المؤلفون: Grazia Gambarini, P. Marchesi, A. Pecci, S. Agosteo, G. Rosi, E. Nava

المصدر: Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy ISBN: 9781461354789

مصطلحات موضوعية: Recoil proton, Materials science, Dosimeter, Nuclear engineering, Absorbed dose, Radiochemistry, Research reactor, Reliability (statistics), Neutron temperature, Imaging phantom, Three dimensional measurement

الوصف: For treatment planning it is very important to perform preliminary measurements of the spatial distribution of absorbed dose with good resolution and reliability. To this purpose Computer simulations are commonly utilised, supported by experimental measurements performed through small dosimeters placed at various locations in a tissue-equivalent phantom.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::f8950b1c06c752ea6f2c4547672c7de8Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1285-1_52Test

المؤلفون: F. Orsitto, P. Nielsen, H. Salzmann, E. Nava

المصدر: Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors 2 ISBN: 9781461374428

مصطلحات موضوعية: Materials science, Thomson scattering, business.industry, Ti:sapphire laser, Plasma, Laser, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, Lidar, law, Temporal resolution, Sapphire, business

الوصف: The choice of the laser wavelength for ITER LIDAR THOMSON SCATTERING SYSTEM for the core plasma is linked to the extended range of plasma temperatures1 to be measured, i.e. 0.5–30keV. The additional requirements1 are: temperature relative error ΔTe/Te=0.1 with spatial resolution of 0.1m, plasma density relative error Δne/ne=0.05 and spatial resolution 0.3m, at a temporal resolution of 10ms.These last parameters determine the laser energy, the pulsewidth and the repetition rate. It has been found2 that a single laser working at a wavelength of 790nm solves the problem of measuring the ITER temperature with a relative error less than or equal to 20%. A Titanium-Sapphire laser (Ti:Al2O3) is the natural candidate for such a source since the fluorescence peak is at 800nm, with a very large tunability range between 700 and 1000nm. Other important characteristics of the material are the large gain cross section, and relatively short fluorescence lifetime, its hardness and good thermal conductivity properties inherent to the sapphire host, and the availability in large size, good quality crystals. High power short pulse Ti:Sapphire lasers can be built. The paper is organized as follows: the required laser figures are summarized, the main Ti:Sapphire(TiS) material parameters are listed in comparison to other laser materials, the scheme of a 10Hz TiS laser is presented, the possibilities of improving the previous scheme to 100Hz source are discussed and a comparison with other proposed schemes4 is cited, finally the conclusions are drawn about the possibility of building these sources with present day technology.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::5ebdc900ca5dbbdacc62277631972acaTest
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5353-3_27Test

المؤلفون: E. Nava, A. Mailfert, G. Vinsard

المصدر: Electric and Magnetic Fields ISBN: 9781461358060

مصطلحات موضوعية: Physics, State variable, Fluid dynamics, Scalar potential, Mechanics, Magnetostatics, Inductor, Boundary element method, Finite element method, Magnetic field

الوصف: The magnetic filtration of small paramagnetic particles consists in making a high static magnetic field, which is created by a supraconductor inductor and magnetizes many iron wires that are embedded in a fluid flow. The magnetic field, in the vicinity of the iron wires, comports high gradients that trap the paramagnetic particles carried by the fluid. The modelling of the magnetic filtration is very complex1 because the fluid flow must be computed accurately at both the scale of the iron wires and particles to take into account the many interactions. Moreover the interaction between the fluid and particles is difficult to state. The magnetic analysis is also complex even if we only treat the 2D problem, which is issued from the assumption that the iron wires are infinite cylinders. In fact the magnetic field can be computed by using its scalar potential as state variable, and the magnetic force is proportional to a double derivative of this potential whose values are difficult to obtain numerically2. The aim of this paper is to show the results that we have obtained by using a re-interpolation of the double derivative of the potential on a triangular mesh that is generated from the finite element mesh from which we compute the potential.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::5ebd0129354bf1fda37ba9335dd97080Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1961-4_29Test

المؤلفون: Philip C. Shanks, P. S. Goyal, Krishnan Chari, S. Sánchez, Kyoko Watanabe, C. J. Johny, A. D. Nikolov, Camillo La Mesa, Lui Lane, M. Costas, Vipendra Tyagi, A. N. Maitra, D. Balasubramanian, E. Pramauro, Li Yong, J. Sancenón, Anil B. Zade, P. Mariscal, Ishrat Jahan, Paul Joseph Tracy Missel, V. P. Mehta, P. A. Pincus, D. Roux, P. A. Kralchevsky, Ronald D. Neuman, H. C. Dominguez, A. S. Tourky, J. Strnad, A. Robledo, H.-H. Kohler, S. Bhattacharya, D. A. Tomalia, V. K. Kelkar, Fang Mingming, B. A. Moyer, Ton Weide, D. O. Shah, Kunio Mimura, L. C. Heda, J. M. Douillard, J. Texter, B. A. Dasannacharya, M. Terenzi, C. Manohar, B. K. Mishra, P. Ashburner, M. J. Stébé, Daniel J. O’Leary, Xia Jiding, F. C. MacKintosh, Frank A. L. Anet, M. K. Packman, Giuseppe Antonio Ranieri, Yu Xiafei, D. Blankschtein, I. A. El-Sabbagh, Kazuyuki Tsubone, E. Burattini, Jaques Roncin, Zukang Zhou, G. Cerichelli, C. A. Littau, C. A. Bunton, M. de la Guardia, A. Blasko, A. Raudino, R. Zana, M. Pathak, Muzayan Jahan, P. D’Angelo, R. O. Castillo, Zhi-Jian Yu, Jean Faure, E. Staude, J. L. Carrión, J. S. Huang, A. R. Lacey, E. Orthgieß, B. Dobiáš, J. Gracia, Kailash N. Munshi, Ashok N. Bhaskarwar, Anjani J. Varma, H. N. Singh, A. K. Jain, M. Privat, W. Binana-Limbelé, M. Hasan, S. A. Safran, M. M. El-Fass, K. R. Wormuth, Elias I. Franses, G. Broze, Yang Peizeng, F. R. Horch, William Binana-Limbele, D. C. McKenzie, I. B. Ivanov, N. J. Turro, R. Bacaloglu, S. Qutubuddin, R. Rennas, G. J. Lumetta, G. Martinez-Mekler, J. C. Ravey, Y. M. Yang, William C. Lenhart, Tong Weide, F. Malejka, John C. Shelley, C. Varea, Savita A. Vaidya, Robert Pansu, H. B. Sallam, Afaf A. R. El-Mariah, E. Dayalan, E. Giglio, D. T. Wasan, A. Balerna, N. V. Pavel, J. Sowa, Eric W. Kaler, Qizhi He, E. Tronel-Peyroz, J. Joshi, R. L. Blokhra, G. N. Case, G. M. Malik, Tatsuo Arai, K. S. Rao, C. B. Douglas, F. M. Menger, D. F. Nicoli, A. Shirazi, E. Peris-Cardells, M. G. Sceats, Jiri Barek, Angelos Malliaris, V. Talanquer, N. M. Wilson, G. Caminati, T. N. Nagar, F. Ortega, C. F. Baes, J. M. Vendel, Michael L. Klein, V. Srinivas, A. M. Bellocq, G. G. Warr, S. Puvvada, C. Chachaty, Peiqiang Wu, Kenji Mori, Ch. Durga Prasad, H. Mohindra Chawla, L. M. Trejo, Jiri Zima, Tatsumi Tokumaru, E. A. Moussa, R. A. Ali, K. N. Panchal, C. S. Sodhi, E. Nava, D. Schieder, Th. F. Tadros, E. Bernieri

المصدر: Surfactants in Solution ISBN: 9781461367123

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cloud point, Viscosity, Pulmonary surfactant, Chemistry, Critical micelle concentration, Association (object-oriented programming), Micellar solutions, Ionic bonding, Thermodynamics, Micelle

الوصف: A theoretical model describing the association of ionic surfactants into rod-shaped micelles is combined with an approximate formula for the viscosity increase induced by rod-shaped aggregates. It is shown that most of the thermodynamic parameters of the association model can be obtained from viscosity measurements. The approach is applied to micellar solutions of hexadecylpyridinium salts. The pronounced effect of counter-ion concentration on the growth of rod-shaped micelles can be attributed to a slightly higher degree of counter-ion association in the cylindrical part than in the end portions. An attempt is made to explain the finding that the degree of counter-ion association is virtually independent of counter-ion concentration.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::11432226d0a11cde9f91e19419b60b74Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3836-3_42Test