المؤلفون: Santhi Ch., Pentyala Suneetha, Supriya Garapati, Krishna Sahith Reddy. K.V

المصدر: International Journal of Anatomy and Research. 6:5163-5166

مصطلحات موضوعية: Embryology, Foramen magnum, Histology, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, Medicine, Cell Biology, Anatomy, business

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::bc244e09ac4fc415062ae3768a319b6eTest
https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.144Test

المؤلفون: Arpan Dubey, Shashikant Verma

المصدر: International Journal of Anatomy and Research. 5:3780-3783

مصطلحات موضوعية: Embryology, Foramen magnum, Histology, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, Medicine, Cell Biology, Anatomy, business, Condyle

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::dc0ab3ecc9eaaaaac17f163f4cdc589dTest
https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2017.193Test

المؤلفون: Nasreen Fatima, Vinod Kumar, Md. Jawed Akhtar, Ritu

المصدر: International Journal of Anatomy and Research. 3:1597-1602

مصطلحات موضوعية: Embryology, Foramen magnum, education.field_of_study, Histology, business.industry, Vertebral artery, Suboccipital nerve, Population, Cell Biology, Anatomy, medicine.disease, medicine.nerve, Skull, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atlas (anatomy), medicine.artery, medicine, Foramen, Vertebrobasilar insufficiency, education, business

الوصف: BACKGROUND: The first cervical vertebra, atlas plays a vital role in the movement of skull & neck. The anatomy of atlas is complex due to its three dimensional structure. There is a groove on superior surface of posterior arch of atlas for passage of 3 rd part of vertebral artery and first cervical spinal nerve (suboccipital nerve). Sometimes the oblique ligament of atlas which is present at the lower border of posterior atlanto-occipital membrane may ossify and convert this groove into a foramen. This foramen may be complete or incomplete, In some cases a bony bridge also extends from lateral masses of atlas to the posterior root of transverse process and form an additional foramen through which vertebral artery travels. The vertebral artery is prone to compression in its entire course between foramen transversarium and foramen magnum during extreme rotation movement of head & neck. This condition may be aggravated by the presence of these ponticuli & results in compromised blood flow and causes vertebrobasilar insufficiency presenting with dizziness, fainting, vertigo, transient diplopia & various neurological disturbances. MATERIALS & METHODS: The present study was carried out on 118 (Male-62, Female-56) dried fully ossified adult human atlas of known sex for the presence of complete or incomplete ring for vertebral artery i.e. different ponticuli on the superior surface of the atlas vertebra. RESULTS: We observed 21.17% cases of ponticulus posterior in which 7.62% specimens had complete ring while 13.55% specimens had incomplete ring & ponticulus lateralis was reported only in 5.93% cases (unilateral: 2.54% & bilateral: 3.39%). Incidence of ponticulus posterior as well as lateralis were more common in male as compared to female. Complete ponticulus posterior was more common in right side, while incomplete ponticulus posterior as well as ponticulus lateralis were more commonly bilaterally. CONCLUSION: As indicated by our study, ponticulus posterior as well as lateralis are not so rare anomaly in the population of Bihar. So, the detail knowledge about these variations is very helpful to the neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, orthopedicians & otolaryngologists who faces regularly the patients complaining about the symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. These informations are also important for the spine surgeons to prevent vascular complications during spinal surgeries especially in those patients who required screw placements in the lateral mass of atlas.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::a28c26f47397761265e11e24b8a2fa76Test
https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2015.296Test

المؤلفون: Sanam Anwar, Mitesh R Dave, Anil Kumar

المصدر: International Journal of Anatomy and Research. 3:1015-1023

مصطلحات موضوعية: musculoskeletal diseases, Embryology, Foramen magnum, Histology, Surgical approach, business.industry, Occipital bone, Cell Biology, Anatomy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Brain stem lesion, Medicine, Calipers, business, Transverse diameter

الوصف: The foramen magnum is an important landmark in the posterior part of the cranial base, which is largely formed by the occipital bone. The dimensions of the foramen magnum are clinically important because of the vital structures passing through it. We studied thirty six dry human skulls of known sex and measured anteroposterior and transverse diameters with the help of Vernier caliper. Additionally, surface area and Index of foramen magnum were also calculated. Oval shape is the main type of morphological variant found in this study. The transverse diameter of the foramen magnum was in a range of 25.75-34.25mm in males, whereas it was between 26-31.75mm in females. The anteroposterior diameter was in a range of 35 to 39.75mm in males while it was 29.5 to 34.75mm in females. The mean area of foramen magnum in males was 876.88±88.83mm whereas it was 776.87±68.51mm in females. In contrast to the area, the mean foramen magnum index was higher in females (89.01±6.84mm) compared to males (81.75±5.99mm) and this difference was also statistically significant (p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::de32678facbf6109cdd4bbcae9053004Test
https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2015.154Test

المؤلفون: VV Gopichand Patnaik, Sween Walia, Nidhi Puri, Bhawani Shankar Modi

المصدر: International Journal of Anatomy and Research. 2:781-784

مصطلحات موضوعية: Embryology, Foramen magnum, Histology, Vertebral vessels, business.industry, Occipital bone, Cell Biology, Anatomy, Spinal cord, Sudden death, Skull, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atlas (anatomy), Cervical Nerve, medicine, business

الوصف: Address for Correspondence: Dr. Sween Walia. Department of Anatomy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India. Mobile No: +919876521998. E-Mail: sweenwalia@gmail.com Access this Article online Quick Response code Web site: Department of Anatomy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India. Occipitalization of atlas is an osseous anomaly of the craniovertebral junction which occurs at the base of the skull in the region of the foramen magnum. The knowledge of such a fusion is important because skeletal abnormalities at the craniocervical junction may result in sudden death. During bone cleaning procedure and routine undergraduate osteology teaching, three skulls with Occipitalization of atlas were encountered in the department of Anatomy at MMIMSR, Mullana, India. In one skull, both anterior and posterior arch were completely fused with occipital bone while the transverse process on the right side was not fused whereas left transverse process was fused with occipital bone. Both anterior and posterior arch were completely fused whereas transverse process on both sides were not fused in other skull. In another skull, partial and asymmetrical Occipitalization of atlas vertebra with occipital bone was found with bifid posterior arch of atlas at the level of posterior tubercle. Anterior arch was completely fused with basilar part of occipital bone but both the transverse processes were not fused. Reduced diameter of foramen magnum due to the atlanto-occipital fusion might cause neurological complications due to compression of spinal cord or medulla oblongata, vertebral vessels, 1st cervical nerve, thus, knowledge of occipitalization of the atlas may be of substantial importance to orthopaedicians, neurosurgeons, physicians and radiologists dealing with abnormalities of the cervical spine.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::3bb4bc7f5affd5762d08772e54411c62Test
https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2014.549Test