المؤلفون: Christin Schmidt, Florian D. Hastert, Julia Gerbeth, Tim Beissert, Ugur Sahin, Mario Perkovic, Barbara S. Schnierle

المصدر: Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 9, p 1374 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: chikungunya virus, Ross River virus, alphavirus, RNA vaccine, replicon, taRNA, Medicine

الوصف: Alphaviruses such as the human pathogenic chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) can cause explosive outbreaks raising public health concerns. However, no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment is yet available. We recently established a CHIKV vaccine candidate based on trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA). This novel system consists of a replicase-encoding mRNA and a trans-replicon (TR) RNA encoding the antigen. The TR-RNA is amplified by the replicase in situ. We were interested in determining whether multiple TR-RNAs can be amplified in parallel and if, thus, a multivalent vaccine candidate can be generated. In vitro, we observed an efficient amplification of two TR-RNAs, encoding for the CHIKV and the RRV envelope proteins, by the replicase, which resulted in a high antigen expression. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with the two TR-RNAs induced CHIKV- and RRV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. However, antibody titers and neutralization capacity were higher after immunization with a single TR-RNA. In contrast, alphavirus-specific T cell responses were equally potent after the bivalent vaccination. These data show the proof-of-principle that the taRNA system can be used to generate multivalent vaccines; however, further optimizations will be needed for clinical application.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/9/1374Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1248d33fb49a4a7cb963048bb93ccafeTest

المؤلفون: Florian D. Hastert, Sascha Hein, Christine von Rhein, Nuka Ivalu Benz, Younes Husria, Doris Oberle, Thorsten J. Maier, Eberhard Hildt, Barbara S. Schnierle

المصدر: Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 794 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: SARS-CoV-2, Delta, Omicron, vaccine, neutralization, Medicine

الوصف: The SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron has spread world-wide and is responsible for rapid increases in infections, including in populations with high vaccination rates. Here, we analysed in the sera of vaccinated individuals the antibody binding to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and the neutralization of wild-type (WT), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529; BA.1) pseudotyped vectors. Although sera from individuals immunized with vector vaccines (Vaxzevria; AZ and COVID-19 Janssen, Ad26.COV2.S; J&J) were able to bind and neutralize WT and Delta, they showed only background levels towards Omicron. In contrast, mRNA (Comirnaty; BNT) or heterologous (AZ/BNT) vaccines induced weak, but detectable responses against Omicron. While RBD-binding antibody levels decreased significantly six months after full vaccination, the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-directed avidity remained constant. However, this still coincided with a significant decrease in neutralization activity against all variants. A third booster vaccination with BNT significantly increased the humoral immune responses against all tested variants, including Omicron. In conclusion, only vaccination schedules that included at least one dose of mRNA vaccine and especially an mRNA booster vaccination induced sufficient antibody levels with neutralization capacity against multiple variants, including Omicron.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/5/794Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/cb303763eb034c6cbff83ad987d871b3Test

المؤلفون: Florian D. Hastert, Lisa Henss, Christine von Rhein, Julia Gerbeth, Imke Wieters, Frauke Borgans, Yascha Khodamoradi, Kai Zacharowski, Gernot Rohde, Maria J.G.T. Vehreschild, Barbara S. Schnierle

المصدر: Viruses, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 882 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: SARS-CoV-2, Delta, Omicron, SARS-CoV-1, NL63, neutralization, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has now been continuing for more than two years. The infection causes COVID-19, a disease of the respiratory and cardiovascular system of variable severity. Here, the humoral immune response of 80 COVID-19 patients from the University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany, was characterized longitudinally. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity of serum waned over time. The neutralizing potential of serum directed towards the human alpha-coronavirus NL-63 (NL63) also waned, indicating that no cross-priming against alpha-coronaviruses occurred. A subset of the recovered patients (n = 13) was additionally vaccinated with the mRNA vaccine Comirnaty. Vaccination increased neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT), Delta, and Omicron, although Omicron-specific neutralization was not detectable prior to vaccination. In addition, the vaccination induced neutralizing antibodies against the more distantly related SARS-CoV-1 but not against NL63. The results indicate that although SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses induced by infection wane, vaccination induces a broad neutralizing activity against multiple SARS-CoVs, but not to the common cold alpha-coronavirus NL63.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/882Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3f798f13f58343bd8df7d2b98e4b6083Test

المؤلفون: Marie-Luise Herrlein, Sascha Hein, Tobias Zahn, Ines Mhedhbi, Jan Raupach, Younes Husria, Nuka Ivalu Benz, Jonathan Eisert, Daniela Bender, Vanessa Haberger, Florian D. Hastert, Lisa Henss, Barbara S. Schnierle, Julia C. Stingl, Michael Dreher, Eberhard Hildt

المصدر: Viruses, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 410 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, convalescent sera, ARDS, neutralization assay, humoral immune response, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: In light of an increasing number of vaccinated and convalescent individuals, there is a major need for the development of robust methods for the quantification of neutralizing antibodies; although, a defined correlate of protection is still missing. Sera from hospitalized COVID-19 patients suffering or not suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were comparatively analyzed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and pseudotype-based neutralization assays to quantify their neutralizing capacity. The two neutralization assays showed comparable data. In case of the non-ARDS sera, there was a distinct correlation between the data from the neutralization assays on the one hand, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), as well as biophysical analyses, on the other hand. As such, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assays for quantification of binding antibodies or analysis of the stability of the antigen–antibody interaction and inhibition of syncytium formation, determined by cell fusion assays, were performed. In the case of ARDS sera, which are characterized by a significantly higher fraction of RBD-binding IgA antibodies, there is a clear correlation between the neutralization assays and the ELISA data. In contrast to this, a less clear correlation between the biophysical analyses on the one hand and ELISAs and neutralization assays on the other hand was observed, which might be explained by the heterogeneity of the antibodies. To conclude, for less complex immune sera—as in cases of non-ARDS sera—combinations of titer quantification by ELISA with inhibition of syncytium formation, SPR-based analysis of antibody binding, determination of the stability of the antigen–antibody complex, and competition of the RBD-ACE2 binding represent alternatives to the classic PRNT for analysis of the neutralizing potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific sera, without the requirement for a BSL3 facility.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/410Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6308a186ab2d442dac3f373702a5e91fTest