In an exploration of the natural history of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), 134 residents of Sudan who had recently been diagnosed as cases of the disease were investigated. In each case, diagnosis had been based on clinical criteria, the temporal relationship between the rash and the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), positive results in direct agglutination tests (DAT) and/or leishmanin skin tests (LST), and the exclusion of other skin conditions. The mean (S.D.) age of the subjects was 6.4 (3.0) years. Although PKDL appeared commonest among those aged 4-8 years (P < 0.05), it was most severe in children aged
