Bolting and flowering control in sugar beet: relationships and effects of gibberellin, the bolting gene B and vernalization
| العنوان: | Bolting and flowering control in sugar beet: relationships and effects of gibberellin, the bolting gene B and vernalization |
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| المؤلفون: | Andrea Jennings, Aiming Qi, Uwe Hohmann, Wenying Zhang, Euphemia Mutasa-Gottgens, Peter Hedden, Andreas E. Müller, Gretel Schulze-Buxloh |
| المصدر: | AoB Plants |
| بيانات النشر: | Oxford University Press, 2010. |
| سنة النشر: | 2010 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | photoperiodism, Bolting, fungi, food and beverages, Locus (genetics), Plant Science, Vernalization, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Botany, Gibberellin, Sugar beet, Allele, Research Articles, Dominance (genetics) |
| الوصف: | Using a co-dominant genotypic PCR marker we show for the first time that, in sugar beet, the GA and B-gene pathways are independent for bolt initiation. We show that vernalization permits GA-dependant stem elongation and that the B-allele influences subsequent flowering. Background and aims Bolting, the first visible sign of reproductive transition in beets (Beta vulgaris), is controlled by the dominant bolting gene B (B allele), which allows for flowering under long days (LDs, >14 h light) without prior vernalization. The B-locus carries recessive alleles (bb) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. spp. vulgaris), so that vernalization and LDs are required for bolting and flowering. Gibberellin growth hormones (GAs) control stem elongation and reproductive development, but their role during these processes in sugar beet is not defined. We aimed to investigate the involvement of GAs in bolting and flowering in sugar beet, and also its relationship with the vernalization requirement as defined by the B-gene. Methodology Plants segregating for the B allele were treated with exogenous GA4 under inductive (16 h light) and non-inductive (8 h light) photoperiods, with and without prior vernalization treatment. A co-dominant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker was used to genotype the B-gene locus. Bolting and flowering dates were scored, and bolt heights were measured as appropriate. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effects and interactions of GAs, the B allele and vernalization on bolting and flowering. The effects of the B allele on bolting were also verified in the field. Principal results Application of GAs or the B allele could initiate bolting independently. When the B allele was absent, the applied GAs promoted stem growth, but did so only in vernalized plants, irrespective of photoperiod. Under LDs, bolt height before flowering in plants carrying the B allele (BB; Bb) was not significantly influenced by GAs. The timing and frequency of flowering were influenced by the B allele without interactive effects from GAs. Conclusions In sugar beet, GA acts independently of the B allele and photoperiod to induce bolting. Vernalization enables GA action independently of the B allele; hence, the dominant B allele may not directly participate in vernalization-induced bolting. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2041-2851 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ea6915da6163cc43512ea4277096da13Test http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3000703Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....ea6915da6163cc43512ea4277096da13 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 20412851 |
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