Changing Patterns of Human Anthrax in Azerbaijan during the Post-Soviet and Preemptive Livestock Vaccination Eras
| العنوان: | Changing Patterns of Human Anthrax in Azerbaijan during the Post-Soviet and Preemptive Livestock Vaccination Eras |
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| المؤلفون: | Narmin Ustun, Ian T. Kracalik, Kliment Asadov, Mazahir Shikhiyev, Rita Ismayilova, Mehriban Baghirova, Jason K. Blackburn, Aydin Talibzade, Rakif Abdullayev |
| المصدر: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e2985 (2014) |
| بيانات النشر: | Public Library of Science, 2014. |
| سنة النشر: | 2014 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Computer and Information Sciences, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Spatial Epidemiology, Azerbaijan, Livestock, lcsh:RC955-962, Epidemiology, Distribution (economics), Social Sciences, Anthrax Vaccines, Disease cluster, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Anthrax, Environmental protection, Geoinformatics, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Animals, Humans, Geostatistics, Socioeconomics, Population Biology, Geography, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Incidence, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Annual Percent Change, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, One Health, Earth Sciences, business, Research Article |
| الوصف: | We assessed spatial and temporal changes in the occurrence of human anthrax in Azerbaijan during 1984 through 2010. Data on livestock outbreaks, vaccination efforts, and human anthrax incidence during Soviet governance, post-Soviet governance, preemptive livestock vaccination were analyzed. To evaluate changes in the spatio-temporal distribution of anthrax, we used a combination of spatial analysis, cluster detection, and weighted least squares segmented regression. Results indicated an annual percent change in incidence of +11.95% from 1984 to 1995 followed by declining rate of −35.24% after the initiation of livestock vaccination in 1996. Our findings also revealed geographic variation in the spatial distribution of reporting; cases were primarily concentrated in the west early in the study period and shifted eastward as time progressed. Over twenty years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the distribution of human anthrax in Azerbaijan has undergone marked changes. Despite decreases in the incidence of human anthrax, continued control measures in livestock are needed to mitigate its occurrence. The shifting patterns of human anthrax highlight the need for an integrated “One Health” approach that takes into account the changing geographic distribution of the disease. Author Summary Zoonotic diseases, such as anthrax, represent a threat to public and veterinary health in many developing parts of the world. Control of anthrax is dependent upon several factors, including proper management of outbreaks and livestock vaccination. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, resources for disease management in Azerbaijan were dramatically diminished leading to increases in zoonotic diseases. In this study, our objective was to analyze human anthrax incidence during Soviet governance, post-Soviet governance, and after the implementation of a preemptive livestock vaccination campaign to identify potential changes in the occurrence of the disease. We applied spatial and temporal statistical approaches in a geographic information system to describe changes. Our findings provide evidence of a changing incidence and a shift in the geographic patterns of human anthrax. These findings highlight the importance of proper livestock disease management to mitigate human disease and the need for dynamic surveillance that takes into account changes in the distribution of disease. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1935-2735 1935-2727 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a4fabfdcd4763f9c080c44f8cab861f4Test http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4102439Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....a4fabfdcd4763f9c080c44f8cab861f4 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 19352735 19352727 |
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