المؤلفون: Jinyi Lan, Lei Ren, Yifan Wei, Lina Gao, Bo Liu, Annan Chen

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 9, p e0222521 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Phenylalanine, Pharmacology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Paraquat, Drug Metabolism, Malondialdehyde, Medicine and Health Sciences, Metabolites, Immune Response, Lung, Protein Metabolism, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, biology, Poisoning, Lung Injury, Enzymes, Chemistry, Dismutases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Metabolic Pathways, Research Article, Nicotine, Science, Immunology, Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, Lung injury, Superoxide dismutase, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Alkaloids, Diagnostic Medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, Animals, Metabolomics, Pharmacokinetics, Inflammation, Reactive oxygen species, Nicotinamide, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Superoxide Dismutase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Hydantoins, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Metabolism, chemistry, biology.protein, Enzymology

الوصف: Paraquat (PQ), one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide, causes severe toxic effects in humans and animals. 1-methylhydantoin (MH) is an active ingredient of Ranae Oviductus, which has broad pharmacological activities, e.g., eliminating reactive oxygen species and inhibiting inflammation. This study investigated the effects of MH on lung injury induced by PQ. A PQ poisoning model was established by intragastric infusion of PQ (25 mg/kg), and the control group was simultaneously gavaged with the same dose of saline. The MH group was intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg once per day after intragastric infusion of PQ (25 mg/kg) for five consecutive days. All animals were sacrificed on the sixth day, and the lung tissues were dissected for metabolomics analysis. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined according to the instructions of the detection kit. Compared with that in the control group, the content of LDH, TNF-α and MDA in the lung tissue of the PQ group was significantly higher, and the activity of SOD in the lung tissue was significantly lower (all p 0.05). There were significant differences in MDA and TNF-α content between the PQ group and MH group (all p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2cf208f421c9446121c92dcdc3eca018Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6764654Test

المؤلفون: Marzia Govoni, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Marcella Manerba, Antonietta Comparone, Lorenza Di Ianni

المساهمون: Manerba M, Di Ianni L, Govoni M, Comparone A, Di Stefano G.

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 8, p e0202588 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Metabolic Processes, Carcinogenesis, Cell, Enzyme Metabolism, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Glucose Metabolism, Breast Tumors, Medicine and Health Sciences, Insulin, Phosphorylation, lcsh:Science, Enzyme Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Kinase, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Mitochondria, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Isoenzymes, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Cell Processes, MCF-7 Cells, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Female, Biological Cultures, Glycolysis, Research Article, Cell Physiology, Breast Neoplasms, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Biological Sciences (all), Lactate dehydrogenase, Breast Cancer, medicine, Humans, Kinase activity, Clonogenic assay, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Cell Proliferation, Diabetic Endocrinology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Cancers and Neoplasms, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, Cell Cultures, Hormones, Cell Metabolism, 030104 developmental biology, Metabolism, chemistry, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Enzymology, lcsh:Q, Lactate Dehydrogenase 5

الوصف: mTOR kinase and the A isoform of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-A) are key players controlling the metabolic characteristics of cancer cells. By using cultured human breast cells as a “metabolic tumor” model, we attempted to explore the correlation between these two factors. “Metabolic tumors” are defined as neoplastic conditions frequently associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, such as hyper-insulinemia and hyper-glycemia. MCF-7 cells (a well differentiated carcinoma) and MCF-10A cells (a widely used model for studying normal breast cell transformation) were used in this study. These cells were exposed to known factors triggering mTOR activation. In both treated cultures, we evaluated the link between mTOR kinase activity and the level of LDH expression / function. Furthermore, we elaborated the metabolic changes produced in cells by the mTOR-directed LDH-A up-regulation. Interestingly, we observed that in the non-neoplastic MCF-10A culture, mTOR-directed up-regulation of LDH-A was followed by a reprogramming of cell metabolism, which showed an increased dependence on glycolysis rather than on oxidative reactions. As a consequence, lactate production appeared to be enhanced and cells began to display increased self-renewal and clonogenic power: signals suggestive of neoplastic change. Enhanced clono-genicity of cells was abolished by rapamycin treatment, and furthermore heavily reduced by LDH enzymatic inhibition. These results highlighted a mechanistic link between metabolic alterations and tumorigenesis, whereby suggesting LDH inhibition as a possible chemo-preventive measure to target the metabolic alterations driving neoplastic change.

وصف الملف: ELETTRONICO

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b18a875a6e8b07c5759c0910244aecd7Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6107208Test

المؤلفون: Xiaomeng Zhang, Dan Zhang, Fan Li, Yi-Zhu Dong, Zhi-Jian Lin, Bing Zhang

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e0216948 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Proteomics, Cell signaling, Interaction Networks, Traditional Chinese medicine, Pharmacology, Signal transduction, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Computational Chemistry, Medicine and Health Sciences, Hyperuricemia, Liver injury, Multidisciplinary, Eukaryota, Signaling cascades, Rutaecarpine, Plants, Molecular Docking, Chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical Sciences, Alkaline phosphatase, Medicine, Protein Interaction Networks, Network Analysis, Research Article, Cell biology, Computer and Information Sciences, MAPK signaling cascades, Bioinformatics, Science, Herbs, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Evodiamine, Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine, Molecular Biology, Biology and life sciences, Organisms, Traditional medicine, medicine.disease, Tetrandrine, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Complementary and alternative medicine

الوصف: As an important part of the comprehensive treatment methods, the urate-lowering Chinese herbs could provide favorable clinical effects on hyperuricemia in its ability to invigorate spleen and remove dampness. Owing to the long-term duration, it brought up the potential adverse reactions (ADRs) and concerns about the drug-induced liver injury from these herbs. To address this problem, the bioinformatics approaches which combined the network pharmacology, computer simulation and molecular biology experiments were undertaken to elucidate the underlying drug-induced liver injury molecular mechanisms of urate-lowering Chinese herbs. Several electronic databases were searched to identify the potential liver injury compounds in published research. Then, the putative target profile of liver injury was predicted, and the interaction network was constructed based on the links between the compounds, corresponding targets and core pathways. Accordingly, the molecular docking simulation was performed to recognize the representative compounds with hepatotoxicity. Finally, the cell experiments were conducted to investigate the biochemical indicators and expression of the crucial protein that were closely associated with liver injury. In conclusion, the current research revealed that the compounds with potential liver injury including diosgenin, baicalin, saikosaponin D, tetrandrine, rutaecarpine and evodiamine from urate-lowering Chinese herbs, could lead to decline the survival rate of L-02 cell, increase the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cell-culture medium, enhance the expression of p-p38/p38, while the p38 inhibitor could achieve the trend of regulating and controlling liver injury. These research findings bring further support to the growing evidence that the mechanism of the liver injury induced by the compounds from urate-lowering Chinese herbs may be associated with the activation of p38α.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bfe6b7b0150548574e810af718143bbeTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6541264Test

المؤلفون: Masutaka Furue, Takeshi Nakahara, Takahito Chiba, Toshio Ichiki, Futoshi Kohda, Motomu Manabe

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 1, p e0210013 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Lipoxygenase, Eczema, Atopic Dermatitis, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Epoxides, Allergies, Medicine and Health Sciences, Musculoskeletal System, Barrier function, Forearms, Liquid Chromatography, Epoxide Hydrolases, Multidisciplinary, Allergic Diseases, integumentary system, Organic Compounds, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Chromatographic Techniques, Fatty Acids, Atopic dermatitis, Lipids, Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Arms, Chemistry, Clinical Laboratories, medicine.anatomical_structure, Linoleic Acids, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Anatomy, Research Article, Ethers, Adult, Ceramide, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Linoleic acid, Immunology, Dermatology, Research and Analysis Methods, Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase, Dermatitis, Atopic, Linoleic Acid, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Medicine, Internal medicine, Lipid Structure, medicine, Stratum corneum, Humans, Transepidermal water loss, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, body regions, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Body Limbs, Clinical Immunology, Triol, Chemokine CCL17, Clinical Medicine, Biomarkers, Chromatography, Liquid

الوصف: Epidermal ceramides are indispensable lipids that maintain the functions of the stratum corneum. Esterified omega-hydroxyacyl-sphingosine (EOS) ceramide with a linoleate moiety is one of the most important ceramide species for forming cornified lipid envelopes. This linoleate moiety is eventually metabolized to trihydroxy-linoleic acid (triol, 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11E-octadecenoic acid). Thus, we assumed that a decrease of triols might reflect skin barrier dysfunction. Against this background, the purposes of this study were to measure the triols by a simple tape-stripping method and to determine the correlation between the amount of triols and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as an indicator of barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis patients. Twenty Japanese subjects with normal skin and 20 atopic dermatitis patients were enrolled in this study. TEWL was measured and triols of the stratum corneum were analyzed by tape-stripping. The results showed for the first time that triols in the stratum corneum could be simply measured using the tape-stripping method. The triol levels in atopic dermatitis patients were much higher than those in healthy subjects. Moreover, the triol levels correlated with TEWL of non-lesional forearm skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. The results suggest that the assaying of triol levels via non-invasive tape-stripping could be beneficial for monitoring barrier function in atopic dermatitis.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::69ddf71d5e9ba6e0e2e4fb5452bdab78Test
http://hdl.handle.net/10295/00006318Test

المؤلفون: Mahmoud R. Abd Ellah, Barbara A. Fox, Makoto Igarashi, Mohamed Hassan Karram, David J. Bzik, Abdelbaset Eweda Abdelbaset

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 3, p e0173745 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Mutant, lcsh:Medicine, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Centrifugation, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biochemistry, Toxoplasma Gondii, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene Knockout Techniques, Random Allocation, Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:Science, Cells, Cultured, Protozoans, Mutation, Vaccines, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Multidisciplinary, biology, Virulence, Vaccination, Infectious Disease Immunology, Phenotype, Recombinant Proteins, Isoenzymes, Separation Processes, Infectious Diseases, Female, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Research Article, Infectious Disease Control, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Research and Analysis Methods, Isozyme, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Lactate dehydrogenase, Parasite Groups, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Escherichia coli, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, lcsh:R, Organisms, Toxoplasma gondii, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Parasitic Protozoans, Chronic infection, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Tachyzoites, lcsh:Q, Parasitology, Clinical Immunology, Clinical Medicine, Apicomplexa

الوصف: application/pdf
In the asexual stages, Toxoplasma gondii stage converts between acute phase rapidly replicating tachyzoites and chronic phase slowly dividing bradyzoites. Correspondingly, T. gondii differentially expresses two distinct genes and isoforms of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, expressing LDH1 exclusively in the tachyzoite stage and LDH2 preferentially in the bradyzoite stage. LDH catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate in anaerobic growth conditions and is utilized for energy supply, however, the precise role of LDH1 and LDH2 in parasite biology in the asexual stages is still unclear. Here, we investigated the biological role of LDH1 and LDH2 in the asexual stages, and the vaccine strain potential of deletion mutants lacking LDH1, LDH2, or both genes (Delta ldh1, Delta ldh2 and Delta ldh1/2). Deletion of LDH1 reduced acute parasite virulence, impaired bradyzoite differentiation in vitro, and markedly reduced chronic stage cyst burdens in vivo. In contrast, deletion of LDH2 impaired chronic stage cyst burdens without affecting virulence or bradyzoite differentiation. Deletion of both LDH1 and LDH2 induced a more severe defect in chronic stage cyst burdens. These LDH mutant phenotypes were not associated with any growth defect. Vaccination of mice with a low dose of mutants deleted for LDH elicited effective protective immunity to lethal challenge infection, demonstrating the vaccine potential of LDH deletion mutants. These results suggest that lactate dehydrogenase in T. gondii controls virulence, bradyzoite differentiation, and chronic infection and reveals the potential of LDH mutants as vaccine strains.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::fdf4a061e23e2894cc37ddafca306047Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5360243Test

المؤلفون: Yuji Tajiri, Satomi Kakino, Tsuyoshi Ohki, Yayoi Kurita, Kentaro Yamada, Hitomi Nakayama, Xiaohong Yuan, Kento Hara, Eri Soejima, Kayo Tanaka

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 3, p e0191147 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, X-Box Binding Protein 1, lcsh:Medicine, Gene Expression, Apoptosis, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Biochemistry, Epithelium, eIF-2 Kinase, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:Science, Caspase, Cells, Cultured, Caspase 7, Caspase 8, Multidisciplinary, Secretory Pathway, biology, Cell Death, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Chemistry, Organic Compounds, Caspase 3, Monosaccharides, Ketones, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Caspase Inhibitors, Endothelial stem cell, Cell Processes, Physical Sciences, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, XBP1, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Cell Survival, Carbohydrates, Protective Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, DNA-binding proteins, medicine, Genetics, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, Gene Regulation, Viability assay, RNA, Messenger, Protein kinase A, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, ATF6, Endoplasmic reticulum, lcsh:R, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Endothelial Cells, Proteins, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, Hypoglycemia, Regulatory Proteins, Activating Transcription Factor 6, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Glucose, Biological Tissue, Metabolic Disorders, biology.protein, Unfolded protein response, lcsh:Q, Acids, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors

الوصف: Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which severe hypoglycemia accelerates vascular complications. Furthermore, we assessed the possible protective effect of ketone bodies against the endothelial cell damage caused by glucose deficiency. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured at a glucose level of either 0.56 or 5.6 mmol/L with or without 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) supplementation. Cell viability was assessed with a CCK-8 assay and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The activity of caspases was measured using fluorogenic substrates. The expression of genes associated with endothelial cell function and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Protein levels of ER stress-related molecules were assessed by Western blotting. Results Culture of HUVECs in low-glucose medium for 24 or 48 h resulted in reduction of cell viability accompanied by activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-8. The addition of a pan caspase inhibitor attenuated the cell death. After incubation in the low-glucose medium, we found reduced mRNA and protein levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. ER stress responses mediated by phosphorylation of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) were augmented, but X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) splicing was reduced. Most of these responses to glucose deficiency were significantly attenuated by supplementation with 3-HB. Conclusions/interpretation These observations showed that exposure to low glucose induces ER stress, caspase activation, endothelial cell dysfunction and cell death. The beneficial effects of 3-HB shown in this study suggest that hypoketonemic severe hypoglycemia induced by insulin injections or insulin secretagogue administration may be more harmful than hyperketonemic severe hypoglycemia.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::57196edcd6386b18b5e3c78a24917406Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5858752Test

المؤلفون: Zonghong Long, Guangyou Duan, Xiaoxiao Wu, Hong Li, Zhuoxi Wu, Yuqi Gao, Tingting Yi, Feng Chen

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 7, p e0181903 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Proteomics, Male, Physiology, Protein Expression, lcsh:Medicine, Apoptosis, Diazo Compounds, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, Reductase, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electron Transport Complex III, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Inner mitochondrial membrane, lcsh:Science, Energy-Producing Organelles, Cardioprotection, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Multidisciplinary, Cell Death, Chemistry, Organic Compounds, Mitochondria, Electrophysiology, Cell Processes, Physical Sciences, Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial, Mitochondrial Membranes, Cellular Structures and Organelles, medicine.drug, Research Article, Cardiotonic Agents, Imaging Techniques, Down-Regulation, Bioenergetics, Research and Analysis Methods, Membrane Potential, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Downregulation and upregulation, Lactate dehydrogenase, Fluorescence Imaging, Diazoxide, medicine, Gene Expression and Vector Techniques, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Animals, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, Myocardium, lcsh:R, Organic Chemistry, Troponin I, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Rats, Oxygen, 030104 developmental biology, Glucose, Ischemic preconditioning, lcsh:Q, Mitochondrial Membrane

الوصف: This study aimed to use long-term diazoxide treatment to establish a loss-of-cardioprotection model and then perform proteomics analysis to explore which proteins of mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) are potentially involved in delayed cardioprotection. Rats received 1 to 8 weeks of diazoxide treatments (20 mg•kg-1•d-1) to establish a loss-of-cardioprotection model in different groups. Detection of serum cTnI levels and cell apoptosis assays in heart tissue were performed. Then, rats MIM after 0, 4 and 6 weeks of diazoxide treatment was isolated and proteomics analysis was performed. An invitro model of H9C2 cells was performed to explore the effects of targeted protein on delayed cardioprotection. The effect of delayed cardioprotection by diazoxide preconditioning disappeared when diazoxide treatments were given for six weeks or longer. Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) was identified in the proteomics analysis. UQCRC1 expression was upregulated by diazoxide treatment in H9C2 cells, and UQCRC1 down-regulation could increase the lactate dehydrogenase release and apoptosis rate after injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation. These results showed that UQCRC1 might contribute to the loss-of-cardioprotection model induced by long-term diazoxide treatment and play a role in delayed cardioprotection.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::8eef2fea028334eb6612d989b91b1aadTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5531499Test

المؤلفون: Jintian He, Tian Wang, Weipeng Su, Zhixiong Ying, Xiang Zhong, Lili Zhang, L. L. Zhang, Chao Wang

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 7, p e0181136 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Swine, lcsh:Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, chemistry.chemical_compound, Random Allocation, Intestinal mucosa, Antibiotics, Medicine and Health Sciences, Nanotechnology, Intestinal Mucosa, lcsh:Science, Animal Management, Mammals, Gastrointestinal tract, Multidisciplinary, Sulfates, Antimicrobials, Drugs, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Chemistry, Zinc, Biochemistry, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Anatomy, Zinc Oxide, medicine.drug, Research Article, Chemical Elements, Diarrhea, chemistry.chemical_element, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weaning, Microbiology, Transaminase, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, Microbial Control, medicine, Animals, Pharmacology, Animal Performance, Colistin, lcsh:R, Body Weight, 0402 animal and dairy science, Diamine oxidase activity, Organisms, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Gastrointestinal Tract, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Amniotes, Dietary Supplements, Nanoparticles, lcsh:Q, Salts, Digestive System, Biomarkers

الوصف: The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnOs) as a substitute for colistin sulfate (CS) and/or zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, serum enzymes, zinc deposition, intestinal morphology and epithelial barrier in weaned piglets. A total of 216 crossbred Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 23 days were randomly assigned into 3 groups, which were fed with basal diets supplemented with 20 mg/kg CS (CS group), 20mg/kg CS+3000 mg/kg ZnO (CS+ZnO group), and 1200 mg/kg nano-ZnOs (nano-ZnO group) for 14 days. Results indicated that compared to CS group, supplementation of 1200 mg/kg nano-ZnOs (about 30 nm) significantly increased final body weight and average daily gain, and 3000 mg/kg ZnO plus colistin sulfate significantly increased average daily gain and decreased diarrhea rate in weaned piglets. There was no significant difference in growth performance and diarrhea rate between nano-ZnO and CS+ZnO groups. Supplementation of nano-ZnOs did not affect serum enzymes (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase), but significantly increased plasma and tissue zinc concentrations (liver, tibia), improved intestinal morphology (increased duodenal and ileal villus length, crypt depth, and villus surface), enhanced mRNA expression of ZO-1 in ileal mucosa, and significantly decreased diamine oxidase activity in plasma, total aerobic bacterial population in MLN as compared to CS group. Effects of nano-ZnOs on serum enzymes, intestinal morphology, and mRNA expressions of tight junction were similar to those of high dietary ZnO plus colistin sulfate, while nano-ZnOs significantly reduced zinc concentrations of liver, tibia, and feces, and decreased total aerobic bacterial population in MLN as compared to CS+ZnO group. These results suggested that nano-ZnOs (1200 mg/kg) might be used as a substitute for colistin sulfate and high dietary ZnO in weaned piglets.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3fe6b504ee03c1de77925f0e7f449be0Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5509312Test

المؤلفون: Mark Phillippe, Sharareh Adeli

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 6, p e0178845 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Lipopolysaccharides, Embryology, Physiology, Placenta, lcsh:Medicine, Organic chemistry, Apoptosis, chemistry.chemical_compound, White Blood Cells, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Vitamin C, lcsh:Science, bcl-2-Associated X Protein, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Multidisciplinary, biology, Cell Death, Chemistry, Vitamins, Body Fluids, Laboratory Equipment, Physical sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood, Cell-free fetal DNA, Cell Processes, Engineering and Technology, Female, Biological Cultures, Anatomy, Cellular Types, Research Article, Chemical Elements, Programmed cell death, Immune Cells, Immunology, Equipment, Research and Analysis Methods, Blood Plasma, Proinflammatory cytokine, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Chemical compounds, Bcl-2-associated X protein, Lactate dehydrogenase, Organic compounds, medicine, Animals, Tissue Cultures, Blood Cells, Interleukin-6, Macrophages, lcsh:R, Reproductive System, Trophoblast, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Culture Media, Oxygen, 030104 developmental biology, RAW 264.7 Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, Developmental Biology

الوصف: Although suggested that "fetal" cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is derived from trophoblast cells, the exact origin is unclear. The studies in this report sought to demonstrate that placental tissue releases cfDNA in parallel with cell death, that the size range of cfDNA is similar to that found in maternal plasma, and that the cfDNA fragments are able to stimulate a proinflammatory cytokine response. Placentas were harvested from near term pregnant CD-1 mice and cultured in DMEM/Ham's F12/FBS media in 8% or 21% O2. After centrifugation to remove cells and cellular debris, the cfDNA was extracted from the media and quantified by DNA spectrophotometry. The cfDNA fragments were sized using a 1.5% TAE gel. Cell death was quantified by lactate dehydrogenase assay; and tissue homogenates were used to quantify caspase activity and BAX expression. Cultured RAW-264.7 macrophage cells were used to determine IL6 stimulation by cfDNA. The cfDNA levels released in 8% O2 (placental normoxia) were not significantly different from explants cultured in 21% O2 (placental hyperoxia). The cfDNA fragments ranged in size from < 100 -< 400 bp. The cfDNA release increased when cultured with LPS, whereas it decreased with trolox (vitamin E analog). Explant release of cfDNA increased in parallel with cell death. The cfDNA release and cell death of trophoblast appears to involve components of the apoptosis signaling pathway as suggested by LPS enhancement of placental caspase activity, suppression of cfDNA release by a pan-caspase inhibitor and the trend toward increased Bax protein expression. Studies with cultured macrophage cells confirmed the ability of cfDNA to stimulate an IL6 response. In summary, these studies have confirmed the ability of placental tissue to release significant amounts of cfDNA, a phenomenon that appears to be mediated, at least in part, by apoptosis; and that the cfDNA released by the placental explants is able to stimulate a significant proinflammatory response. Thus, these studies provide support for the hypothesis that cell-free fetal DNA released by placental tissue potentially plays a mechanistically important role during the events leading to the onset of parturition.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::344836b9161d06fd0d081a2bc4b9c497Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5473530Test

المؤلفون: Shirley O’Dea, Valeria Annibaldi, Louise Gallagher, Joanne Mulholland, Emer L. Molloy, Conor J. Breen, Jennifer L. Gilbert, Darren S. Martin, Michael Maguire, Fitz-Roy Curry

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 3, p e0174779 (2017)
PLoS ONE

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cell Membranes, Glycobiology, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, Toxicology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry, Mechanical Treatment of Specimens, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Delivery Systems, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Fluorescence Microscopy, Isotonic, Medicine and Health Sciences, Fluorescence microscope, lcsh:Science, Glucans, Microscopy, Microscopy, Confocal, Multidisciplinary, Organic Compounds, Electroporation, Light Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, humanities, Chemistry, Salt solution, Dextran, Specimen Disruption, Spectrophotometry, Physical Sciences, Cytophotometry, Cellular Structures and Organelles, 0210 nano-technology, Intracellular, Research Article, Cell membrane permeability, Research and Analysis Methods, Green Fluorescent Protein, 03 medical and health sciences, Polysaccharides, Humans, RNA, Messenger, A549 cell, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Ethanol, Toxicity, Organic Chemistry, lcsh:R, Chemical Compounds, Proteins, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Luminescent Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Microscopy, Fluorescence, chemistry, A549 Cells, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, Alcohols, Biophysics, lcsh:Q

الوصف: Despite advances in intracellular delivery technologies, efficient methods are still required that are vector-free, can address a wide range of cargo types and can be applied to cells that are difficult to transfect whilst maintaining cell viability. We have developed a novel vector-free method that uses reversible permeabilization to achieve rapid intracellular delivery of cargos with varying composition, properties and size. A permeabilizing delivery solution was developed that contains a low level of ethanol as the permeabilizing agent. Reversal of cell permeabilization is achieved by temporally and volumetrically controlling the contact of the target cells with this solution. Cells are seeded in conventional multi-well plates. Following removal of the supernatant, the cargo is mixed with the delivery solution and applied directly to the cells using an atomizer. After a short incubation period, permeabilization is halted by incubating the cells in a phosphate buffer saline solution that dilutes the ethanol and is non-toxic to the permeabilized cells. Normal culture medium is then added. The procedure lasts less than 5 min. With this method, proteins, mRNA, plasmid DNA and other molecules have been delivered to a variety of cell types, including primary cells, with low toxicity and cargo functionality has been confirmed in proof-of-principle studies. Co-delivery of different cargo types has also been demonstrated. Importantly, delivery occurs by diffusion directly into the cytoplasm in an endocytic-independent manner. Unlike some other vector-free methods, adherent cells are addressed in situ without the need for detachment from their substratum. The method has also been adapted to address suspension cells. This delivery method is gentle yet highly reproducible, compatible with high throughput and automated cell-based assays and has the potential to enable a broad range of research, drug discovery and clinical applications.

وصف الملف: text

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7a341e060ca84f90333a00bc89088509Test
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/10984Test/