المؤلفون: Dong-Kyu Lee, Seong Min Kim, Woosung Park, Uk Sim, Dohun Kim

المصدر: Materials
Materials, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 210 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Materials science, Hydrogen, Passivation, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Review, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, water splitting, General Materials Science, passivation, lcsh:Microscopy, lcsh:QC120-168.85, Hydrogen production, Perovskite (structure), metal-organic halide perovskite, lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, business.industry, photoelectrochemical reaction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Solar energy, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, Water splitting, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 0210 nano-technology, business, lcsh:TK1-9971

الوصف: In the development of hydrogen-based technology, a key challenge is the sustainable production of hydrogen in terms of energy consumption and environmental aspects. However, existing methods mainly rely on fossil fuels due to their cost efficiency, and as such, it is difficult to be completely independent of carbon-based technology. Electrochemical hydrogen production is essential, since it has shown the successful generation of hydrogen gas of high purity. Similarly, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) method is also appealing, as this method exhibits highly active and stable water splitting with the help of solar energy. In this article, we review recent developments in PEC water splitting, particularly those using metal-organic halide perovskite materials. We discuss the exceptional optical and electrical characteristics which often dictate PEC performance. We further extend our discussion to the material limit of perovskite under a hydrogen production environment, i.e., that PEC reactions often degrade the contact between the electrode and the electrolyte. Finally, we introduce recent improvements in the stability of a perovskite-based PEC device.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::af1404baeecf66328d4ac5dc984667b2Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6981555Test

المؤلفون: Polycarpos Falaras, Konstantina Gkini, Ioanna Martinaiou

المصدر: Materials
Materials, Vol 14, Iss 1679, p 1679 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Materials science, Passivation, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Review, carbon based materials, 010402 general chemistry, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, General Materials Science, lcsh:Microscopy, additive engineering, perovskite, lcsh:QC120-168.85, Perovskite (structure), lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, Photovoltaic system, Energy conversion efficiency, Graphitic carbon nitride, stability, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, graphitic carbon nitride, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, efficiency, solar cells, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, Charge carrier, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Wetting, interface engineering, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:TK1-9971

الوصف: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great research interest in the scientific community due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties and the fact that their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased rapidly in recent years, surpassing other 3rd generation photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) presents exceptional optical and electronic properties and its use was recently expanded in the field of PSCs. The addition of g-C3N4 in the perovskite absorber and/or the electron transport layer (ETL) resulted in PCEs exceeding 22%, mainly due to defects regarding passivation, improved conductivity and crystallinity as well as low charge carriers’ recombination rate within the device. Significant performance increase, including stability enhancement, was also achieved when g-C3N4 was applied at the PSC interfaces and the observed improvement was attributed to its wetting (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) nature and the fine tuning of the corresponding interface energetics. The current review summarizes the main innovations for the incorporation of graphitic carbon nitride in PSCs and highlights the significance and perspectives of the g-C3N4 approach for emerging highly efficient and robust PV devices.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a1a0c022d2b4a0beb90cf12a4bbc078cTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8038080Test

المؤلفون: Lightson Ngashangva, Smita Das, Pranab Goswami

المصدر: Micromachines
Micromachines, Vol 12, Iss 84, p 84 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Materials science, Passivation, lcsh:Mechanical engineering and machinery, Synthesis methods, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Review, 010402 general chemistry, Smart material, 01 natural sciences, Nanomaterials, electrochemiluminescence, carbon dots, optical, lcsh:TJ1-1570, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemiluminescence, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Control and Systems Engineering, smart materials, Surface modification, Light emission, photoluminescence, analytical, 0210 nano-technology, Material properties, Carbon

الوصف: Carbon dots (CDs) are optically active carbon-based nanomaterials. These nanomaterials can change their light emission properties in response to various external stimuli such as pH, temperature, pressure, and light. The CD’s remarkable stimuli-responsive smart material properties have recently stimulated massive research interest for their exploitation to develop various sensor platforms. Herein, an effort has been made to review the major advances made on CDs, focusing mainly on its smart material attributes and linked applications. Since the CD’s material properties are largely linked to their synthesis approaches, various synthesis methods, including surface passivation and functionalization of CDs and the mechanisms reported so far in their photophysical properties, are also delineated in this review. Finally, the challenges of using CDs and the scope for their further improvement as an optical signal transducer to expand their application horizon for developing analytical platforms have been discussed.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f6882c3a29aa9112aef61527105303ecTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7829846Test

المؤلفون: Huanhuan Du, Shuai Han, Shan Liu, Tao Chang, Haiping Zhao, Shenjun Qin, Baoshuang Wu

المصدر: Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials, Vol 7, Iss 7, p 176 (2017)
Nanomaterials; Volume 7; Issue 7; Pages: 176

مصطلحات موضوعية: Materials science, Photoluminescence, Passivation, General Chemical Engineering, Quantum yield, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, carbon dots, surface passivation, luminescence, Ca(OH)2, flowers, lcsh:Chemistry, General Materials Science, Carbonization, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence, Carbon, Visible spectrum

الوصف: In this work, we present the fabrication of highly luminescent carbon dots (CDs) by a double passivation method with the assistance of Ca(OH)2. In the reaction process, Ca2+ protects the active functional groups from overconsumption during dehydration and carbonization, and the electron-withdrawing groups on the CD surface are converted to electron-donating groups by the hydroxyl ions. As a result, the fluorescence quantum yield of the CDs was found to increase with increasing Ca(OH)2 content in the reaction process. A blue-shift optical spectrum of the CDs was also found with increasing Ca(OH)2 content, which could be attributed to the increasing of the energy gaps for the CDs. The highly photoluminescent CDs obtained (quantum yield: 86%) were used to cultivate fluorescent carnations by a water culture method, while the results of fluorescence microscopy analysis indicated that the CDs had entered the plant tissue structure.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::891be1108c49cbebe136ae3892956bd2Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5535242Test

المؤلفون: Patrick S. Goley, Mantu K. Hudait

المصدر: Materials
Materials, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 2301-2339 (2014)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Electron mobility, Materials science, gate stack, quantum well, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, Review, lcsh:Technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, PMOS logic, law, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Microelectronics, General Materials Science, passivation, lcsh:Microscopy, Quantum well, lcsh:QC120-168.85, 010302 applied physics, lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, business.industry, Transistor, high mobility, Strained silicon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering physics, germanium, chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, Field-effect transistor, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, buffer, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 0210 nano-technology, business, lcsh:TK1-9971, heterogeneous integration

الوصف: The performance of strained silicon (Si) as the channel material for today’s metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors may be reaching a plateau. New channel materials with high carrier mobility are being investigated as alternatives and have the potential to unlock an era of ultra-low-power and high-speed microelectronic devices. Chief among these new materials is germanium (Ge). This work reviews the two major remaining challenges that Ge based devices must overcome if they are to replace Si as the channel material, namely, heterogeneous integration of Ge on Si substrates, and developing a suitable gate stack. Next, Ge is compared to compound III-V materials in terms of p-channel device performance to review how it became the first choice for PMOS devices. Different Ge device architectures, including surface channel and quantum well configurations, are reviewed. Finally, state-of-the-art Ge device results and future prospects are also discussed.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f947453a088124d1fd57753acf7b19fdTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5453288Test

المؤلفون: Rajarshi Sinha, Angad Oberoi

المصدر: Proceedings of International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Materials science, Silicon, Passivation, business.industry, Transistor, Nanowire, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, law.invention, Semiconductor, CMOS, chemistry, law, Electronic engineering, Field-effect transistor, business, Biosensor

الوصف: The ability to optically, electrically and magnetically detect the state of biological systems and species is continually being researched. Even though optical & magnetic procedures continue to grow and evolve, electrical detection methods, by-far, continue to remain most desirable. Nanowires (NW) have emerged as powerful platforms for creating robust, sensitive and selective sensors for biological detection. These NWs have been custom created & modified to be used for electrochemical biosensing, owing to their miniaturizing properties and effective recognition abilities. This paper specifically deals with the study of common and technologically relevant semiconductor materials, primarily Silicon (Si) & Zinc Oxide (ZnO), which have currently become the face of interdisciplinary bio-electrochemical research. The effect of thermal annealing as well as surface defect passivation on electrical transport properties for highly selective pathogen sensing has been discussed. Crystal optical and electronic characteristics of SiNW and ZnO based sensing channels have been observed to offer promising prospects in the discipline of Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) compatible Field-Effect Transistor (FET) biosensing. Operations such as drug discovery and pathogen detection by the means of semiconductor NW devices have been reviewed.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::37a0f8c28bca54023446aa95eb94c3b9Test
https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-1-a004Test