Additional file 1: Figure S1. Roots were destroyed in AAWE-treated rice. Figure S2. The AAWE-treated rice leaves were abnormal. Figure S3. Preliminary analysis of DEGs between control and AAWE-treated rice. Figure S4. Relative expression levels of genes in rice leaves and roots under AAWE treatment. Table S1. Details of key driver genes. Table S2. The sequence of gene-specific primers for RT-qPCR analysis.