دورية أكاديمية
Trends in neonicotinoid pesticide residues in food and water in the United States, 1999–2015
| العنوان: | Trends in neonicotinoid pesticide residues in food and water in the United States, 1999–2015 |
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| المؤلفون: | Hillary A. Craddock, Dina Huang, Paul C. Turner, Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá, Devon C. Payne-Sturges |
| المصدر: | Environmental Health, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2019) |
| بيانات النشر: | BMC Springer Nature |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Neonicotinoids, Insecticides, Food, Water, Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene, RC963-969, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, envir, demo |
| الوصف: | Background Neonicotinoids are a class of systemic insecticides widely used on food crops globally. These pesticides may be found in “off-target” food items and persist in the environment. Despite the potential for extensive human exposure, there are limited studies regarding the prevalence of neonicotinoid residues in foods sold and consumed in the United States. Methods Residue data for seven neonicotinoid pesticides collected between 1999 and 2015 by the US Department of Agriculture’s Pesticide Data Program (PDP) were collated and summarized by year across various food commodities, including fruit, vegetable, meat, dairy, grain, honey, and baby food, as well as water to qualitatively describe and examine trends in contamination frequency and residue concentrations. Results The highest detection frequencies (DFs) for neonicotinoids by year on all commodities were generally below 20%. Average DFs over the entire study period, 1999–2015, for domestic and imported commodities were similar at 4.5%. For all the samples (both domestic and imported) imidacloprid was the neonicotinoid with the highest overall detection frequency at 12.0%. However, higher DFs were observed for specific food commodity-neonicotinoid combinations such as: cherries (45.9%), apples (29.5%), pears (24.1%) and strawberries (21.3%) for acetamiprid; and cauliflower (57.5%), celery (20.9%), cherries (26.3%), cilantro (30.6%), grapes (28.9%), collard greens (24.9%), kale (31.4%), lettuce (45.6%), potatoes (31.2%) and spinach (38.7%) for imidacloprid. Neonicotinoids were also detected in organic commodities, (DF < 6%). Individual commodities with at least 5% of samples testing positive for two or more neonicotinoids included apples, celery, and cherries. Generally, neonicotinoid residues on food commodities did not exceed US Environmental Protection Agency tolerance levels. Increases in detection trends for both finished and untreated water samples for imidacloprid were observed from 2004 to 2011. Conclusions Analysis of PDP data . |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article in journal/newspaper |
| اللغة: | English |
| العلاقة: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-018-0441-7Test |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12940-018-0441-7 |
| الإتاحة: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-018-0441-7Test |
| حقوق: | undefined |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsbas.6BD74D5F |
| قاعدة البيانات: | BASE |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12940-018-0441-7 |
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