Second-hand smoke in indoor hospitality venues in Pakistan
| العنوان: | Second-hand smoke in indoor hospitality venues in Pakistan |
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| المؤلفون: | J. A. Khan, O. Moin, S. M. A Zaidi |
| المصدر: | The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 15:972-977 |
| بيانات النشر: | International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2011. |
| سنة النشر: | 2011 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Smoke, Inhalation Exposure, medicine.medical_specialty, Restaurants, Indoor air, business.industry, Public health, Smoking, Smoking prevalence, Tobacco smoke, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Cigarette smoking, Environmental protection, Hospitality, Air Pollution, Indoor, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, Pakistan, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business, Second hand smoke, Environmental Monitoring |
| الوصف: | BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke (SHS) constitutes a significant public health threat in countries with a high smoking prevalence. However, data assessing the quality of indoor air at public venues in Pakistan are limited. OBJECTIVES: To measure mean concentrations of PM 2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 microns in diameter), a sensitive indicator of SHS, in hospitality venues in Pakistan. SETTING AND DESIGN: Data were collected discreetly from 39 indoor venues such as cafes, restaurants and shisha (water-pipe) bars from three major cities in Pakistan. Data were recorded using a portable air quality monitoring device. RESULTS: The overall mean PM 2 . 5 value for the visited venues was 846 μg/m 3 (95%CI 484-1205). The mean PM 2.5 value was 101 μg/m 3 (95%CI 69-135 μg/m 3 ) for non-smoking venues, 689 μg/m 3 (95%CI 241-1138) for cigarette smoking venues and 1745 μg/m 3 (95%CI 925-2565) for shisha smoking venues. CONCLUSION: The significant levels of SHS recorded in this study, in particular from shisha smoking venues, could represent a major public health burden in Pakistan. Appropriate legislation needs to be enforced to protect the health of those exposed to the hazards of second-hand tobacco smoke. |
| تدمد: | 1815-7920 1027-3719 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7ffb8b0227d4e5e3873606e60048151cTest https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.10.0524Test |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....7ffb8b0227d4e5e3873606e60048151c |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 18157920 10273719 |
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