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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Kirszenblat, Leonie, Ertekin, Deniz, Goodsell, Joseph, Zhou, Yanqiong, Shaw, Paul J., van Swinderen, Bruno
مصطلحات موضوعية: RESEARCH ARTICLE
الوصف: Although sleep deprivation is known to impair attention in humans and other mammals, the underlying reasons are not well understood, and whether similar effects are present in non-mammalian species is not known. We therefore sought to investigate whether sleep is important for optimizing attention in an invertebrate species, the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster . We developed a high-throughput paradigm to measure visual attention in freely walking Drosophila , using competing foreground/background visual stimuli. We found that whereas sleep-deprived flies could respond normally to either stimulus alone, they were more distracted by background cues in a visual competition task. Other stressful manipulations such as starvation, heat exposure and mechanical stress had no effects on visual attention in this paradigm. In contrast to sleep deprivation, providing additional sleep using the GABA-A agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP) did not affect attention in wild-type flies, but specifically improved attention in the learning mutant dunce . Our results reveal a key function of sleep in optimizing attention processes in Drosophila , and establish a behavioral paradigm that can be used to explore the molecular mechanisms involved.
وصف الملف: text/html
العلاقة: http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/221/24/jeb191429Test; http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.191429Test
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.191429Test
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/221/24/jeb191429Test -
2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Grabowska, Martyna J., Steeves, James, Alpay, Julius, Van De Poll, Matthew, Ertekin, Deniz, van Swinderen, Bruno
مصطلحات موضوعية: RESEARCH ARTICLE
الوصف: Visual decision making in animals is influenced by innate preferences as well as experience. Interaction between hard-wired responses and changing motivational states determines whether a visual stimulus is attractive, aversive or neutral. It is, however, difficult to separate the relative contribution of nature versus nurture in experimental paradigms, especially for more complex visual parameters such as the shape of objects. We used a closed-loop virtual reality paradigm for walking Drosophila to uncover innate visual preferences for the shape and size of objects, in a recursive choice scenario allowing the flies to reveal their visual preferences over time. We found that Drosophila melanogaster display a robust attraction/repulsion profile for a range of object sizes in this paradigm, and that this visual preference profile remains evident under a variety of conditions and persists into old age. We also demonstrate a level of flexibility in this behavior: innate repulsion to certain objects could be transiently overridden if these were novel, although this effect was only evident in younger flies. Finally, we show that a neuromodulatory circuit in the fly brain, Drosophila neuropeptide F (dNPF), can be recruited to guide visual decision making. Optogenetic activation of dNPF-expressing neurons converted a visually repulsive object into a more attractive object. This suggests that dNPF activity in the Drosophila brain guides ongoing visual choices, to override innate preferences and thereby provide a necessary level of behavioral flexibility in visual decision making.
وصف الملف: text/html
العلاقة: http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/221/23/jeb185918Test; http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.185918Test
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.185918Test
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/221/23/jeb185918Test -
3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Kirszenblat, Leonie, Ertekin, Deniz, Goodsell, Joseph, Zhou, Yanqiong, Shaw, Paul J., van Swinderen, Bruno
مصطلحات موضوعية: Research Article, psy, anthro-bio
الوصف: Although sleep deprivation is known to impair attention in humans and other mammals, the underlying reasons are not well understood, and whether similar effects are present in non-mammalian species is not known. We therefore sought to investigate whether sleep is important for optimizing attention in an invertebrate species, the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster. We developed a high-throughput paradigm to measure visual attention in freely walking Drosophila, using competing foreground/background visual stimuli. We found that whereas sleep-deprived flies could respond normally to either stimulus alone, they were more distracted by background cues in a visual competition task. Other stressful manipulations such as starvation, heat exposure and mechanical stress had no effects on visual attention in this paradigm. In contrast to sleep deprivation, providing additional sleep using the GABA-A agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP) did not affect attention in wild-type flies, but specifically improved attention in the learning mutant dunce. Our results reveal a key function of sleep in optimizing attention processes in Drosophila, and establish a behavioral paradigm that can be used to explore the molecular mechanisms involved.
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4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Taylor, Gavin, Paulk, Angelique C, Pearson, Thomas WJ, Moore, Richard JD, Stacey, Jacqui A, Ball, David, van Swinderen, Bruno, Srinivasan, Mandyam V
المصدر: Journal of Experimental Biology; 218, pp 3118-3127 (2015) ; ISSN: 1477-9145
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biological Sciences
الوصف: When using virtual-reality paradigms to study animal behaviour, careful attention must be paid to how the animal's actions are detected. This is particularly relevant in closed-loop experiments where the animal interacts with a stimulus. Many different sensor types have been used to measure aspects of behaviour, and although some sensors may be more accurate than others, few studies have examined whether, and how, such differences affect an animal's behaviour in a closed-loop experiment. To investigate this issue, we conducted experiments with tethered honeybees walking on an air-supported trackball and fixating a visual object in closed-loop. Bees walked faster and along straighter paths when the motion of the trackball was measured in the classical fashion - using optical motion sensors repurposed from computer mice - than when measured more accurately using a computer vision algorithm called 'FicTrac'. When computer mouse sensors were used to measure bees' behaviour, the bees modified their behaviour and achieved improved control of the stimulus. This behavioural change appears to be a response to a systematic error in the computer mouse sensor that reduces the sensitivity of this sensor system under certain conditions. Although the large perceived inertia and mass of the trackball relative to the honeybee is a limitation of tethered walking paradigms, observing differences depending on the sensor system used to measure bee behaviour was not expected. This study suggests that bees are capable of fine-tuning their motor control to improve the outcome of the task they are performing. Further, our findings show that caution is required when designing virtual-reality experiments, as animals can potentially respond to the artificial scenario in unexpected and unintended ways.
العلاقة: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8054657Test; http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.125617Test; scopus:84962892169; pmid:26276861
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Van De Poll, Matthew N, Zajaczkowski, Esmi L, Taylor, Gavin, Srinivasan, Mandyam V, van Swinderen, Bruno
المصدر: Journal of Experimental Biology; 218(21), pp 3448-3460 (2015) ; ISSN: 1477-9145
مصطلحات موضوعية: Zoology
الوصف: Closed-loop paradigms provide an effective approach to studying visual choice behaviour and attention in small animals. Different flying and walking paradigms have been developed to investigate behavioural and neuronal responses to competing stimuli in insects such as bees and flies. However, the variety of stimulus choices that can be presented over one experiment is often limited. Current choice paradigms are mostly constrained as single binary choice scenarios that are influenced by the linear structure of classical conditioning paradigms. Here, we present a novel behavioural choice paradigm that allows animals to explore a closed geometry of interconnected binary choices by repeatedly selecting among competing objects, thereby revealing stimulus preferences in an historical context. We employed our novel paradigm to investigate visual flicker preferences in honeybees (Apis mellifera), and found significant preferences for 20-25Hz flicker and avoidance of higher (50-100Hz) and lower (2-4Hz) flicker frequencies. Similar results were found when bees were presented with three simultaneous choices instead of two, and when they were given the chance to select previously rejected choices. Our results show that honeybees can discriminate among different flicker frequencies, and that their visual preferences are persistent even under different experimental conditions. Interestingly, avoided stimuli were more attractive if they were novel, suggesting that novelty salience can override innate preferences. Our recursive virtual reality environment provides a new approach to studying visual discrimination and choice behaviour in behaving animals.
العلاقة: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8054666Test; http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.125138Test; wos:000364791100023; scopus:84962792130; pmid:26347568
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6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Van De Poll, Matthew N, Zajaczkowski, Esmi L, Taylor, Gavin, Srinivasan, Mandyam V, van Swinderen, Bruno
المصدر: Journal of Experimental Biology; 218(21), pp 3448-3460 (2015) ; ISSN: 1477-9145
الوصف: Closed-loop paradigms provide an effective approach to studying visual choice behaviour and attention in small animals. Different flying and walking paradigms have been developed to investigate behavioural and neuronal responses to competing stimuli in insects such as bees and flies. However, the variety of stimulus choices that can be presented over one experiment is often limited. Current choice paradigms are mostly constrained as single binary choice scenarios that are influenced by the linear structure of classical conditioning paradigms. Here, we present a novel behavioural choice paradigm that allows animals to explore a closed geometry of interconnected binary choices by repeatedly selecting among competing objects, thereby revealing stimulus preferences in an historical context. We employed our novel paradigm to investigate visual flicker preferences in honeybees (Apis mellifera), and found significant preferences for 20-25Hz flicker and avoidance of higher (50-100Hz) and lower (2-4Hz) flicker frequencies. Similar results were found when bees were presented with three simultaneous choices instead of two, and when they were given the chance to select previously rejected choices. Our results show that honeybees can discriminate among different flicker frequencies, and that their visual preferences are persistent even under different experimental conditions. Interestingly, avoided stimuli were more attractive if they were novel, suggesting that novelty salience can override innate preferences. Our recursive virtual reality environment provides a new approach to studying visual discrimination and choice behaviour in behaving animals.
