Radiation environments such as galactic cosmic rays，solar cosmic rays and radiation belts produce various space radiation effects on the components and astronauts，threaten the normal operation of spacecraft and life and health of astronauts. Material shielding is currently one of the most effective radiation protection measures and plays an important role in ensuring the smooth progress of aerospace missions. The research progress of space radiation shielding materials in different scenarios for three typical objects：components，astronauts，and aircraft platform protection is reviewed in this paper. Also the development direction of space radiation shielding materials such as metal composite materials and polymer materials is explored.
