In hemodialysis, bicarbonate (HCO3−) balance may be affected by the choice of HCO3− concentration in the dialysis fluid. In online postdilution hemodiafiltration (HDF), we studied the effect of three various HCO3− dialysis fluid concentrations on HCO3− transport across the hemodialyser membrane and on the final HCO3− balance for the in vitro patient.