| الوصف: |
sphere, 1976, pp. 120-121. 6. Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964, p. 97. 7. Edwin M. Schur, Law and Society: A Sociological View, New York: Random House, 1968, pp. 55-56. 8. Fuller, op. cit., p. 106. 9. Max Rheinstein, ed., Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, trans. by E. Shils and M. Rheinstein, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954, p. 5. 10. E. Adamson Hoebel, The Law of Primitive Man, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961, Chapter II. 11. Jeffrey L. Jowell, Law and Bureaucracy: Administrative Discretion and the Limits of Legal Action, Port Washington, N.Y.: Dunellen, 1975, p. 195. 12. Ibid., p. 12. 13. Ibid., p. 21. 14. Lawrence M. Friedman, Law and Society: An Introduction, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977, p. 139. 15. Max Weber, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Talcott Parsons, ed. (A. M. Henderson and T. Parsons, trans.), New York: Oxford University Press, 1947, pp. 329-330. 16. Victor Thompson, Modern Organization, New YQrk: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1961, p. 160. 17. Robert K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957, p. 156. 18. Friedman, op. cit., p. 46. 19. Lucian W. Pye, Aspects of Political Development, Boston: Little, Brown, 1966, pp. 114-122. 20. Robert Michels, Political Parties, New York: Dover, 1959. 21. Mosher, op. cit., p. 210. 22. "Formal" refers to the official norm, the theory, to what ought to be done, as expressed in constitutions, laws, rules, and regulations. "Effective" refers to what actually happens, the unofficial conduct, the practice, the informal, the real behavior of people, officials, politicians, administrators, pressure groups. Fred W. Riggs, Administration in Developing Countries: The Theory of Prismatic Society, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1964, pp. 57-58. 23. E. F. Schumacher, Small is Beautiful, New York: Harper & Row, 1973, pp.. 153-154. |
