcine IFNAR2 cDNA, the nucleotide identity of its coding region is 57.53%, 67.45%, 74.07% and 74.63% to those of mouse, human, sheep and cattle, respectively; and the deduced protein of which shares 38.18%, 55.29%, 62.01% and 63.39% identity to those of mouse, human, sheep and cattle, respectively. The genomic structure of porcine IFNAR2 gene consists of nine exons and eight introns. Porcine IFNAR2 mRNA expression was detected in all tissues examined, being strong in the spleen, small intestine, cerebrum and uterus tissues and relatively weak in the stomach tissues. As compared with piglets, the expression of IFNAR2 mRNA was significantly higher in both liver and spleen of Laiwu adult pigs (P

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::e68328d9d77bb955752b30a1f1c7f2bcTest
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.01018.xTest

المؤلفون: Liang Sen, Chenglan Jiang, Li Kang, Yunliang Jiang, Feng Xing

المصدر: International Journal of Immunogenetics. 37:477-485

مصطلحات موضوعية: Messenger RNA, biology, Immunology, Intron, Spleen, General Medicine, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Exon, medicine.anatomical_structure, Complementary DNA, Interferon-gamma receptor, Genetics, medicine, Coding region, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)

الوصف: Summary Interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR) plays an important role in the biological effects of IFN-γ. In this study, porcine IFNGR1 cDNA was cloned and two transcripts both having a coding region of 1413 bp were identified. Porcine IFNGR1 cDNA shares 62.95%, 63.73%, 72.90% and 81.10% identity in nucleotide sequence; and 45.64%, 46.69%, 58.04% and 72.55% homology in amino acid sequence to those of rat, mouse, human and cattle, respectively. The porcine IFNGR1 genomic structure consists of seven exons and six introns and is located on porcine chromosome 1. The mRNA expression of porcine IFNGR1 gene is detected in all tissues examined, with strong expression in spleen and liver tissues and weak expression in cerebrum, cerebellum and uterus tissues, respectively. A different developmental pattern in IFNGR1 mRNA expression between Laiwu and Duroc breeds was revealed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR: in Duroc pigs, a significantly higher expression was found in the tissues of heart (P

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::94e5df3aefed253d6845dcecc8e15973Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00951.xTest

المؤلفون: Jill C. Weakley, James B. Claiborne, A. W. Diamanduros, Susan L. Edwards

المصدر: Journal of Fish Biology. 76:415-426

مصطلحات موضوعية: Gills, Gene isoform, Gill, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers, animal structures, Molecular Sequence Data, Euryhaline, Anatomy, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Fundulus, Rapid amplification of cDNA ends, Fundulidae, Complementary DNA, Animals, Coding region, Amino Acid Sequence, Sequence Alignment, Peptide sequence, In Situ Hybridization, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

الوصف: In the current study, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR were used to clone full-length putative Na(+)-H(+) exchanger isoforms (NHE2a) cDNA from the gills of Fundulus heteroclitus. The 2480 bp cDNA includes a coding region for a protein that shows a 57% amino acid homology to rabbit NHE2. These sequences allowed data mining of available fish genome data, which revealed at least three NHE2 subtypes in some teleost species.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::62ed7339c27c41d715eae23b53caae25Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02534.xTest

المؤلفون: Mark Pines, Marie B. Demay, Shmuel Hurwitz, Sundeep Khosla, Henry M. Kronenberg, John T. Potts

المصدر: Scopus-Elsevier

مصطلحات موضوعية: animal structures, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, DNA, Recombinant, Biology, Primer extension, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Complementary DNA, Genes, Regulator, Animals, Humans, Coding region, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Hormone metabolism, Amino Acid Sequence, RNA, Messenger, Protein Precursors, Gene, chemistry.chemical_classification, Base Sequence, cDNA library, Nucleic acid sequence, DNA, Blotting, Northern, Molecular biology, Amino acid, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, Parathyroid Hormone

الوصف: In order to characterize an avian parathyroid hormone gene, a lambda gt10 cDNA library constructed from chicken parathyroid gland mRNA was screened with a human preproparathyroid hormone (preproPTH) cDNA probe. Nucleotide sequence analysis of three independent clones confirmed that they encoded chicken preproPTH. This analysis, complemented by primer extension and Northern blot analysis of mRNA, demonstrated a 5'-untranslated region for chicken preproPTH of 127 nucleotides, a coding region of 357 nucleotides, and a 3'-untranslated region of approximately 2500 nucleotides. The coding sequence predicts a mature chicken PTH of 88 amino acids in contrast to the 84 amino acids of the mammalian hormones. Comparison of the avian and the mammalian hormones shows striking homology in the region of amino acids 1-32. The middle and carboxyl-terminal portions of chicken PTH, however, differ considerably from the mammalian hormones and include deletions of sequences conserved in mammalian PTH and insertions of novel peptide sequences. Comparison of the avian and mammalian structures suggests potential alterations of the mammalian sequences that may lead to altered bioactivity and/or hormone metabolism.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::afce0e96ce37ced15616af47ac0dda09Test
https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650030615Test

المؤلفون: Chiara Prinster, Nicole Lemieux, Malgorzata Labuda, Francis H. Glorieux, Frédérique Tihy

المصدر: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 8:1397-1406

مصطلحات موضوعية: Untranslated region, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Gene mapping, Cricetinae, Complementary DNA, medicine, Animals, Humans, Coding region, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Amino Acid Sequence, Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase, Southern blot, Genetics, Mutation, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Nucleic acid sequence, Intron, Chromosome Mapping, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vitamin D Deficiency, Molecular biology, Rats, Steroid Hydroxylases

الوصف: We have cloned part of the human 25-OHD 24-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450cc24) cDNA. The characterized sequence consists of 776 bp of the coding and 720 bp of the 3'-untranslated region interrupted by an intron. In the coding region we found 79.8% similarity in DNA and 87.5% in deduced amino acid sequences between human and rat, with no similarity in the 3'-untranslated region. By Southern blot hybridization of DNA from human-hamster somatic cell hybrids and by in situ immunofluorescence hybridization, we mapped P450cc24 to human chromosome 20q13.1. This location of P450cc24 is different from that of pseudovitamin D-deficient rickets (PDDR), previously assigned to chromosome 12q14 by linkage analysis, thus excluding it as a target of the PDDR mutation. Since it is likely that PDDR is caused by a mutation in the 25-OHD 1 alpha-hydroxylase P450 subunit (P450cc1 alpha) our results do not support the hypothesis that the two cytochromes are encoded by a single gene.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4eefe857c2973f94ee838b756f8671c3Test
https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650081114Test