المؤلفون: Olin, Cecilia C, McDevitt-Murphy, Meghan E, Murphy, James G, Zakarian, Rebecca J, Roache, John D, Young-McCaughan, Stacey, Litz, Brett T, Keane, Terence M, Peterson, Alan L

المصدر: Faculty Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychology

الوصف: The theoretical framework of behavioral economics, a metatheory that integrates operant learning and economic theory, has only recently been applied to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A behavioral economic theory of PTSD reflects an expansion of prior behavioral conceptualization of PTSD, which described PTSD in terms of respondent and operant conditioning. In the behavioral economic framework of PTSD, negatively reinforced avoidance behavior is overvalued, in part due to deficits in environmental reward, and may be conceptualized as a form of reinforcer pathology (i.e., excessive preference for and valuation of an immediate reinforcer). We investigated cross-sectional relationships between PTSD severity and several constructs rooted in this behavioral economic framework, including future orientation, reward availability, and delay discounting in a sample of 110 military personnel/veterans (87.2% male) who had served combat deployments following September 11, 2001. Total PTSD severity was inversely related to environmental reward availability, β = -.49, ΔR = 0.24, p < .001; hedonic reward availability, β = -.32, ΔR = 0.10, p = .001; and future orientation, β = -.20, ΔR = 0.04, p = .032, but not delay discounting, r = -.05, p = .633. An examination of individual symptom clusters did not suggest that avoidance symptoms were uniquely associated with these behavioral economic constructs. The findings offer support for a behavioral economic model of PTSD in which there is a lack of positive reinforcement as well as a myopic focus on the present.

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/17159Test; https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22820Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22820Test
https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/17159Test

المؤلفون: Peterson, Alan L., Young-McCaughan, Stacey, Roache, John D., Mintz, Jim, Litz, Brett T., Williamson, Douglas E., Resick, Patricia A., Foa, Edna B.

المصدر: Faculty Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: Consortium to Alleviate PTSD, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Randomized clinical trials, Research consortium, STRONG STAR, Psychology

الوصف: The STRONG STAR Consortium (South Texas Research Organizational Network Guiding Studies on Trauma and Resilience) and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD are interdisciplinary and multi-institutional research consortia focused on the detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid conditions in military personnel and veterans. This manuscript outlines the consortia's state-of-the-science collaborative research model and how this can be used as a roadmap for future trauma-related research. STRONG STAR was initially funded for 5 years in 2008 by the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury Research Program. Since the initial funding of STRONG STAR, almost 50 additional peer-reviewed STRONG STAR-affiliated projects have been funded through the DoD, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the National Institutes of Health, and private organizations. In 2013, STRONG STAR investigators partnered with the VA's National Center for PTSD and were selected for joint DoD/VA funding to establish the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD. STRONG STAR and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD have assembled a critical mass of investigators and institutions with the synergy required to make major scientific and public health advances in the prevention and treatment of combat PTSD and related conditions. This manuscript provides an overview of the establishment of these two research consortia, including their history, vision, mission, goals, and accomplishments. Comprehensive tables provide descriptions of over 70 projects supported by the consortia. Examples are provided of collaborations among over 50 worldwide academic research institutions and over 150 investigators.

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/8633Test; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2021.106583Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2021.106583Test
https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/8633Test

المؤلفون: Bryan, Craig J., Wood, David S., May, Alexis, Peterson, Alan L., Wertenberger, Evelyn, Rudd, M. David

المصدر: Faculty Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: brief cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide, suicide, Psychology

الوصف: Brief cognitive behavioral therapy (BCBT) is associated with significant reductions in suicide attempts among military personnel. However, the underlying mechanisms of action contributing to reductions in suicide attempts in effective psychological treatments remain largely unknown. The present study conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of BCBT versus treatment as usual (TAU) to examine the mechanisms of action hypothesized by the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPT): perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and fearlessness about death. In a sample of 152 active duty U.S. Army personnel with recent suicide ideation or attempts, there were significantly fewer suicide attempts in BCBT, but there were no differences between treatment groups from baseline to 6 months postbaseline on any of the 3 IPT constructs or their interactions. Tests of the moderated mediation failed to support an indirect effect for the IPT model, regardless of which IPT variables were specified as mediators or moderators. Results suggest that the IPT’s hypothesized mechanisms of action do not account for reductions in suicide attempts in BCBT. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/8196Test; https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2017.1319313Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2017.1319313Test
https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/8196Test

المؤلفون: Bryan, Craig J., Rudd, M. David, Peterson, Alan L., Young-McCaughan, Stacey, Wertenberger, Evelyn G.

المصدر: Faculty Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: Brief cognitive behavioral therapy, Military, Suicidal ambivalence, Suicide, Psychology

الوصف: Background The relative balance between the wish to live and the wish to die (i.e., suicidal ambivalence) is a robust predictor of suicidal behavior and may be a mechanism underlying the effectiveness of treatments that reduce suicidal behaviors. To date, however, few studies have explored possible mechanisms of action in these treatments. Method Active duty Soldiers (N=152) with a recent suicide attempt and/or active suicide ideation were randomized to receive brief cognitive behavioral therapy (BCBT) or treatment as usual (TAU). The Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Inventory (Linehan et al., 2006a) was used to assess the incidence of suicide attempts during the 2-year follow-up. The wish to live and the wish to die were assessed with items 1 and 2, respectively, of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (Beck and Steer, 1991). Results Across both treatments, the wish to live was significantly weaker among patients who attempted suicide but the wish to die was stronger only among patients who attempted suicide in TAU. Among nonattempters, the wish to die stabilized the wish to live, but among attempters the wish to live and the wish to die were not associated with each other. In BCBT the wish to live destabilized the wish to die among nonattempters. Limitations Self-report methodology, predominantly male sample. Conclusions The emergence of suicidal behavior is driven primarily by the absence of the wish to live. BCBT is associated with a unique coupling of an ambivalent wish to live and wish to die, which may suggest an underlying mechanism of action.

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/8704Test; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.049Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.049Test
https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/8704Test

المؤلفون: Rudd, M. David, Bryan, Craig J., Wertenberger, Evelyn G., Peterson, Alan L., Young-McCaughan, Stacey, Mintz, Jim, Williams, Sean R., Arne, Kimberly A.

المصدر: Faculty Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychology

الوصف: Objective: The authors evaluated the effectiveness of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the prevention of suicide attempts in military personnel. Method: In a randomized controlled trial, active-duty Army soldiers at Fort Carson, Colo.,who either attempted suicide or experienced suicidal ideation with intent, were randomly assigned to treatment as usual (N=76) or treatment as usual plus brief CBT (N=76). Assessment of incidence of suicide attempts during the follow-up period was conducted with the Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interview. Inclusion criteria were the presence of suicidal ideation with intent to die during the past week and/or a suicide attempt within the past month. Soldiers were excluded if they had a medical or psychiatric condition that would prevent informed consent or participation in outpatient treatment, such as active psychosis or mania. To determine treatment efficacy with regard to incidence and time to suicide attempt, survival curve analyses were conducted. Differences in psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using longitudinal random-effects models. Results: From baseline to the 24-month follow-up assessment, eight participants in brief CBT (13.8%) and 18 participants in treatment as usual (40.2%) made at least one suicide attempt (hazard ratio=0.38, 95% CI=0.16-0.87, number needed to treat=3.88), suggesting that soldiers in brief CBT were approximately 60% less likely to make a suicide attempt during follow-up than soldiers in treatment as usual. There were no between-group differences in severity of psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions: Brief CBT was effective in preventing follow-up suicide attempts among active-duty military service members with current suicidal ideation and/or a recent suicide attempt.

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/7511Test; https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14070843Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14070843Test
https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/7511Test

المؤلفون: Bryan, Craig J., David Rudd, M., Wertenberger, Evelyn, Etienne, Neysa, Ray-Sannerud, Bobbie N., Morrow, Chad E., Peterson, Alan L., Young-Mccaughon, Stacey

المصدر: Faculty Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: Fluid vulnerability theory, Military, Suicidal belief system, Suicide, Unbearability, Unloveability, Psychology

الوصف: Background Newer approaches for understanding suicidal behavior suggest the assessment of suicide-specific beliefs and cognitions may improve the detection and prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The Suicide Cognitions Scale (SCS) was developed to measure suicide-specific beliefs, but it has not been tested in a military setting. Methods Data were analyzed from two separate studies conducted at three military mental health clinics (one U.S. Army, two U.S. Air Force). Participants included 175 active duty Army personnel with acute suicidal ideation and/or a recent suicide attempt referred for a treatment study (Sample 1) and 151 active duty Air Force personnel receiving routine outpatient mental health care (Sample 2). In both samples, participants completed self-report measures and clinician-administered interviews. Follow-up suicide attempts were assessed via clinician-administered interview for Sample 1. Statistical analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, between-group comparisons by history of suicidality, and generalized regression modeling. Results Two latent factors were confirmed for the SCS: Unloveability and Unbearability. Each demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Both scales significantly predicted current suicidal ideation (βs >0.316, ps <0.002) and significantly differentiated suicide attempts from nonsuicidal self-injury and control groups (F(6, 286)=9.801, p<0.001). Both scales significantly predicted future suicide attempts (AORs>1.07, ps <0.050) better than other risk factors. Limitations Self-report methodology, small sample sizes, predominantly male samples. Conclusions The SCS is a reliable and valid measure that predicts suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among military personnel better than other well-established risk factors. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/8053Test; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.021Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.021Test
https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/8053Test

المؤلفون: Klesges, Robert C., DeBon, Margaret, Vander Weg, Mark W., Haddock, C. Keith, Lando, Harry A., Relyea, George E., Peterson, Alan L., Talcott, G. Wayne

المصدر: Faculty Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: Military, Smokeless tobacco, Smoking cessation, Smoking prevention, Epidemiology

الوصف: The authors evaluated the effect of a brief tailored smoking control intervention delivered during basic military training on tobacco use in a population of military personnel (N = 33,215). Participants were randomized to either a tobacco use intervention (smoking cessation, smokeless tobacco use cessation, or prevention depending on tobacco use history) or a health education control condition. Results indicated that smokers who received intervention were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.30) times (7-day point prevalence) and 1.23 (95% CI = 1.07, 1.41) times (continuous abstinence) more likely to be abstinent than controls from smoking cigarettes at the 1-year follow-up (p <. 01); the cessation rate difference was 1.60% (31.09% vs. 29.49%) and 1.73% (15.47% vs. 13.74%) for point prevalence and continuous abstinence, respectively. Additionally, smokeless tobacco users were 1.33 (95% CI = 1.08, 1.63) times more likely than controls (p <. 01) continuously abstinent at follow-up, an overall cessation rate difference of 5.44% (33.72% vs. 28.28%). The smoking prevention program had no impact on smoking initiation. These results suggest potential for large-scale tobacco control efforts. Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association.

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/16038Test; https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.2.295Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.2.295Test
https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/16038Test

المؤلفون: Haddock, C. Keith, Lando, Harry A., Pyle, Sara A., DeBon, Margaret, Vander Weg, Mark, Klesges, Robert C., Peterson, Alan L., Relyea, George

المصدر: Faculty Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology

الوصف: Background: At one time, it was expected that if an individual reached young adulthood without smoking, his/her risk for initiation was minimal. However, recent data suggest that smoking initiation among young adults may be increasing. One particularly vulnerable population of young adults for smoking initiation is military recruits. This study examined whether a modified version of the Pierce Susceptibility Questionnaire (PSQ) might be useful for identifying military recruits who are vulnerable for the initiation of tobacco use. Methods: Active duty recruits entering the U.S. Air Force over a 1-year period (n=31,107) were assessed upon entry into basic military training (BMT), and a subsample was also assessed at 12 months following training. Results: The modified PSQ predicted initiation of cigarette use for all categories of baseline smokers (never, experimenters, former smokers, and regular users). The likelihood of initiating smoking after BMT was substantially higher among those identified as susceptible than among those identified as not susceptible. Conclusions: It is likely that the PSQ would prove to be a valuable tool in attempts to reduce tobacco use in the military. The predictive abilities of the measure could be used to target intervention and prevention efforts towards those most at risk. © 2005 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/16364Test; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.010Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.010Test
https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/facpubs/16364Test