المؤلفون: Sun, Fu-Sheng¹, Yu, Guang-Hui¹ yuguanghui78@foxmail.com, Polizzotto, Matthew L.¹, Ran, Wei¹, Shen, Qi-Rong¹

المصدر: Geoderma. Mar2019, Vol. 337, p238-245. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SYNCHROTRON radiation, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *SOIL testing, *ZINC analysis, *PLANT fertilization

مستخلص: Abstract Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that is generally deficient in soils to accommodate plant needs. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the concentration and availability of Zn in soils and plants through fertilization. Currently, however, the binding characteristics and fate of Zn in soils under various fertilization regimes remain unclear. Here, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) and synchrotron-radiation-based spectromicroscopies were used to identify functional groups responsible for Zn binding in soils following different fertilization treatments. The results showed that a 23-year long-term manure application significantly increased the concentrations of Zn in both soil and corn grain as compared to those having received a traditional inorganic NPK treatment. The 2DCOS analysis of FTIR spectra showed that aliphatic C mainly contributed to Zn binding in the NPK-treated soils, whereas Si O groups played a dominant role for Zn binding in the manure-treated soils. In soil dissolved organic matter, Zn2+ was first bound with Fe O, followed by aliphatic C and polysaccharide C in the NPK treatment, but bound with aliphatic C H prior to Si O in the manure treatment. Furthermore, synchrotron-radiation-based FTIR and μ-XRF spectromicroscopies indicated that the distribution of Zn, clay minerals, sesquioxides and C functional groups was heterogeneous at the micro-scale, suggesting a heterogeneous binding site for Zn in soils. Using μ-XRF spectromicroscopies, a strong spatial correlation at the submicron scale between Fe and Zn was found in soils, suggesting that Fe-bearing minerals, likely Fe (hydr) oxides, contributed binding sites for Zn. Together, these results indicate that combining 2DCOS and synchrotron-radiation-based spectromicroscopies yields useful information for exploring the binding mechanisms among micronutrients, minerals and organic components in soils, particularly revealing how binding sites for micronutrients in soils can be modified according to fertilization regime. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Fertilization regimes alter the concentrations of Zn in both soil and grain. • Fertilization regimes modify the binding characteristics of Zn in soils. • 2DCOS provides the binding sequencing of functional groups to Zn. • μ-FTIR and μ-XRF identify the binding sites of Zn at the submicron scale. • Fe minerals play a dominant role for Zn binding in manure treated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Silva, Emanuela dos Santos¹, da Silva, Erik Galvão Paranhos¹, Silva, Daniélen dos Santos¹, Novaes, Cleber Galvão¹ cgalvaonovaes@gmail.com, Amorim, Fábio Alan Carqueija¹, dos Santos, Márcio José Silva¹, Bezerra, Marcos Almeida¹

المصدر: Food Chemistry. Feb2019, Vol. 273, p9-14. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SOFT drinks, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *CHEMOMETRICS, *SELF-organizing maps, *MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics)

مستخلص: Highlights • Brazilian soft drinks could be differenced by chemometric tools. • PCA and ANN were compared in the pattern recognition capacity. • PCA and ANN were able to extract relevant information from soft drink samples. Abstract This study approaches the determination of nine elements from Brazilian carbonated soft drinks of several flavors and manufactures using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The concentrations of the elements varied as follows: (in µg L−1: Cu: 4.00–78.0; Fe: 74.0–506; Mn: 20.0–66.0; Zn: 104–584) and (in mg L−1: Ca: 4.81–16.2; K: 6.73–260; Na: 26.0–175; S: 1.43–5.41; P: 0.186–219). Principal component analysis has shown some tendencies to form two groups according to the drink flavor (orange and cola), but only cola presented a clear and complete separation. Using Kohonen maps, it was observed a tendency to form three flavor groups: (i) cola, (ii) orange and lemon, and (iii) guarana. However, this last tool proved to be more accurate in the groups' formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Santos, Herick M.¹, Coutinho, Janclei P.¹, Amorim, Fábio Alan C.¹, Lôbo, Ivon P.¹, Moreira, Luana S.¹, Nascimento, Madson M.¹, de Jesus, Raildo M.¹ rmota@uesc.br

المصدر: Food Chemistry. Feb2019, Vol. 273, p159-165. 7p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GUARANA, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *MICROWAVE chemistry, *NITRIC acid analysis, *CHEMICAL sample preparation, *INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma spectrometry

مستخلص: Graphical abstract Highlights • A microwave-assisted digestion procedure using diluted HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 was developed for guarana sample preparation. • Nutrient elements K, Mg, Ca, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn were determined by ICP OES. • Mixture design and desirability function were used to simultaneous optimization of 10 responses. • The procedure was applied for analysis of guarana seeds produced in Bahia state, Brazil. Abstract A microwave-assisted digestion procedure using diluted HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 was developed for multi-element determination in guarana samples by ICP OES. Optimization step was performed employing a mixture design with pseudocomponents using HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 and H 2 O. The analytical signal of each element, residual acidity and residual carbon content were optimized simultaneously using the desirability function. The best condition for digestion of a 250 mg sample mass resulted from a mixture constituted by 1.0 mL of HNO 3 , 3.0 mL of H 2 O 2 and 6.0 mL of H 2 O. This condition allowed final digests with residual acidity and residual carbon content of 0.4 mol L−1 and 6.5%, respectively. The method was validated and applied for the determination of K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in 72 guarana seed samples from Bahia state. This work presents unpublished results about the mineral composition of guarana seed samples produced in Bahia state, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Taylor, John F.¹ j.f.taylor@stir.ac.uk, Vera, Luisa M.¹, De Santis, Christian¹, Lock, Erik-Jan¹, Espe, Marit¹, Skjærven, Kaja H.¹, Leeming, Daniel¹, del Pozo, Jorge¹, Mota-Velasco, Jose¹, Migaud, Herve¹, Hamre, Kristin¹, Tocher, Douglas R.¹

المصدر: Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. Jan2019, Vol. 227, p106-121. 16p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MICRONUTRIENTS, *ATLANTIC salmon, *LIPID metabolism, *VITAMIN B2, *METABOLIC regulation

مستخلص: Abstract The effects of low marine ingredient diets supplemented with graded levels (L1, L2, L3) of a micronutrient package (NP) on growth and metabolic responses were studied in diploid and triploid salmon parr. Diploids fed L2 showed significantly improved growth and reduced liver, hepatic steatosis, and viscerosomatic indices, while fish fed L3 showed suppressed growth rate 14 weeks post feeding. In contrast, dietary NP level had no effect on triploid performance. Whole body mineral composition, with exception of copper, did not differ between diet or ploidy. Whole fish total AAs and N-metabolites showed no variation by diet or ploidy. Free circulating AAs and white muscle N-metabolites were higher in triploids than diploids, while branch-chained amino acids were higher in diploids than triploids. Diploids had higher whole body α-tocopherol and hepatic vitamins K 1 and K 2 than triploids. Increased tissue B-vitamins for niacin and whole-body folate with dietary NP supplementation were observed in diploids but not triploids, while whole body riboflavin was higher in diploids than triploids. Hepatic transcriptome profiles showed that diploids fed diet L2 was more similar to that observed in triploids fed diet L3. In particular, sterol biosynthesis pathways were down-regulated, whereas cytochrome P450 metabolism was up-regulated. One‑carbon metabolism was also affected by increasing levels of supplementation in both ploidies. Collectively, results suggested that, for optimised growth and liver function, micronutrient levels be supplemented above current National Research Council (2011) recommendations for Atlantic salmon when fed low marine ingredient diets. The study also suggested differences in nutritional requirements between ploidy. Highlights • Plant based diets can support optimal growth in diploid salmon parr when micronutrient inclusion levels are increased • Different micronutrient supplementation affected lipid metabolism, cytochrome P450 genes and one-carbon metabolism • Dietary micronutrient requirements differ between ploidy • NRC 2011 minimum dietary recommendations for Atlantic salmon need to be revised when utilising low marine ingredient diets [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Long, Julie M¹, Mondal, Prasenjit², Westcott, Jamie E¹, Miller, Leland V¹, Islam, M Munirul², Ahmed, Mondar², Mahfuz, Mustafa², Ahmed, Tahmeed², Krebs, Nancy F¹ nancy.krebs@ucdenver.edu

المصدر: Journal of Nutrition. 2019, Vol. 149 Issue 1, p98-105. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *ZINC content of food, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *TODDLERS development, *BIOLOGICAL tags, *METAL absorption & adsorption

مستخلص: Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the small bowel, is suspected to impair absorption of micronutrients, including zinc.Objective: The objective of this study was to compare zinc absorption from micronutrient powder (MNP) over a range of zinc doses in young children screened for EED with use of the lactulose:mannitol ratio (L:M).Methods: Bangladeshi children aged 18-24 mo, grouped according to high and low L:M (≥0.09 and <0.09, respectively), were randomly assigned to MNP with 0, 5, 10, or 15 mg Zn/sachet (10 subjects per dose per L:M group). Over a day, fractional absorption of zinc was measured from an MNP-fortified meal and from unfortified meals with stable isotope tracers; total daily absorbed zinc (TAZ, milligrams per day) was determined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included investigation of relations of TAZ to intake, to physiologic requirement, and to other variables, including biomarkers of systemic and intestinal inflammation, using nonlinear models. TAZ was also compared with published data on child zinc absorption.Results: In 74 subjects who completed the study, zinc absorption did not differ by L:M grouping. Most biomarkers of intestinal inflammation were elevated in both L:M groups. For combined L:M groups, mean ± SD TAZ for each MNP dose (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg/sachet) was 0.57 ± 0.30, 0.68 ± 0.31, 0.90 ± 0.43, and 1.0 ± 0.39 mg/d, respectively (P = 0.002), and exceeded the estimated physiologic requirement only for the 10- and 15-mg MNP doses. Zinc absorption was notably lower at all intake levels compared with published data (P < 0.0001) and was inversely related to serum α-1 acid glycoprotein and to fecal Entamoeba histolytica (P = 0.02).Conclusion: Results indicate impaired absorption of zinc, which may predispose to zinc deficiency in young children with evidence of enteropathy. These findings suggest that current doses of zinc in MNP may be insufficient to yield zinc-related preventative benefits in similar settings. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02758444. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Lovato, Giovanna¹, Albanez, Roberta¹, Stracieri, Lucas¹, Ruggero, Letícia Scudeler¹, Ratusznei, Suzana Maria¹, Rodrigues, José Alberto Domingues¹ rodrigues@maua.br

المصدر: Biochemical Engineering Journal. Oct2018, Vol. 138, p81-90. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *HYDROGEN production, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *BIOMASS, *HEAT shock proteins, *BIODIESEL fuels

مستخلص: Highlights • Temperature effect in the mesophilic range (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) was assessed. • Best condition for H 2 : 30 °C – which led to 129.0 molH 2. m−3.d-1. • Micronutrients solution and inoculum pretreatment increase H 2 productivity. • H 2 productivity increases until 30 °C, but at 35 °C it drops due to biomass growth. • Activation energies of 110–220 kJ.mol−1 were estimated for acidogenesis. Abstract Anaerobic processes are strongly influenced by temperature and there is considerable disagreement about the ideal or even an ideal range of temperature for biological hydrogen production. Hence, this paper was designed to study the temperature effect in the mesophilic range (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) on biohydrogen production in AnSBBR (anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor) that co-digested dairy industry effluent (cheese whey) and biodiesel production effluent (glycerin). Influence of the inoculum heat shock pretreatment and micronutrients solution added to influent were also assessed. The best condition for hydrogen production was at the temperature of 30 °C, in which it was achieved a productivity of 129.0 molH 2. m−3.d-1 and a yield of 5.4 molH 2.kgCOD-1. Both micronutrient solution and inoculum pretreatment were proven necessary for a better hydrogen productivity. Productivity increased until 30 °C, but at 35 °C the exacerbated amount of biomass produced caused a rapid decrease in hydrogen production. From the kinetic model, it was observed that the majority of hydrogen production comes from the acidogenesis phase (k 1H = 1.4 h-1, k 3H = 1.4 h-1, k 4H = 1.4 h-1). The calculated kinetic constants were used to estimate the activation energy of each reaction of the acidogenesis phase by using the Arrhenius model: 110–220 kJ.mol-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Sirot, Véronique¹ sirotv@gmail.com, Traore, Thiema¹, Guérin, Thierry², Noël, Laurent^2,3, Bachelot, Morgane¹, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre⁴, Mazur, André⁵, Glorennec, Philippe^6,7, Vasseur, Paule⁸, Jean, Julien¹, Carne, Géraldine¹, Gorecki, Sébastien¹, Rivière, Gilles¹, Hulin, Marion¹

المصدر: Food & Chemical Toxicology. Oct2018, Vol. 120, p625-633. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *HEALTH risk assessment, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *CHILD nutrition, *CHILDREN, *POLLUTANTS, *HEALTH

مصطلحات جغرافية: FRANCE

مستخلص: Abstract A total diet study (TDS) was conducted between 2010 and 2016 to assess the risk associated with chemicals in food of non-breast-fed children under three living in France. 291 composite food samples were prepared “as consumed” and analyzed for 16 trace elements: aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), strontium (Sr), tellurium (Te), tin (Sn), vanadium (V). Dietary exposure was assessed for 705 representative children using food consumptions recorded through a 3-consecutive-days record. For inorganic mercury, chromium III, and antimony, the exposure levels were lower than the health-based guidance values and the risk was considered tolerable. Conversely, the exposure levels to inorganic arsenic, lead and nickel were higher than the health-based guidance values for a part of children and were considered as a concern, requiring management measures to reduce the exposure. For aluminium, methylmercury, strontium, chromium VI, cobalt, and barium, a risk could not be ruled out because of uncertainty sources. As a precautionary measure, reducing the exposure is recommended. For chemicals without robust health-based guidance value (organic arsenic, gallium, germanium, silver, tin, tellurium and vanadium), additional data are needed for risk assessment. Highlights • A total diet study was conducted between 2010 and 2016 to assess the dietary risk for children associated with chemicals. • The targeted population was non breastfed children under 3 years of age living in France. • Sixteen trace elements were analyzed in 457 composite food samples. • For inorganic arsenic, lead and nickel the exposure levels were of concern. • Efforts should continue to understand the origin of the contamination and further reduce the exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Saldanha Tschinkel, Paula Fabiana¹, Bjørklund, Geir² bjorklund@conem.org, Conón, Lourdes Zélia Zanoni¹, Chirumbolo, Salvatore³, Nascimento, Valter Aragão¹

المصدر: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. Oct2018, Vol. 106, p605-609. 5p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MICRONUTRIENTS, *AUTISM spectrum disorders, *BLOOD plasma, *NEUROTOXICOLOGY, *PUBLIC health, *PATIENTS

مصطلحات جغرافية: BRAZIL

مستخلص: The association between the plasma levels of trace elements, such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se), in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), has attracted the interest of many physicians in the very recent years, because the impaired homeostatic regulation of trace elements, including their levels in the bloodstream and their potential neurotoxicity, contribute to the onset and exacerbation of ASD. In this study, we investigated 23 pediatric subjects (≤ 18 yrs old, both sexes) with ASD, all residents in the city of Campo Grande in Brazil, by searching for their micronutrient levels in plasma in relation with metabolic and nutrition biomarkers. Aside for the few evidence reported, generally, the Brazilian cohort of ASD children here examined did not show a marked difference in micro-nutrient intake in relation with their resident geographical area and their dietary habit or metabolic state, although a slight difference in the levels of magnesium and phosphorus was retrieved due to sex difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Jones, Andrew D¹ (AUTHOR) jonesand@umich.edu, Creed-Kanashiro, Hilary² (AUTHOR), Zimmerer, Karl S³ (AUTHOR), Haan, Stef de⁴ (AUTHOR), Carrasco, Miluska² (AUTHOR), Meza, Krysty² (AUTHOR), Cruz-Garcia, Gisella S⁵ (AUTHOR), Tello, Milka⁶ (AUTHOR), Amaya, Franklin Plasencia⁷ (AUTHOR), Marin, R Margot² (AUTHOR), Ganoza, Lizette² (AUTHOR), de Haan, Stef⁴ (AUTHOR), Plasencia Amaya, Franklin⁷ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Nutrition. Oct2018, Vol. 148 Issue 10, p1625-1637. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *AGROBIODIVERSITY, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *AGRICULTURAL ecology, *SUBSISTENCE farming, *WOMEN'S nutrition, *AGRICULTURE, *BIOTIC communities, *BUSINESS, *COMPARATIVE studies, *FAMILIES, *FOOD supply, *RESEARCH methodology, *MEDICAL cooperation, *NUTRITIONAL assessment, *EDIBLE plants, *RESEARCH, *RURAL population, *SURVEYS, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *EVALUATION research, *FOOD diaries, *NUTRITIONAL status, *ODDS ratio

مصطلحات جغرافية: PERU

مستخلص: Background: The extent to and mechanisms by which agricultural biodiversity may influence diet diversity and quality among women are not well understood.Objectives: We aimed to 1) determine the association of farm-level agricultural biodiversity with diet diversity and quality among women of reproductive age in Peru and 2) determine the extent to which farm market orientation mediates or moderates this association.Methods: We surveyed 600 households with the use of stratified random sampling across 3 study landscapes in the Peruvian Andes with diverse agroecological and market conditions. Diet diversity and quality among women were assessed by using quantitative 24-h dietary recalls with repeat recalls among 100 randomly selected women. We calculated a 10-food group diet diversity score (DDS), the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator, probability of adequacy (PA) of 9 micronutrients by using a measurement-error model approach, and mean PA (MPA; mean of PAs for all nutrients). Agricultural biodiversity was defined as a count of crop species cultivated by the household during the 2016-2017 agricultural season.Results: In regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic and agricultural characteristics, farm-level agricultural biodiversity was associated with a higher DDS (incidence rate ratio from Poisson regression: 1.03; P < 0.05) and MPA (ordinary least-squares β-coefficient: 0.65; P < 0.1) and higher odds of achieving a minimally diverse diet (MDD-W: OR from logistic regression: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.23) and a diet that met a minimum threshold for micronutrient adequacy (MPA >60%: OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35). Farm market orientation did not consistently moderate these associations, and in path analyses we observed no consistent evidence of mediation of these associations by farm market orientation.Conclusions: Farm-level agricultural biodiversity was associated with moderately more diverse and more micronutrient-adequate diets among Peruvian women. This association was consistent across farms with varying levels of market orientation, although agricultural biodiversity likely contributed to diets principally through subsistence consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Behera, Sanjib Kumar¹ (AUTHOR), Shukla, Arvind Kumar¹ (AUTHOR) arvindshukla2k3@yahoo.co.in, Pachauri, Satya Pratap² (AUTHOR), Shukla, Vimal¹ (AUTHOR), Sikaniya, Yogesh¹ (AUTHOR), Srivastava, Prakash Chandra² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: CATENA. Jun2023, Vol. 226, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *COPPER, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *SULFUR, *SOILS, *IRON, *CARBON in soils, *TOPSOIL, *IRON-manganese alloys

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA, UTTARAKHAND (India)

مستخلص: • We recorded change in spatial variability of soil nutrients in a hilly region of India over a period of 6 years. • Mean concentrations of plant available S, Fe, B and Mo in soil declined during 6 years. • Soil nutrients had exponential best fitted model with moderate to strong spatial dependence. • The areas with lower concentration of plant available S, B and Mo increased over a period of 6 years. Knowledge about spatio-temporal variabilities of plant available (hereafter called available) nutrients in soils is important for undertaking revised and efficient site-specific soil nutrient management practices in order to achieve higher crop production and nutrient use efficiency in different parts of the world. Despite emerging deficiencies of available sulphur (AS) and micronutrients in various soil-crop situations, the information pertaining to temporal changes in spatial variability of AS and available micronutrients in soils of different parts of the world is limited due to scarce studies in the said area. The present study was carried out to assess and compare the status and spatial as well as temporal distribution pattern of AS, available micronutrients, and some selected soil properties [soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil organic carbon (SOC)] in cultivated soils of a hilly region of India, in 6 years (2015–2021). We also visualized correlations among soil properties, AS, and available micronutrients, and studied spatial structures of the soil parameters. We collected altogether 2, 871 (1, 127 in 2015 and 1, 774 in 2021) georeferenced representative topsoil (0–15 cm depth) samples from cultivated areas of Uttarakhand state of India and analysed. Soil properties, AS and available micronutrients exhibited moderate variability with coefficient of variation (CV) values ranging from 10 to 100%. The mean values of AS and available micronutrients in 2015 and 2021 differed significantly, as revealed by t -test. The mean concentrations of AS (13.2 mg kg−1), available iron (AFe) (36.5 mg kg−1), available boron (AB) (0.92 mg kg−1) and available molybdenum (AMo) (0.40 mg kg−1) in 2021 were significantly lower than the concentrations of AS (44.7 mg kg−1), AFe (42.8 mg kg−1), AB (1.46 mg kg−1), and Amo (0.94 mg kg−1) in 2015. The AS concentration was positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.064 p < 0.05 in 2015, r = 0.261 p < 0.01 in 2021) with soil pH and negatively and significantly correlated (r = −0.082 p < 0.01 in 2015, r = −0.125 p < 0.01 in 2021) with SOC in both the years. There were positive and significant correlations of SOC with available zinc (AZn) (r = 0.111 p < 0.01), available copper (ACu) (r = 0.062 p < 0.05) and AB (r = 0.159 p < 0.01) in 2015 and with AZn (r = 0.101 p < 0.01), AFe (r = 0.187 p < 0.01), ACu (r = 0.164 p < 0.01), available manganese (AMn) (r = 0.169 p < 0.01) and AMo (r = 0.266 p < 0.01) in 2021. The exponential model was found to be best fitted for all of soil parameters with lower MSE values (−0.007 to 0.006 in 2015 and −0.010 to 0.012 in 2021) in both the years of estimation. The nugget/sill ratios (varied from 0.32 to 0.74 in 2015 and from 0.29 to 0.57 in 2021) indicated the moderate spatial dependence for all the soil parameters except AFe (nugget/sill ratio 0.14, strong spatial dependence) in 2015 and EC (nugget/sill ratio 0.24, strong spatial dependence) in 2021.There were varied distribution patterns of soil properties, AS and available micronutrients in the study area for both the years of estimation. The distribution patterns of AS, AB and AMo changed to a greater extent over the period of time. Thus, the study highlighted the change in spatial variability of AS and available micronutrients in the study area over a period of 6 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]