المؤلفون: Bergeri, I, Whelan, MG, Ware, H, Subissi, L, Nardone, A, Lewis, HC, Li, Z, Ma, X, Valenciano, M, Cheng, B, Al Ariqi, L, Rashidian, A, Okeibunor, J, Azim, T, Wijesinghe, P, Le, L-V, Vaughan, A, Pebody, R, Vicari, A, Yan, T, Yanes-Lane, M, Cao, C, Clifton, DA, Cheng, MP, Papenburg, J, Buckeridge, D, Bobrovitz, N, Arora, RK, Van Kerkhove, MD

المساهمون: Group, Unity Studies Collaborator

مصطلحات موضوعية: Metaanalysis, SARS CoV 2, Medical risk factors, Virus testing, COVID 19, Vaccination and immunization, Respiratory infections, Low and middle income countries

الوصف: Background Our understanding of the global scale of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains incomplete: Routine surveillance data underestimate infection and cannot infer on population immunity; there is a predominance of asymptomatic infections, and uneven access to diagnostics. We meta-analyzed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies, standardized to those described in the World Health Organization’s Unity protocol (WHO Unity) for general population seroepidemiological studies, to estimate the extent of population infection and seropositivity to the virus 2 years into the pandemic. Methods and findings We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, preprints, and grey literature for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence published between January 1, 2020 and May 20, 2022. The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020183634). We included general population cross-sectional and cohort studies meeting an assay quality threshold (90% sensitivity, 97% specificity; exceptions for humanitarian settings). We excluded studies with an unclear or closed population sample frame. Eligible studies—those aligned with the WHO Unity protocol—were extracted and critically appraised in duplicate, with risk of bias evaluated using a modified Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. We meta-analyzed seroprevalence by country and month, pooling to estimate regional and global seroprevalence over time; compared seroprevalence from infection to confirmed cases to estimate underascertainment; meta-analyzed differences in seroprevalence between demographic subgroups such as age and sex; and identified national factors associated with seroprevalence using meta-regression. We identified 513 full texts reporting 965 distinct seroprevalence studies (41% low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]) sampling 5,346,069 participants between January 2020 and April 2022, including 459 low/moderate risk of bias studies with national/subnational scope in further analysis. By ...

العلاقة: https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7870a762-3627-4d42-ab66-6c6524d2f994Test; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004107Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004107Test
https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7870a762-3627-4d42-ab66-6c6524d2f994Test

المؤلفون: Russell, NJ, Stöhr, W, Plakkal, N, Cook, A, Berkley, JA, Adhisivam, B, Agarwal, R, Ahmed, NU, Balasegaram, M, Ballot, D, Bekker, A, Berezin, EN, Bilardi, D, Boonkasidecha, S, Carvalheiro, CG, Chami, N, Chaurasia, S, Chiurchiu, S, Colas, VRF, Cousens, S, Cressey, TR, de Assis, ACD, Dien, TM, Ding, Y, Dung, NT, Dong, H, Dramowski, A, Ds, M, Dudeja, A, Feng, J, Glupczynski, Y, Goel, S, Goossens, H, Hao, DTH, Khan, MI, Huertas, TM, Islam, MS, Jarovsky, D, Khavessian, N, Khorana, M, Kontou, A, Kostyanev, T, Laoyookhon, P, Lochindarat, S, Larsson, M, Luca, MD, Malhotra-Kumar, S, Mondal, N, Mundhra, N, Musoke, P, Mussi-Pinhata, MM, Nanavati, R, Nakwa, F, Nangia, S, Nankunda, J, Nardone, A, Nyaoke, B, Obiero, CW, Owor, M, Ping, W, Preedisripipat, K, Qazi, S, Qi, L, Ramdin, T, Riddell, A, Romani, L, Roysuwan, P, Saggers, R, Roilides, E, Saha, SK, Sarafidis, K, Tusubira, V, Thomas, R, Velaphi, S, Vilken, T, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Yang, Y, Zunjie, L, Ellis, S, Bielicki, JA, Walker, AS, Heath, PT, Sharland, M

الوصف: BACKGROUND: There is limited data on antibiotic treatment in hospitalized neonates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to describe patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and clinical outcomes, and to develop a severity score predicting mortality in neonatal sepsis to inform future clinical trial design. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Hospitalized infants <60 days with clinical sepsis were enrolled during 2018 to 2020 by 19 sites in 11 countries (mainly Asia and Africa). Prospective daily observational data was collected on clinical signs, supportive care, antibiotic treatment, microbiology, and 28-day mortality. Two prediction models were developed for (1) 28-day mortality from baseline variables (baseline NeoSep Severity Score); and (2) daily risk of death on IV antibiotics from daily updated assessments (NeoSep Recovery Score). Multivariable Cox regression models included a randomly selected 85% of infants, with 15% for validation. A total of 3,204 infants were enrolled, with median birth weight of 2,500 g (IQR 1,400 to 3,000) and postnatal age of 5 days (IQR 1 to 15). 206 different empiric antibiotic combinations were started in 3,141 infants, which were structured into 5 groups based on the World Health Organization (WHO) AWaRe classification. Approximately 25.9% (n = 814) of infants started WHO first line regimens (Group 1-Access) and 13.8% (n = 432) started WHO second-line cephalosporins (cefotaxime/ceftriaxone) (Group 2-"Low" Watch). The largest group (34.0%, n = 1,068) started a regimen providing partial extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/pseudomonal coverage (piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, or fluoroquinolone-based) (Group 3-"Medium" Watch), 18.0% (n = 566) started a carbapenem (Group 4-"High" Watch), and 1.8% (n = 57) a Reserve antibiotic (Group 5, largely colistin-based), and 728/2,880 (25.3%) of initial regimens in Groups 1 to 4 were escalated, mainly to carbapenems, usually for clinical deterioration (n = 480; 65.9%). A total of 564/3,195 infants (17.7%) were blood culture ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf; application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document; application/vnd.ms-excel; image/tiff

العلاقة: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/1/Patterns%20of%20antibiotic%20use,%20pathogens,%20and%20prediction%20of%20mortality%20in%20hospitalized%20neonates%20and%20young%20infants%20with%20sepsis%20A%20.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/10/pmed.1004179.s001.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/15/pmed.1004179.s002.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/20/pmed.1004179.s003.docxTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/23/pmed.1004179.s004.xlsxTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/25/pmed.1004179.s005.xlsxTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/26/pmed.1004179.s006.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/31/pmed.1004179.s007.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/36/pmed.1004179.s008.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/41/pmed.1004179.s009.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/46/pmed.1004179.s010.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/51/pmed.1004179.s011.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/56/pmed.1004179.s012.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/61/pmed.1004179.s013.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/66/pmed.1004179.s014.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/71/pmed.1004179.s015.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/76/pmed.1004179.s016.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/81/pmed.1004179.s017.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/89/pmed.1004179.s018.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/94/pmed.1004179.s019.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/99/pmed.1004179.s020.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/104/pmed.1004179.s021.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/109/pmed.1004179.s022.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/114/pmed.1004179.s023.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/123/pmed.1004179.s024.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/128/pmed.1004179.s025.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/133/pmed.1004179.s026.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/138/pmed.1004179.s027.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/143/pmed.1004179.s028.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/148/pmed.1004179.s029.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/155/pmed.1004179.s030.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/160/pmed.1004179.s031.tifTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/165/pmed.1004179.s032.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/170/pmed.1004179.s033.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/175/pmed.1004179.s034.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/180/pmed.1004179.s035.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/185/pmed.1004179.s036.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/190/pmed.1004179.s037.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/197/pmed.1004179.s038.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/202/pmed.1004179.s039.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/207/pmed.1004179.s040.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/212/pmed.1004179.s041.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/217/pmed.1004179.s042.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/222/pmed.1004179.s043.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/227/pmed.1004179.s044.pdfTest; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/232/pmed.1004179.s045.pdfTest; Russell, NJ; Stöhr, W; Plakkal, N; Cook, A; Berkley, JA; Adhisivam, B; Agarwal, R; Ahmed, NU; Balasegaram, M; Ballot, D; et al. Russell, NJ; Stöhr, W; Plakkal, N; Cook, A; Berkley, JA; Adhisivam, B; Agarwal, R; Ahmed, NU; Balasegaram, M; Ballot, D; Bekker, A; Berezin, EN; Bilardi, D; Boonkasidecha, S; Carvalheiro, CG; Chami, N; Chaurasia, S; Chiurchiu, S; Colas, VRF; Cousens, S; Cressey, TR; de Assis, ACD; Dien, TM; Ding, Y; Dung, NT; Dong, H; Dramowski, A; Ds, M; Dudeja, A; Feng, J; Glupczynski, Y; Goel, S; Goossens, H; Hao, DTH; Khan, MI; Huertas, TM; Islam, MS; Jarovsky, D; Khavessian, N; Khorana, M; Kontou, A; Kostyanev, T; Laoyookhon, P; Lochindarat, S; Larsson, M; Luca, MD; Malhotra-Kumar, S; Mondal, N; Mundhra, N; Musoke, P; Mussi-Pinhata, MM; Nanavati, R; Nakwa, F; Nangia, S; Nankunda, J; Nardone, A; Nyaoke, B; Obiero, CW; Owor, M; Ping, W; Preedisripipat, K; Qazi, S; Qi, L; Ramdin, T; Riddell, A; Romani, L; Roysuwan, P; Saggers, R; Roilides, E; Saha, SK; Sarafidis, K; Tusubira, V; Thomas, R; Velaphi, S; Vilken, T; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zunjie, L; Ellis, S; Bielicki, JA; Walker, AS; Heath, PT; Sharland, M (2023) Patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and prediction of mortality in hospitalized neonates and young infants with sepsis: A global neonatal sepsis observational cohort study (NeoOBS). PLoS Med, 20 (6). e1004179. ISSN 1549-1676 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004179Test SGUL Authors: Sharland, Michael Roy Heath, Paul Trafford

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004179Test
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490Test/
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/1/Patterns%20of%20antibiotic%20use,%20pathogens,%20and%20prediction%20of%20mortality%20in%20hospitalized%20neonates%20and%20young%20infants%20with%20sepsis%20A%20.pdfTest
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/10/pmed.1004179.s001.pdfTest
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/15/pmed.1004179.s002.pdfTest
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/20/pmed.1004179.s003.docxTest
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/23/pmed.1004179.s004.xlsxTest
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/25/pmed.1004179.s005.xlsxTest
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/26/pmed.1004179.s006.pdfTest
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115490/31/pmed.1004179.s007.pdfTest

المؤلفون: de Meo S., Dell'Oste V., Molfetta R., Tassinari V., Lotti L. V., Vespa S., Pignoloni B., Covino D. A., Fantuzzi L., Bona R., Zingoni A., Nardone I., Biolatti M., Coscia A., Paolini R., Benkirane M., Edfors F., Sandalova T., Achour A., Hiscott J., Landolfo S., Santoni A., Cerboni C.

المساهمون: de Meo, S., Dell'Oste, V., Molfetta, R., Tassinari, V., Lotti, L. V., Vespa, S., Pignoloni, B., Covino, D. A., Fantuzzi, L., Bona, R., Zingoni, A., Nardone, I., Biolatti, M., Coscia, A., Paolini, R., Benkirane, M., Edfors, F., Sandalova, T., Achour, A., Hiscott, J., Landolfo, S., Santoni, A., Cerboni, C.

مصطلحات موضوعية: cytomegaloviru, SAMHD1, immune evasion

الوصف: SAMHD1 is a host restriction factor that functions to restrict both retroviruses and DNA viruses, based on its nuclear deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase activity that limits availability of intracellular dNTP pools. In the present study, we demonstrate that SAMHD1 expression was increased following human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, with only a modest effect on infectious virus production. SAMHD1 was rapidly phosphorylated at residue T592 after infection by cellular cyclin-dependent kinases, especially Cdk2, and by the viral kinase pUL97, resulting in a significant fraction of phosho-SAMHD1 being relocalized to the cytoplasm of infected fibroblasts, in association with viral particles and dense bodies. Thus, our findings indicate that HCMV-dependent SAMHD1 cytoplasmic delocalization and inactivation may represent a potential novel mechanism of HCMV evasion from host antiviral restriction activities.

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/32986788; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000576178100001; volume:16; issue:9; firstpage:1; lastpage:24; numberofpages:24; journal:PLOS PATHOGENS; http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1453473Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85092221255

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008855Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1453473Test

المؤلفون: Bove, Samantha, Fanizzi, Annarita, Fadda, Federico, Comes, Maria Colomba, Catino, Annamaria, Cirillo, Angelo, Cristofaro, Cristian, Montrone, Michele, Nardone, Annalisa, Pizzutilo, Pamela, Tufaro, Antonio, Galetta, Domenico, Massafra, Raffaella

المصدر: PLoS ONE; 5/2/2023, Vol. 17 Issue 5, p1-14, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NON-small-cell lung carcinoma, SUPPORT vector machines

مستخلص: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 85% of all new lung cancer diagnoses and presents a high recurrence rate after surgery. Thus, an accurate prediction of recurrence risk in NSCLC patients at diagnosis could be essential to designate risk patients to more aggressive medical treatments. In this manuscript, we apply a transfer learning approach to predict recurrence in NSCLC patients, exploiting only data acquired during its screening phase. Particularly, we used a public radiogenomic dataset of NSCLC patients having a primary tumor CT image and clinical information. Starting from the CT slice containing the tumor with maximum area, we considered three different dilatation sizes to identify three Regions of Interest (ROIs): CROP (without dilation), CROP 10 and CROP 20. Then, from each ROI, we extracted radiomic features by means of different pre-trained CNNs. The latter have been combined with clinical information; thus, we trained a Support Vector Machine classifier to predict the NSCLC recurrence. The classification performances of the devised models were finally evaluated on both the hold-out training and hold-out test sets, in which the original sample has been previously divided. The experimental results showed that the model obtained analyzing CROP 20 images, which are the ROIs containing more peritumoral area, achieved the best performances on both the hold-out training set, with an AUC of 0.73, an Accuracy of 0.61, a Sensitivity of 0.63, and a Specificity of 0.60, and on the hold-out test set, with an AUC value of 0.83, an Accuracy value of 0.79, a Sensitivity value of 0.80, and a Specificity value of 0.78. The proposed model represents a promising procedure for early predicting recurrence risk in NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Zito, Antonino, Roberts, Amy L., Visconti, Alessia, Rossi, Niccolo', Andres-Ejarque, Rosa, Nardone, Stefano, El-Sayed Moustafa, Julia S., Falchi, Mario, Small, Kerrin S.

المصدر: PLoS Genetics; 2/21/2023, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p1-23, 23p

مصطلحات موضوعية: X chromosome, LYMPHOBLASTOID cell lines, TWINS, NATURE & nurture, ECOLOGICAL genetics, TISSUES

مستخلص: X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) silences one X in female cells to balance sex-differences in X-dosage. A subset of X-linked genes escape XCI, but the extent to which this phenomenon occurs and how it varies across tissues and in a population is as yet unclear. To characterize incidence and variability of escape across individuals and tissues, we conducted a transcriptomic study of escape in adipose, skin, lymphoblastoid cell lines and immune cells in 248 healthy individuals exhibiting skewed XCI. We quantify XCI escape from a linear model of genes' allelic fold-change and XIST-based degree of XCI skewing. We identify 62 genes, including 19 lncRNAs, with previously unknown patterns of escape. We find a range of tissue-specificity, with 11% of genes escaping XCI constitutively across tissues and 23% demonstrating tissue-restricted escape, including cell type-specific escape across immune cells of the same individual. We also detect substantial inter-individual variability in escape. Monozygotic twins share more similar escape than dizygotic twins, indicating that genetic factors may underlie inter-individual differences in escape. However, discordant escape also occurs within monozygotic co-twins, suggesting environmental factors also influence escape. Altogether, these data indicate that XCI escape is an under-appreciated source of transcriptional differences, and an intricate phenotype impacting variable trait expressivity in females. Author summary: The difference in the number of X-chromosomes between mammalian males and females is compensated by a process known as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), which turns off one of a female's X chromosomes. XCI is incomplete: some sections of the silenced X chromosome escape inactivation. The 'escape' is complex, and can vary across tissues and potentially across individuals. Because the X chromosome is enriched of genes with immune and neurological functions, this phenomenon has high biomedical relevance. We studied the extent to which escape occurs and varies across tissues and individuals in a large population of twins. We identify novel candidate escape genes, and genes whose escape is specific to a tissue or immune cell type. There is also substantial variability in escape across individuals. Using data from twins, which enable the assessment of the influence of genetics and environment on a trait, we found that both genetic and environmental factors influence escape. Our results allow detailed characterization of escape, and suggest that escape may influence disease risk and phenotype differences between the sexes, and within females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of PLoS Genetics is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Gafos, M., Brodnicki, E., Desai, M., McCormack, S., Nutland, W., Wayal, S., White, E., Wood, G., Barber, T., Bell, G., Clarke, A., Dolling, D., Dunn, D., Fox, J., Haddow, L., Lacey, C., Nardone, A., Quinn, K., Rae, C., Reeves, I., Rayment, M., White, D., Apea, V., Ayap, W., Dewsnap, C., Collaco-Moraes, Y., Schembri, G., Sowunmi, Y., Horne, R., Proud Study Team , .

المساهمون: Law, M

الوصف: Background PROUD participants were randomly assigned to receive pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) immediately or after a deferred period of one-year. We report on the acceptability of this open-label wait-listed trial design. Methods Participants completed an acceptability questionnaire, which included categorical study acceptability data and free-text data on most and least liked aspects of the study. We also conducted in-depth interviews (IDI) with a purposely selected sub-sample of participants. Results Acceptability questionnaires were completed by 76% (415/544) of participants. After controlling for age, immediate-group participants were almost twice as likely as deferred-group participants to complete the questionnaire (AOR:1.86;95%CI:1.24,2.81). In quantitative data, the majority of participants in both groups found the wait-listed design acceptable when measured by satisfaction of joining the study, intention to remain in the study, and interest in joining a subsequent study. However, three-quarters thought that the chance of being in the deferred-group might put other volunteers off joining the study. In free-text responses, data collection tools were the most frequently reported least liked aspect of the study. A fifth of deferred participants reported ‘being deferred’ as the thing they least liked about the study. However, more deferred participants disliked the data collection tools than the fact that they had to wait a year to access PrEP. Participants in the IDIs had a good understanding of the rationale for the open-label wait-listed study design. Most accepted the design but acknowledged they were, or would have been, disappointed to be randomised to the deferred group. Five of the 25 participants interviewed reported some objection to the wait-listed design. Conclusion The quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that in an environment where PrEP was not available, the rationale for the wait-listed trial design was well understood and generally acceptable to most participants in this study.

وصف الملف: text

العلاقة: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/121409/1/Acceptability%20of%20an%20open-label%20wait-listed%20trial%20design%3A%20Experiences%20from%20the%20PROUD%20PrEP%20study.pdfTest; Gafos, M., Brodnicki, E., Desai, M. et al. (27 more authors) (2017) Acceptability of an open-label wait-listed trial design: Experiences from the PROUD PrEP study. PLOS ONE, 12 (4). e0175596.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175596Test
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/121409Test/
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/121409/1/Acceptability%20of%20an%20open-label%20wait-listed%20trial%20design%3A%20Experiences%20from%20the%20PROUD%20PrEP%20study.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Gafos, Mitzy, Brodnicki, Elizabeth, Desai, Monica, McCormack, Sheena, Nutland, Will, Wayal, Sonali, White, Ellen, Wood, Gemma, Barber, Tristan, Bell, Gill, Clarke, Amanda, Dolling, David, Dunn, David, Fox, Julie, Haddow, Lewis, Lacey, Charles, Nardone, Anthony, Quinn, Killian, Rae, Caroline, Reeves, Iain, Rayment, Michael, White, David, Apea, Vanessa, Ayap, Wilbert, Dewsnap, Claire, Collaco-Moraes, Yolanda, Schembri, Gabriel, Sowunmi, Yinka, Horne, Rob, PROUD Study Team

الوصف: BACKGROUND: PROUD participants were randomly assigned to receive pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) immediately or after a deferred period of one-year. We report on the acceptability of this open-label wait-listed trial design. METHODS: Participants completed an acceptability questionnaire, which included categorical study acceptability data and free-text data on most and least liked aspects of the study. We also conducted in-depth interviews (IDI) with a purposely selected sub-sample of participants. RESULTS: Acceptability questionnaires were completed by 76% (415/544) of participants. After controlling for age, immediate-group participants were almost twice as likely as deferred-group participants to complete the questionnaire (AOR:1.86;95%CI:1.24,2.81). In quantitative data, the majority of participants in both groups found the wait-listed design acceptable when measured by satisfaction of joining the study, intention to remain in the study, and interest in joining a subsequent study. However, three-quarters thought that the chance of being in the deferred-group might put other volunteers off joining the study. In free-text responses, data collection tools were the most frequently reported least liked aspect of the study. A fifth of deferred participants reported 'being deferred' as the thing they least liked about the study. However, more deferred participants disliked the data collection tools than the fact that they had to wait a year to access PrEP. Participants in the IDIs had a good understanding of the rationale for the open-label wait-listed study design. Most accepted the design but acknowledged they were, or would have been, disappointed to be randomised to the deferred group. Five of the 25 participants interviewed reported some objection to the wait-listed design. CONCLUSION: The quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that in an environment where PrEP was not available, the rationale for the wait-listed trial design was well understood and generally acceptable to most participants in this ...

وصف الملف: text

العلاقة: https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4258962/1/Acceptability%20of%20an%20open-label%20wait-listed%20trial%20design_Gold%20VoR.pdfTest; Gafos, Mitzy ; Brodnicki, Elizabeth; Desai, Monica; McCormack, Sheena; Nutland, Will ; Wayal, Sonali; White, Ellen; Wood, Gemma; Barber, Tristan; Bell, Gill; +20 more. Clarke, Amanda; Dolling, David; Dunn, David; Fox, Julie; Haddow, Lewis; Lacey, Charles; Nardone, Anthony; Quinn, Killian; Rae, Caroline; Reeves, Iain; Rayment, Michael; White, David; Apea, Vanessa; Ayap, Wilbert; Dewsnap, Claire; Collaco-Moraes, Yolanda; Schembri, Gabriel; Sowunmi, Yinka; Horne, Rob; PROUD Study Team; (2017) Acceptability of an open-label wait-listed trial design: Experiences from the PROUD PrEP study. PloS one, 12 (4). e0175596-. ISSN 1932-6203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175596Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175596Test
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4258962Test/
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4258962/1/Acceptability%20of%20an%20open-label%20wait-listed%20trial%20design_Gold%20VoR.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Bergeri, Isabel, Whelan, Mairead G., Ware, Harriet, Subissi, Lorenzo, Nardone, Anthony, Lewis, Hannah C., Li, Zihan, Ma, Xiaomeng, Valenciano, Marta, Cheng, Brianna, Al Ariqi, Lubna, Rashidian, Arash, Okeibunor, Joseph, Azim, Tasnim, Wijesinghe, Pushpa, Le, Linh-Vi, Vaughan, Aisling, Pebody, Richard, Vicari, Andrea, Yan, Tingting, Yanes-Lane, Mercedes, Cao, Christian, Clifton, David A., Cheng, Matthew P., Papenburg, Jesse, Buckeridge, David, Bobrovitz, Niklas, Arora, Rahul K., Van Kerkhove, Maria D.

المصدر: PLoS Med

مصطلحات موضوعية: Research Article, demo, envir

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Our understanding of the global scale of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains incomplete: Routine surveillance data underestimate infection and cannot infer on population immunity; there is a predominance of asymptomatic infections, and uneven access to diagnostics. We meta-analyzed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies, standardized to those described in the World Health Organization’s Unity protocol (WHO Unity) for general population seroepidemiological studies, to estimate the extent of population infection and seropositivity to the virus 2 years into the pandemic. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, preprints, and grey literature for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence published between January 1, 2020 and May 20, 2022. The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020183634). We included general population cross-sectional and cohort studies meeting an assay quality threshold (90% sensitivity, 97% specificity; exceptions for humanitarian settings). We excluded studies with an unclear or closed population sample frame. Eligible studies—those aligned with the WHO Unity protocol—were extracted and critically appraised in duplicate, with risk of bias evaluated using a modified Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. We meta-analyzed seroprevalence by country and month, pooling to estimate regional and global seroprevalence over time; compared seroprevalence from infection to confirmed cases to estimate underascertainment; meta-analyzed differences in seroprevalence between demographic subgroups such as age and sex; and identified national factors associated with seroprevalence using meta-regression. We identified 513 full texts reporting 965 distinct seroprevalence studies (41% low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]) sampling 5,346,069 participants between January 2020 and April 2022, including 459 low/moderate risk of bias studies with national/subnational scope in further analysis. By .

العلاقة: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9648705Test/

الإتاحة: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9648705Test/

المؤلفون: Vinay Devadenam, William E. Copeland, James J. Hudziak, Jeff Rettew, Hilary Nardone, David C. Rettew, Yang Bai, Ellen W. McGinnis

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e0248895 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Personality Tests, Agreeableness, Male, Time Factors, Psychometrics, Adolescent, Universities, Epidemiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Emotions, Social Sciences, Psychological Stress, Anxiety, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Adaptation, Psychological, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Personality, Humans, Big Five personality traits, Students, Pandemics, media_common, Personality Traits, Multidisciplinary, Extraversion and introversion, Biology and Life Sciences, Correction, COVID-19, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, 030227 psychiatry, Mood, Mental Health, Medicine, Female, Personality Assessment Inventory, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Personality traits have been found to be related to a variety of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine how personality traits were associated with adjustment to the COVID pandemic in college students. The sample included 484 first-year university students (76% female) attending a northeastern university who completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) personality assessment at the beginning of a semester that was disrupted by the COVID pandemic. Using a phone-based app, students completed daily ratings of mood, perceived stress levels, and engagement in a number of health promotion activities (exercise, mindfulness, adequate sleep, etc.) throughout the semester both before and after the onset of the pandemic (e.g., a within-person longitudinal design). Results, as expected, showed that mood and wellness indices generally declined during the COVID period, although stress levels actually decreased. Further, irrespective of COVID, improved mood, less perceived stress and greater participation in health promotion activities were significantly associated with a number of personality traits including neuroticism (lower), extraversion (higher), agreeableness (higher), and conscientiousness (higher). Of primary interest, mixed-effects models were used to test how major personality traits interacted with any changes in daily ratings from the pre-COVID to COVID period. Significant interactions terms were found suggesting differential impacts of the COVID epidemic for students with low versus high levels of particular traits. Higher levels of extraversion, for example, were found to be related to decreases in mood as the pandemic progressed in contrast to those with lower extraversion, for whom there was a slight increase in mood over time. These data support the conclusion that personality traits are related to mental health and can play a role in a person’s ability to cope with major stressful events. Different traits may also be more adaptive to different types of stressors.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::80f10ef154dc028a9b92543dff1ccf54Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8550417Test

المؤلفون: Chertow, Jessica H, Alkaitis, Matthew S, Nardone, Glenn, Ikeda, Allison K, Cunnington, Aubrey J, Okebe, Joseph, Ebonyi, Augustine O, Njie, Madi, Correa, Simon, Jayasooriya, Shamanthi, Casals-Pascual, Climent, Billker, Oliver, Conway, David J, Walther, Michael, Ackerman, Hans

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cell and Molecular Biology, Cell- och molekylärbiologi

الوصف: Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) signaling may contribute to pathological activation of the vascular endothelium during severe malaria infection. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) regulates endothelial NO synthesis by maintaining homeostasis between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and arginine, the NOS substrate. We carried out a community-based case-control study of Gambian children to determine whether ADMA and arginine homeostasis is disrupted during severe or uncomplicated malaria infections. Circulating plasma levels of ADMA and arginine were determined at initial presentation and 28 days later. Plasma ADMA/arginine ratios were elevated in children with acute severe malaria compared to 28-day follow-up values and compared to children with uncomplicated malaria or healthy children (p<0.0001 for each comparison). To test the hypothesis that DDAH1 is inactivated during Plasmodium infection, we examined DDAH1 in a mouse model of severe malaria. Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection inactivated hepatic DDAH1 via a post-transcriptional mechanism as evidenced by stable mRNA transcript number, decreased DDAH1 protein concentration, decreased enzyme activity, elevated tissue ADMA, elevated ADMA/arginine ratio in plasma, and decreased whole blood nitrite concentration. Loss of hepatic DDAH1 activity and disruption of ADMA/arginine homeostasis may contribute to severe malaria pathogenesis by inhibiting NO synthesis.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: PLoS Pathogens, 1553-7366, 2015, 11:9; orcid:0000-0003-1716-168x; http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165850Test; PMID 26407009; ISI:000362269800009; Scopus 2-s2.0-84943550981

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005119Test
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165850Test