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    المصدر: Future Oncology. 17:1459-1472

    الوصف: Canakinumab is a human IgGκ monoclonal antibody, with high affinity and specificity for IL-1β. The Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial, evaluating canakinumab for cardiovascular disease, provided the first signal of the potential of IL-1β inhibition on lung cancer incidence reduction. Here, we describe the rationale and design for CANOPY-N, a randomized Phase II trial evaluating IL-1β inhibition with or without immune checkpoint inhibition as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients with stage IB to IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer eligible for complete resection will receive canakinumab or pembrolizumab as monotherapy, or in combination. The primary end point is major pathological response by central review; secondary end points include overall response rate, major pathological response (local review), surgical feasibility rate and pharmacokinetics.Lay abstract A previous study showed that canakinumab reduced the risk of lung cancer in patients with heart disease. Canakinumab blocks an inflammatory protein called IL-1β that is involved in cancer. Anti-cancer drugs used before surgery (‘neo-adjuvant’) can improve the success rate of surgery and may help prevent the cancer from returning. Neo-adjuvant trials help us understand how the drugs work and how they affect cancer. CANOPY-N (NCT03968419) is an ongoing randomized, exploratory, Phase II clinical trial testing canakinumab and pembrolizumab (a different cancer immunotherapy), alone or combined, for patients with early non-small-cell lung cancer. The study will test whether treatment can kill most cancer cells in the surgery sample (‘major pathological response’). It will also investigate other effects on cancer biology, levels of molecules that measure possible clinical benefit (‘biomarkers’) and side effects.

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    المصدر: Immunotherapy. 13:297-307

    الوصف: Aim: To evaluate treatment results in advanced/metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in routine practice in oncology centers in Poland. Methods: Multicenter retrospective analysis included 499 patients with unresectable/metastatic (stage IIIC–IV) melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 in first-line therapy. Results: Estimated median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 19.9 and 7.9 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed that ECOG 0, no brain metastases, normal lactate dehydrogenase level and occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were statistically significantly associated with improved OS and PFS. Any irAE occurred in 24% of patients. Grade 3 or Grade 4 irAEs occurred in 6% of patients. Conclusion: Analysis revealed a slightly worse OS in real-world treatment in comparison to clinical trials (KEYNOTE-006 and CheckMate 066). Polish population treatment results are similar to other studies of real-world data. PFS and ORR are similar in our research and clinical trials.

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    المصدر: Epigenomics. 12:2065-2076

    الوصف: Aim: Some clinical and biological characteristics have been described as prognostic factors for clinical conversion into clinically definite multiple sclerosis in radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) population. The aim of this study was to assess signatures of circulating miRNAs in those patients according to their conversion status after 5 years of follow-up. Patients & methods: OpenArray plates assessing 216 miRNA candidates were run in 15 RIS patients, and their relative abundances were analyzed. Results: A specific profile of deregulated circulating miRNAs (miR-144-3p, miR-448 and miR-653-3p in cerebrospinal fluid and miR-142-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-363-3p, miR-374b-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-483-3p in plasma) differentiated individuals who remained as RIS after 5 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Circulating miRNAs might be used as prognostic biomarkers for RIS patients.

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    المصدر: Future Oncology. 16:3035-3043

    الوصف: Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) often requires postoperative chemoradiation with high risk of toxicity. Disease-free survival (DFS) after 2 years is approximately 70%. Combining nivolumab (N), a PD-1-inhibitor and ipilimumab (I), a CTLA4- inhibitor, may improve DFS due to antitumor effects of immunotherapy. The IMSTAR-HN study compares neoadjuvant N and N ± I 6 months after adjuvant therapy versus standard therapy as first-line treatment for LA-HNSCC. Eligible patients have treatment-naive LA-HNSCC, Eastern cooperative oncology group performance score (PS) ≤1 and no distant metastasis. 276 patients will be randomized into two arms. Primary endpoint is DFS and secondary endpoint includes locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS). This study is one of the first in HNSCCs implementing immunotherapy in first-line treatment in a curative setting. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03700905 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )

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    المصدر: Future Oncology. 15:1729-1744

    الوصف: Aims: To investigate roles of miR-29a-DNMT1-SOCS1 axis in cervical cancer invasion and migration. Materials & methods: The methylation level of SOCS1 was determined by methylation specific PCR. The cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration and invasion were examined by Annexin-V/PI staining, MTT and colony formation assays, plus scratch and transwell assays respectively. The expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and NF-κB related proteins were determined by western blotting. Results: MiR-29a was downregulated, accompanied with DNMT1 upregulation and SOCS1 downregulation in cervical cancer tissues. MiR-29a suppressed DNMT1, inhibited SOCS1 promoter methylation and upregulated its expression. Moreover, miR-29a promoted cell apoptosis, suppressed proliferation, inhibited migration and invasion via inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells. Conclusion: MiR-29a-DNMT1-SOCS1 axis plays an important role on invasion and metastasis in cervical cancer via NF-κB signaling pathway.

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    المصدر: Future Oncology. 16:317-328

    الوصف: Aim: There is a growing body of data on real-world use of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC). We aimed to characterize real-world T-VEC use using a nationally representative German prescription database covering 60% of prescriptions reimbursed. Patients & methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the German IMS® LRx prescription database, analyzing patients aged ≥18 years with an initial T-VEC prescription at 106 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml and ≥1 subsequent prescription at 108 PFU/ml. Median time on T-VEC treatment, patient characteristics and patterns of T-VEC use were described. Results: Of 127 patients prescribed T-VEC, 72 patients (57%) met study criteria. About two-thirds of these patients initiated T-VEC in 2017. Median age at T-VEC initiation was 74 years (range: 44 to 91). Most prescriptions (88%) were dispensed from hospitals. At study end, 26 (36%) patients remained on T-VEC; 46 (64%) had ended treatment. Median duration of T-VEC treatment for all patients was 18.7 weeks (95% CI: 15.3–26.9) and was longer among those who initiated treatment in 2017 versus 2016 (26.7 vs 15.6 weeks, respectively). Median volume administered for the first 106 PFU/ml and second 108 PFU/ml was 4 ml; the volume decreased for subsequent administrations (2 ml by the eighth administration and 1 ml by the 16th administration). Conclusion: This real-world prescription database study showed that patients who initiated treatment in 2017 had a treatment duration in clinical practice that corresponded with the European Summary of Product Characteristics guideline of continuing T-VEC for ≥6 months. Additional long-term data linking drug use with clinical outcomes are needed.

  7. 7

    المصدر: Future Oncology. 16:4429-4438

    الوصف: Patients with high-risk stage II melanoma are at significant risk for recurrence after surgical resection. Adjuvant treatment options to lower the risk for distant metastases are limited. Although adjuvant IFN-α2b is associated with improved relapse-free survival in patients with high-risk melanoma, toxicity and limited overall survival benefits limit its use. Adjuvant treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab significantly improved recurrence-free survival, compared with placebo, in patients with resected stage III melanoma in the Phase III KEYNOTE-054 trial; efficacy in patients with stage II disease has not been established. This article describes the design and rationale of KEYNOTE-716 (NCT03553836), a two-part, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter Phase III study of adjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with surgically resected high-risk stage II melanoma. Clinical trial registry & ID: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03553836

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    المصدر: Future Oncology. 15:133-139

    الوصف: Aim: A survival benefit was demonstrated by dabrafenib + trametinib for metastatic BRAF-mutated melanoma patients. Best response is a strong prognostic marker for survival. Patients & methods: The specific features associated with complete response (CR) were evaluated. Results: A total of 15/66 patients achieved CR. Median size of lesions was 3 cm (range: 0.5–10). Using that value as cut-off, the CR rate was 39.3% in patients with smaller lesions and 10.5% in patients with bigger size (p = 0.006). The clinical features associated with CR were the number of metastatic sites and the largest diameter of the biggest metastatic site. Conclusion: The number of the metastases and the diameter of the largest metastatic site are associated with a higher CR rate.

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    المساهمون: Franceschi E, Mura A, De Biase D, Tallini G, Pession A, Foschini MP, Danieli D, Pizzolitto S, Zunarelli E, Lanza G, Bartolini D, Silini EM, Visani M, Di Oto E, Tosoni A, Minichillo S, Lamberti G, Lanese A, Paccapelo A, Bartolini S, Brandes AA

    المصدر: Future Oncology. 14:1559-1567

    الوصف: Aim: To evaluate relevance of clinical and molecular factors in adult low-grade gliomas (LGG) and to correlate with survival. Methods: We reviewed records from adult LGG patients from 1991 to 2015 who received surgery and had sufficient tissue to molecular biomarkers characterization. Results: 213 consecutive LGG patients were included: 17.4% were low-risk, according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) risk assessment. IDH 1/2 mutation, 1p/19q co-deletion, MGMT methylation were found in 93, 50.8 and 65.3% of patients. Median follow-up was 98.3 months. In univariate analysis, overall survival was influenced by extent of resection (p = 0.011), IDH mutation (p

    وصف الملف: STAMPA

  10. 10

    المصدر: Immunotherapy. 9:467-470

    الوصف: No definitive cure is known for recurrent, persistent or metastatic cervical carcinoma. Chemotherapy remains the standard of care, although available options are scarce and do not provide satisfactory results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown a strong and prolonged response in several types of cancer, although only in a subset of patients. Defining the profile of the patients likely to benefit from such treatment is a subject of active research. Here, we present a case of a heavily pretreated patient with recurrent advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix who had exhausted all available treatment options and showed a striking response to the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab.