المؤلفون: Hedayat Sahraei, Hamed Aliyari, Mohammad Bagher Menhaj, Seyed Hossein Hosseinian

المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 16:4315-4326

مصطلحات موضوعية: Environmental Engineering, Artificial neural network, Adult male, Experimental model, Brain cortex, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Sleep in non-human animals, Reduced appetite, Melatonin, Behavioral test, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Neuroscience, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, medicine.drug

الوصف: An important biological hazard that is caused by the placement of power transmission lines in the vicinity of cities and villages is the computation of the magnetic and electric fields around these lines. Therefore, the present research objective was to study the effect of high-voltage fields on the effect of the neural network model on the brain and to compare the results of this model with the results of behavioral and biological analyses of primates. In this research, two adult male macaques were selected for the experiments. Prior to inclusion in the research, the primates were exposed to behavioral tests, hormonal assays (melatonin and cortisol), and MRI-assisted brain anatomy analyses using special kits. The monkey in the experimental group was exposed to a 3 kV/m high-voltage field for 4 h a day for a month, after applying electric field simulations. In addition, the behavioral elements of the primates in the experimental and control groups were analyzed during the treatment. Computation models were used in this research, and the results were compared to experimental data. Behavioral elements manifested in the form of changes such as reduced activity, isolation, reduced appetite, and sleep disorders during applying electric field simulations of the monkey that was exposed to the high-voltage field. Based on the results of the simulation model and the variations of the behavioral, hormonal, and anatomical elements, the decrease in the activity of the brain cortex, sleep disorders, and isolation were indicative of depression in the monkey exposed to the high-voltage field.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::cfac1b0a47bf5752fab70032e5c309acTest
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1830-8Test

المؤلفون: I. B. Mikheeva, L. D. Luk'yanova, L. L. Pavlik, Yu. I. Kirova, V. P. Berest, E. L. Germanova, Galina D. Mironova, Ya. M. Al’-Mugkhrabi

المصدر: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 164:376-381

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cell, Prefrontal Cortex, Altitude Sickness, Mitochondrion, Matrix (biology), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Tissue Culture Techniques, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Animals, Outbred Strains, medicine, Animals, Prefrontal cortex, Chemistry, Brain cortex, Microtomy, General Medicine, Hypoxia (medical), Adaptation, Physiological, Mitochondria, Rats, Oxygen, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Cerebral cortex, Ultrastructure, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery

الوصف: We performed ultrastructural study of cerebral cortex mitochondria in rats with different tolerance to oxygen deficiency (low resistant and highly resistant specimens). Low resistant rats were characterized by the prevalence of mitochondria with lightened matrix due to the nondense packing of cristae. By contrast, mitochondria of highly resistant animals had the dense packing of cristae. The structure of mitochondria underwent adaptive changes at 14-10% O2 in the inspired air. Under these conditions, structural characteristics of the cerebral cortex in hypoxia-sensitive rats resembled those in resistant animals. The decrease in O2 concentration to 8% was accompanied by ultrastructural signs of mitochondrial damage, which correlated with de-energization of the cell and dysfunction of adaptive signaling systems. Ultrastructural features of cerebral cortex mitochondria in animals with low and high tolerance to acute oxygen deficiency confirm the hypothesis that they are associated with two different "functionaland-metabolic portraits".

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7ead415fe5f360baa7faa318d7db3e7aTest
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-018-3993-1Test

المؤلفون: Yu. I. Kirova, L. D. Luk'yanova, E. L. Germanova

المصدر: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 164:298-303

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cell signaling, Body resistance, Citric Acid Cycle, Succinic Acid, Altitude Sickness, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Transcription factor, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Cerebral Cortex, GABA shunt, Electron Transport Complex I, Chemistry, Electron Transport Complex II, Brain cortex, Rats, Inbred Strains, General Medicine, Oxygen deficiency, Hypoxia (medical), Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Adaptation, Physiological, Rats, Semicarbazides, Cell biology, Succinate Dehydrogenase, High resistance, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Phenobarbital, Picolines, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction

الوصف: Hypoxia-induced immediate expression of transcription factor HIF-1α in the brain cortex is regulated by succinate produced in both the tricarbonic acid cycle and GABA shunt reactions and is induced by succinate-containing drugs. These facts prove the existence of succinate-dependent signalling regulation involved in immediate and delayed molecular adaptation and increased body resistance to oxygen deficiency, where succinate acts as a signal molecule. The intensity of this process differs in animals with low and high resistance to hypoxia.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::08b39361aa9974fafc7bb3cf8895ab66Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-018-3976-2Test

المؤلفون: V. Kh. Khavinson, I. V. Sergeev, I. B. Sokolova, N. N. Mel’nikova, G. A. Ryzhak

المصدر: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 161:300-303

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Angiogenesis, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Peptide, Rats, Inbred WKY, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Microcirculation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, chemistry.chemical_classification, Pia mater, business.industry, Compartment (ship), Brain cortex, Proteins, General Medicine, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Microvascular Network, chemistry, Microvessels, Pia Mater, Angiogenesis Inducing Agents, Sensorimotor Cortex, Arteriogenesis, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery

الوصف: Using a TV unit for microcirculation studies, we studied the density of the entire microvascular network and its arterial compartment in the pia mater of the sensorimotor cortex in intact young and aged rats (2-3 and 22-24 months) and aged rats after a course of vascular peptide bioregulator Slavinorm. The experiments showed that the density of microvascular network in intact animals decreased by 1.6 times with aging. Treatment with the peptide bioregulator 2.5-fold increased the density of the microvascular network in aged rats in comparison with intact animals of the same age, the density of the arterial compartment of the microvascular network in the pia mater increased by 2.8 times.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9d40e3a52bd6db1cbb3b2a376b6186c1Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-016-3400-8Test

المؤلفون: V. Kh. Khavinson, R. S. Umnov, N. S. Linkova

المصدر: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 157:701-704

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nervous system, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aging, biology, Brain cortex, Vimentin, Peptide, General Medicine, Neuroprotection, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rats, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Cell culture, medicine, biology.protein, Animals, Serotonin, Rats, Wistar, Peptides

الوصف: Molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of peptide T-33 and cortexin were studied on organotypic cultures of the brain from young and old Wistar rats. The effective concentration of peptide T-33 stimulating proliferative activity of neurons considerably surpassed that of cortexin. Cortexin and peptide T-33 stimulated the expression of serotonin, Ki-67, and vimentin in cells of the brain cortex; peptide T-33 was most effective in this respect.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0178e32250af3ef765a8e081e5157794Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-014-2646-2Test

المؤلفون: Lianna Yeganyan, Armenuhi Heqimyan, Anush Deghoyan, Lilia Narinyan, Anna Nikoghosyan, Sinerik Ayrapetyan

المصدر: The Environmentalist. 32:228-235

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ouabain binding, medicine.medical_specialty, Modulation effect, Brain cortex, Biology, Ouabain receptors, Ouabain, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Efflux, Receptor, Inhibitory effect, General Environmental Science, medicine.drug

الوصف: Age dependency of [3H]-ouabain binding, 45Ca2+ eflux and its magnetosensitivity in rats’ brain cortex and heart muscle tissues were studied. Curves of dose-dependent [3H]-ouabain binding consisted of three components with different affinities (10−7–10−4 M (α1); 10−9–10−7 M (α2); and 10−11–10−9 M (α3)). These curves were also characterized by different dose-dependent kinetics. [3H]-ouabain binding with α3 receptors in brain cortex and heart muscle tissues of young and adult animals had a dose-dependent character, while that in old ones had a dose-independent character. A 0.2 T static magnetic field (SMF) exposure had modulation effect on ouabain binding with α1, α2 and α3 receptors in young rats, while in adult ones, only α3 receptors were magnetosensitive. In old animals, SMF exposure had no significant effect on ouabain binding with α3 receptors in brain cortex, while in heart muscle, it had inhibitory effect on it. Age-dependent effect of ouabain impact on 45Ca2+ efflux showed that all concentrations of ouabain lead to inhibitory effect in young animals’ brain cortex and heart muscle (with the exception of 10−10 and 10−6 M), while in old ones, it had activation effect as compared with data received without ouabain. SMF exposure in young animals had activation effect on 45Ca2+ efflux from brain cortex and heart muscle in data without ouabain, and in old rats, 45Ca2+ efflux from brain cortex was magnetic insensitive. In old animals, SMF increased 45Ca2+ efflux even after extra low concentration of ouabain. It is suggested that α3 receptors having a crucial role in the regulation of Na+/Ca2+ exchange serve as age-dependent magnetosensors of excitable cells.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::dbf9ec606d3784d30b36616fb8c79609Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-011-9383-0Test

المؤلفون: Sinerik Ayrapetyan, Robert Simonyan, Anush Deghoyan

المصدر: The Environmentalist. 32:222-227

مصطلحات موضوعية: Chromatography, Focused Impedance Measurement, Chemistry, Brain cortex, Anatomy, Conductivity, Ouabain, Tissue hydration, medicine, Double frequency, Water content, Young male, General Environmental Science, medicine.drug

الوصف: The aim of the present study is to estimate the changes in cell hydration in different conditions using impedance measurements. Experiments were performed on adult and young male albino rats. Tissue hydration level was estimated as a difference between tissue wet and dry weight. Ouabain concentrations from 10−11 to 10−4 M, physiological solution (PS), mannit and distillated water (DW) were used. The impedance measurements were taken with “Biophys-Expert-1”. The increase in water content in the brain cortex (through the injection) raises the active conductivity after intraperitoneally injections of PS, mannit and DW. The more pronounced increase was observed in case of DW injection. The values of reactive conductivity were higher when mannit injection was made. In case of different ouabain concentrations, the active and reactive components were higher in young animals than in adult ones. Considering obtained results, the impedance measurement can be provided as a method for the estimation of tissue hydration level.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::4322f7bea58cce8fa29665b8a12c8062Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-011-9377-yTest

المؤلفون: Sergey B. Seredenin, G. A. Romanova, F. M. Shakova, T. A. Antipova, T. A. Gudasheva, E. V. Stel’mashuk, I. V. Barskov

المصدر: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 150:432-435

مصطلحات موضوعية: Brain Infarction, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Intraperitoneal injection, Pharmacology, Neuroprotection, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nerve Growth Factor, Ischemic infarction, medicine, Animals, Prefrontal cortex, Stroke, Cerebral Cortex, Dipeptide, business.industry, Brain cortex, Brain, Dipeptides, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Rats, Neuroprotective Agents, Nerve growth factor, chemistry, Anesthesia, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Peptides, business

الوصف: The neuroprotective and antiamnestic effects of GK-2 dipeptide (nerve growth factor mimetic) were studied on rats with photoinduced bilateral focal ischemia of the prefrontal cortex. Intraperitoneal injection of GK-2 in a dose of 1 mg/kg on days 1, 2, 4, and 6 postoperation led to a 62% reduction of cortical infarction volume on day 9 and completely preserved conditioned passive avoidance response trained before stroke.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4ec0d34179ab658519226677f5173d47Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-011-1161-yTest

المؤلفون: A. I. Pilyavskii, A. V. Maznichenko, V. A. Maiskii, O. V. Vlasenko

المصدر: Neurophysiology. 40:295-303

مصطلحات موضوعية: Stereotyped movements, Physiology, General Neuroscience, Brain cortex, Limbic lobe, Bregma, Biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reflex, medicine, Fos immunoreactivity, Forelimb, Neuroscience, Motor cortex

الوصف: A comparative study of mmunoreactivity with respect to c-Fos protein in the motor (zones М1 and М2), medial prefrontal (PrL and IL), and cingular (Cg1 and Cg2) cortices allowed us to find significant differences between the intensities of expression of gene c-fos in these cortical regions in control rats (group 1) and animals trained to perform catching of food globules by the forelimb (i.e., realizing an operant food-procuring reflex, group 2). The density of distribution of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) neurons in rats of group 2 in motor and limbic cortical zones at +2.2 to +0.2 levels rostrally from the bregma were significantly lower than in control rats (Р Cg2 > М1 > М2 > > PrL. As is supposed, NADPH-d-r neurons (i.e., cells generating NO) are involved in the control of regional blood flow in the studied cortical regions.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::f74c7357139e2cba52c407f3cbc3d2cfTest
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11062-009-9055-6Test

المؤلفون: Changsong Zhou, Gorka Zamora-López, Juergen Kurths, Lucia Zemanová

المصدر: Pramana. 70:1087-1097

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer science, Node (networking), Brain cortex, General Physics and Astronomy, Network structure, Network topology, Topology, Subnetwork

الوصف: Recent research has revealed a rich and complicated network topology in the cortical connectivity of mammalian brains. A challenging task is to understand the implications of such network structures on the functional organisation of the brain activities. We investigate synchronisation dynamics on the corticocortical network of the cat by modelling each node of the network (cortical area) with a subnetwork of interacting excitable neurons. We find that this network of networks displays clustered synchronisation behaviour and the dynamical clusters closely coincide with the topological community structures observed in the anatomical network. The correlation between the firing rate of the areas and the areal intensity is additionally examined. Our results provide insights into the relationship between the global organisation and the functional specialisation of the brain cortex.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::8bf6a4fa2402cac86e9601ffc0ddf0ffTest
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-008-0113-1Test