المؤلفون: Wenying Zhang, Bianyin Wang, Binhui Liu, Zhaoyang Chen, Guanli Lu, Caihong Bai, Yaoxiang Ge

المصدر: Crops; Volume 3; Issue 1; Pages: 53-62

مصطلحات موضوعية: foxtail millet, meteorological factor, production

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Meteorological factors have significant impacts on crop yield. To account for the impact of meteorological factors on foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) production in different water conditions, a total of 38 collected varieties were grown in nine seasons from 2011 to 2020 (except 2016) under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions. The results showed that there was a large seasonal variation in GY; the variation ranged from 4.92 t ha−1 to 6.95 t ha−1 under the WW treatment and from 3.50 t ha−1 to 5.77 t ha−1 under the WS treatment. The impacts of meteorological factors on foxtail millet under the WW and WS treatments were different; sunshine duration during the whole stage, vegetative stage and reproductive stage had the greatest impact under the WW treatment, while under the WS treatment, sunshine duration and the diurnal temperature range during the whole stage and reproductive stage were the greatest impact factors on grain yield. This work could help us in high-yield foxtail millet cultivation and breeding.

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العلاقة: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops3010006Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3010006Test

المؤلفون: Fengyuan Zhang, Binhui Liu, Mark Henderson, Xiangjin Shen, Yuanhang Su, Wanying Zhou

المصدر: Forests; Volume 13; Issue 12; Pages: 2173

مصطلحات موضوعية: short-term slowdown, spring phenology, Northeast China forests, NDVI, climate change

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: The vast forests of Northeast China are under great pressure from climate change. Understanding the effects of changing climate conditions on spring phenology is of great significance to assessing the stability of regional terrestrial ecosystems. Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data from 1982 to 2013, this paper investigated the changes in the start date of the vegetation growing season (SOS) of two main forest types in Northeast China, analyzing the changes in temporal and spatial patterns of forest spring phenology before and during the recent short-term warming slowdown, and exploring the effects of day and night temperatures and precipitation on the start of the growing season. The results showed that, during the rapid warming period (1982–1998), the SOS of deciduous needleleaf forests (DNF) was significantly advanced (−0.428 days/a, p < 0.05), while the rate of advance of SOS of deciduous broadleaf forests (DBF) was nonsignificant (−0.313 days/a, p > 0.10). However, during the short-term slowdown (1998–2013), the SOS of DBF was strongly delayed (0.491 days/a, p < 0.10), while the change in SOS of DNF was not significant (0.169 days/a, p > 0.10). The SOS was sensitive to spring maximum temperature for both forest types during the analysis period. Increases in winter precipitation influenced the SOS during the rapid warming period for DNF; this combined with the increase in the spring maximum temperature contributed to the advance in SOS. The decrease in the spring maximum temperature during the short-term slowdown, combined with a decrease in the previous summer maximum temperature, contributed to the rapid delay of SOS for DBF. DBF SOS was also more influenced by lagged effects of prior conditions, such as previous autumn to spring precipitation during the rapid warming period and previous summer maximum temperature during the short-term slowdown. In general, SOS was mainly determined by changes in daytime thermal conditions; DNF is more sensitive to temperature increases and DBF is ...

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العلاقة: Forest Inventory, Modeling and Remote Sensing; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122173Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/f13122173Test

المؤلفون: Tongwei Kong, Binhui Liu, Mark Henderson, Wanying Zhou, Yuanhang Su, Shuai Wang, Ligang Wang, Guibin Wang

المصدر: Agriculture; Volume 12; Issue 11; Pages: 1917

مصطلحات موضوعية: aggregate stability, geometric mean diameter, K value, mean weight diameter, soil erodibility

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Farmland shelterbelts are widely used to reduce wind erosion, maintaining the ecological and food security of the black soil plain region of northeast China. In recent years, the protective effect of shelterbelts has been reduced due to tree degeneration. Efforts have been made to transform the construction of shelterbelts to conserve the stability of soil aggregates and enhance protection against erosion, however, the results are not well understood. To evaluate the impact of shelterbelt transformation on the stability of farmland soil aggregates and soil erodibility, three transformation modes of shelterbelts were selected, including pure Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (ZC), pure Picea asperata (YS), and mixed Populus × xiaohei–Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica (ZY), with a degraded Populus × xiaohei shelterbelt (TYC) used as a control. We set up soil sampling points at 0.5H, 1H, 1.5H, 3H, 5H, 7H, and 9H from the shelterbelts and analyzed aggregate composition, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), fractal dimension (D), soil erodibility (K-value), and their relationships to soil properties of the 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers and the shelterbelt structure by using dry and wet sieving and equation estimation methods. The results show that dry (d) sieved soil samples from the transformed shelterbelt-protected farmlands are mainly composed of 2–5 mm and >5 mm grain size aggregates; the sum of the two particle sizes ranged from 48.67% to 51.27%, significantly larger than in the degraded shelterbelts (15.37%), decreasing with increasing distance from the shelterbelts. The effect is most obvious in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Wet (w) sieved soil samples are all dominated by <0.25 mm and 0.25–0.5 mm grain size aggregates; the sum of the two particle sizes ranged from 78.25% to 80.82%, which do not vary significantly with the mode of shelterbelts. The dMWD and dGMD show significantly higher mean values in samples from transformed shelterbelt-protected farmland than in soil from ...

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العلاقة: Agricultural Soils; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111917Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111917Test

المؤلفون: Xiangjin Shen, Binhui Liu

المصدر: Atmosphere; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 1881

مصطلحات موضوعية: n/a

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: The study of the relationships between climate change and the vegetation of terrestrial ecosystemsis the core topicof biometeorology research [.]

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العلاقة: Biometeorology; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111881Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111881Test

المؤلفون: Wenying Zhang, Bianyin Wang, Binhui Liu, Zhaoyang Chen, Guanli Lu, Yaoxiang Ge, Caihong Bai

المصدر: Agronomy; Volume 12; Issue 7; Pages: 1500

مصطلحات موضوعية: foxtail millet, weather factor, yield variation

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Weather factors and drought could impact the yield of foxtail millet, and varieties with traits that could alleviate the negative effects of deteriorating weather factors in the future should be developed. A total of 25 foxtail millet varieties were evaluated in experiments from 2016 to 2020 under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) treatments. Future climate change might favor an increased temperature that impedes grain yield, so varieties with characters that are less sensitive to temperature change are preferred. Varieties with a high panicle dry-weight per plant, thousand grain weight, leaf area and water productivity in deep soil layer usually gave better grain production under both water treatments. Under the WW treatment, low grain abortion rate, optimal chlorophyll and canopy temperature and more roots in the upper soil layer could favor a high yield and drought resistance. Under the WS treatment, varieties with a high harvest index, low rate of water loss and more roots in the upper soil layer usually produced a high yield.

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العلاقة: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071500Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071500Test

المؤلفون: Yingjie Sun, Mark Henderson, Binhui Liu, Hong Yan

المصدر: Forests; Volume 12; Issue 12; Pages: 1684

مصطلحات موضوعية: climate change, intra-individual radial growth, tree rings, climate–growth relationship

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Climate change affects forest ecosystems at a variety of scales, from the composition of landscapes to the growth of individual trees. Research across regions and tree species has produced contradictory findings on the effects of climate variables on radial growth. Here, we examine tree ring samples taken from four directions of a tree to determine whether there is directional variability in tree growth in relation to climate trends. The results showed directional differences in the temporal growth processes of Pinus koraiensis, with more commonalities between the west and north directions and between the east and south directions. The contemporaneous June maximum temperature was the main climate factor associated with the difference between the growth of tree rings toward the east or west. Annual tree ring growth toward the east was more affected by the year’s temperature while growth toward the south was more sensitive to the year’s precipitation. Our research demonstrates that diverse response of tree growth to climate may exist at intra-individual scale. This contributes to understanding the sensitivity of tree growth to climate change at differ scales.

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العلاقة: Forest Ecology and Management; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121684Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121684Test

المؤلفون: Xuelu Cai, Mark Henderson, Ligang Wang, Yuanhang Su, Binhui Liu

المصدر: Agriculture; Volume 11; Issue 10; Pages: 995

مصطلحات موضوعية: crop lodging, typhoon, shelterbelts, structure, distance between shelterbelt rows, digital image processing methods

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Global warming has led to increases in the frequency and intensity of typhoons. In recent years, super typhoons have had a greater impact on agriculture in the black soil farmland of Northeast China, posing serious threats to crop growth. Planting trees as windbreaks and to reduce erosion is common in this region, but their protective effects against crop damage from typhoons is still unknown. This paper studied the protective effect of different shelterbelt structures on crops that encountered a super typhoon. The results show that the distance between shelterbelt rows and shelterbelt porosity have significant influences on the starting lodging distance of crops behind the shelterbelt. Increasing the shelterbelt distance between shelterbelt rows or reducing shelterbelt porosity can enhance their protective effects on crops. Among the main crops, rice has the strongest lodging resistance, followed by soybeans, with maize being the least resistant. The protective effect of mixed tree and shrub shelterbelts is better than that of single tree species shelterbelts. Dead or missing trees reduce the shelterbelt protective effect. These results provide strategies for reducing the impact of more intense and frequent super typhoons.

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العلاقة: Agricultural Systems and Management; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100995Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100995Test

المؤلفون: Jun Yang, Hongyu Wang, Yajun Wang, Binhui Liu, Shilin Hou, Yu Cheng

المصدر: Sustainability; Volume 11; Issue 22; Pages: 6349

مصطلحات موضوعية: pressure release by roof cutting, non-coal pillar mining with roadway formed automatically (RFANM), roof fracture, surrounding rock deformation, entry stability

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Non-coal pillar mining with roadway formed automatically (RFANM) is a new mining approach, which demonstrates revolutionary significance because it does not require making roadway before mining and coal pillar retaining. In order to explore the stability of the surrounding rock structure in RFANM, the deformation of the surrounding rock was theoretically analyzed and simulated based on three different fracture positions of the main roof. It was concluded that reasonable control of temporary support strength in roadway is of great importance to control the deformation of the entry. The deformation process of surrounding rock under different fracture positions in RFANM was simulated by using the Universal Discrete Element Code (UDEC). The results of the numerical simulation showed that the main roof was fractured at the solid coal side or gob side; the deformation of the roadway was small. The fracture condition of the main roof at the gob side required a higher effect of roof slitting or temporary support from the roadway. Through drilling and peeping at the retained roadway, it was judged that the main roof was broken inside the coal wall. Field monitoring results revealed that the deformation of the roadway can be effectively controlled.

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العلاقة: Energy Sustainability; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226349Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226349Test

المؤلفون: Rajesh Kumar Soothar, Wenying Zhang, Binhui Liu, Moussa Tankari, Chao Wang, Li Li, Huanli Xing, Daozhi Gong, Yaosheng Wang

المصدر: Sustainability; Volume 11; Issue 17; Pages: 4564

مصطلحات موضوعية: growth, saline irrigation, ion concentration, water productivity, soil salinity

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Brackish water used for irrigation can restrict crop growth and lead to environmental problems. The alternate irrigation with saline water at different growth stages is still not well understood. Therefore, field trials were conducted during 2015–2018 in the NCP to investigate whether alternate irrigation is practicable for winter wheat production. The treatments comprised rain-fed cultivation (NI), fresh and saline water irrigation (FS), saline and fresh water irrigation (SF), saline water irrigation (SS) and fresh water irrigation (FF). The results showed that the grain yield was increased by 20% under SF and FS treatments compared to NI, while a minor decrease of 2% in grain yield was observed compared with FF treatment. The increased soil salinity and risk of long-term salt accumulation in the soil due to alternate irrigation during peak dry periods was insignificant due to leaching of salts from crop root zone during monsoon season. Although Na+ concentration in the leaves increased with saline irrigation, resulting in significantly lower K+:Na+ ratio in the leaves, the Na+ and K+ concentrations in the roots and grains were not affected. In conclusion, the alternate irrigation for winter wheat is a most promising option to harvest more yield and save fresh water resources.

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العلاقة: Environmental Sustainability and Applications; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174564Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174564Test

المؤلفون: Hui Zhang, Binhui Liu, Daowei Zhou, Zhengfang Wu, Ting Wang

المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 16; Issue 9; Pages: 1504

مصطلحات موضوعية: asymmetric, soil temperature, SDTR, increase, decrease

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Daily surface soil temperature data from 360 weather stations in China during 1962–2011 were retrieved and analyzed. The data revealed two aspects of asymmetric soil warming. Firstly, there was asymmetry between day and night in terms of increases in soil temperature. The daily maximum surface soil temperature ( S T max ) and daily minimum surface soil temperature ( S T min ) increased at rates of 0.031 and 0.055 °C/year over the 50-year interval, respectively. As a consequence of the more rapid increases in S T min , the soil diurnal temperature range (SDTR) decreased at most stations (average rate of –0.025 °C/year), with the most profound decrease in winter (–0.08 °C/year). The solar duration (SD) was positively related to SDTR and is regarded as the key underlying cause of the decreasing SDTR. Secondly, there was asymmetry between the soil and air in the temperature increase. The differences between soil and air temperature ( T D ) were highest in summer (2.76 °C) and smallest in winter (1.55 °C), which decreased by 0.3 °C over the study interval, this meant agricultural practice plans based on air temperature alone may be severely limited. The difference between soil temperature and air temperature reduces at night. This would facilitate the wintering of perennials in areas near the zero-contour line.

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العلاقة: Environmental Science and Engineering; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091504Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091504Test