المؤلفون: Faisal Arif, William L. Hickerson, Ibrahim Sultan-Ali, David M Hill, Sai R Velamuri, Christopher T. Buckley

المصدر: Burns Open, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 132-136 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Resuscitation, medicine.medical_treatment, Rhabdomyolysis, Sepsis, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hemofiltration, lcsh:Dermatology, Medicine, business.industry, Renal replacement therapy, Myoglobinuria, Acute kidney injury, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, lcsh:RC86-88.9, lcsh:RL1-803, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, Amputation, Anesthesia, business, Burns

الوصف: The purpose of this case was to report the impact of early use of high-volume hemofiltration on a previously healthy male admitted after sustaining a high-voltage electrical injury. Initial labs revealed acute kidney injury secondary to rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria. The patient required fasciotomies to the three affected extremities and a right above the elbow amputation. Aggressive fluid resuscitation failed to maintain urine output above 20 mL/h. By 24 h, the patient had a 12.8 L positive fluid balance. High-volume hemofiltration was initiated at 60 mL/kg/h using a system with a high cut-off filter for acute kidney injury and volume management. Urine myoglobin was negative by day 3 and serum myoglobin decreased to 221.46 nmol/L. He was extubated on day 5, achieved euvolemia on day 6, and high-volume hemofiltration was discontinued on day 13 with subsequent full renal recovery. He underwent several staged surgeries for burn wound excision and grafting, and the left lower extremity was salvaged. His length of stay was prolonged due to multiple social barriers, but free of sepsis and pneumonia. Early initiation of high-volume hemofiltration with a high cut-off filter helped to expedite removal of acute kidney injury and enable more effective volume management to minimize complications of high-voltage electrical injury and its treatment and likely improve outcomes.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::901a78e8f397d547ce9ad46329a648abTest
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912220300249Test

المؤلفون: Nerissa Cruz-Marcelino, Abdullah Akkam, Saleh Alshehri, Faisal Almazroua, Amina Joarder, Biswadev Mitra

المصدر: Burns Open, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 90-93 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Population, Saudi Arabia, Pediatric burn, Burn ICU, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Chart review, Hospital discharge, lcsh:Dermatology, Medicine, Severe burn, education, education.field_of_study, Flames, business.industry, Medical record, Glasgow Coma Scale, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, lcsh:RC86-88.9, lcsh:RL1-803, Emergency medicine, business

الوصف: Background Pediatric burn injury is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Among survivors, long-term morbidity may have substantial impact. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of pediatric patients admitted to the burns ICU at King Saud Medical City (KSMC) over a 10-year period. Methodology This was a retrospective cohort study and included all admitted patients to the burn ICU aged 0–14 years from January 2009 to December 2018. Explicit chart review of medical records was performed to extract demographics, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on arrival, mechanism and extent of injury and in-hospital outcomes. Results There were 787 pediatric patients admitted in burn ICU over a period of 10 years. Of these, 56.4% were males and 54.7% were Saudi nationals. Most (73.8%) of injuries occurred at home, with 77% occurring were when the child was playing, and 81% were sustained from open flames. Most patients (757, 96%) admitted to the ICU were intubated with 499 (63.4%) diagnosed with inhalation injury. Patients spent an average of 12.6 (4.7) days in the burn ICU. There were 199 (25.3%) deaths at hospital discharge, and among patients discharged alive, 37.1% were discharged to inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion There was substantial burden of severe burns in the KSA with majority secondary to flame injury and mostly occurring at home. Inhalation injury was common and indicates requirement for focused education on resuscitative strategies. Population-based education programs are indicated to reduce burn injuries and should be targeted to domestic settings in in the KSA.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a5fa3cabf0ae50d41cad86763a07a68dTest
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912220300298Test

المؤلفون: Anthony de Buys Roessingh, Nathalie Hirt-Burri, Lydie Laurent, Alexis Laurent, Wassim Raffoul, Michel Monod, Olivier Pantet, Lee Ann Applegate, Philippe Laurent

المصدر: Burns Open, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 110-116 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Aspergillus fumigatus, Nephrotoxicity, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Amphotericin B, lcsh:Dermatology, Medicine, Potency, Adverse effect, Aspergillus, biology, business.industry, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, lcsh:RC86-88.9, lcsh:RL1-803, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, Unbound drug, Liposomes, Liposomal amphotericin, business, Burns, Infection, Stability, medicine.drug

الوصف: Background: Systemic fungal infections are an important mortality factor when considering severely burned patients. Preventive topical pharmacotherapeutic management of deep fungal infections remains of secondary concern when initially treating a burn victim, despite high inherent lethal risks. Indeed, the possible subsequent invasions of newly accessible deep tissues and bone by opportunistic fungi often prove fatal. Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent of choice for infections in burn victims. Intravenous administration is limited by drug-related nephrotoxicity. Novel topical Amphotericin B preparations to be applied in burn centers would therefore limit the systemic adverse effects of the active principle while preventing dissemination of sensitive pathogens and thus help reducing infectious and drug-related mortality. Objective: To establish the need for new topical pharmacotherapeutic management options to treat burn wound fungal infections and conceptually determine the applicability of liposomal Amphotericin B for such cases. Methods: Experimental liposomal Amphotericin B was prepared with commercial components and tested in vitro in our mycology laboratory to determine efficacy, stability and potential for topical application on our burn patients. Results: Data showed equivalent or superior in vitro activity of liposomal Amphotericin B versus unbound drug against Aspergillus fumigatus and superior physical and pharmacologic effect stability over time. Conclusion: Topical and relatively inexpensive liposomal Amphotericin B as described in this work is an interesting, potentially mortality-reducing candidate regarding fungal infections in early and severe burn wound management.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::794ef03a31436a32b08c25c77c085cf1Test
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912219300434Test

المؤلفون: Mohamed Sherif Salah Al-Deen, Hazim Mohamed Rizk, Asmaa Aly Emam

المصدر: Saudi Dental Journal, Vol 32, Iss 5, Pp 224-231 (2020)
The Saudi Dental Journal

مصطلحات موضوعية: Platelet‑rich fibrin, Bone density, medicine.medical_treatment, Fistula, Dentistry, lcsh:Medicine, Revascularization/revitalization, Revascularization, Crown (dentistry), law.invention, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immature necrotic permanent maxillary central incisors, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Maxillary central incisor, General Dentistry, business.industry, lcsh:R, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, Platelet-rich fibrin, lcsh:RK1-715, Platelet-rich plasma, lcsh:Dentistry, Original Article, Platelet rich plasma, business

الوصف: Objectives The research aims to assess the regenerative potential of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) versus Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) scaffolds in immature permanent maxillary central incisors with necrotic pulps, clinically and radiographically. Trial design Double blinded parallel randomized controlled trial was implemented to identify the results. Subject & methods The proposed study was conducted among 30 patients with maxillary necrotic permanent immature central incisors but only 26 patients fulfilled the study requirements. Group I was treated with PRP and Group II with PRF scaffolds. Follow up has been done every 3 months for one year. Primary outcomes were measured clinically: Pain, Mobility, Swelling, and Sinus/fistula. Radiographically: increase root length and width. Secondary outcomes were clinically: Discoloration and Sensibility test. Radiographically: increase in bone density measurements and decrease in apical diameter. Standardized radiographs were collected during the follow up period, and radiographic changes were measured by using Image J software. Statistical analysis was performed on 25 patients who had completed the study. Results All 25 patients' teeth were survived during the 12-month follow-up period. PRP showed marginal increase in radiographic root length and width, periapical bone density and a decrease in apical diameter. No statistical significant differences were observed when it was compared with PRF. The teeth which were treated did not respond to sensibility test at the end of the study. PRF displayed statistical significant higher amount of crown discoloration when compared to PRP group. Conclusions For necrotic immature teeth, revascularization using PRP is an appropriate alternative to PRF and showed excellent 12-months prognosis.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b4fd14a2b6337c0f271552787a6f3186Test
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101390521930642XTest

المؤلفون: Rejane Pereira Neves, Reginaldo Gonçalves de Lima-Neto, Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira, Carlos Alberto Tiburcio Valeriano, Armando Marsden Lacerda, Cláudia Elise Ferraz, Ertênia Paiva Oliveira, Cícero Pinheiro Inácio

المصدر: JAAD Case Reports
JAAD Case Reports, Vol 6, Iss 10, Pp 988-992 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, sporotrichosis, Dermatology, dissemination, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, lcsh:Dermatology, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, Case Series, Mycosis, biology, Sporotrichosis, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Public health, Zoonosis, Outbreak, Endemic area, lcsh:RL1-803, zoonosis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, endemic, business

الوصف: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by thermodimorphic fungi of Sporothrix schenckii complex and is usually transmitted as a result of traumatic inoculation of these microorganisms; infection can produce a number of manifestations. 1,2 In Brazil, sporotrichosis has been a major public health issue, with multiple outbreaks occurring because of zoonotic transmission, including contact with cats, and S brasiliensis is the most prevalent agent in Rio de Janeiro State.3,4 Immunocompromised individuals are thought to be at increased risk of developing a more severe clinical presentation.5 Disseminated sporotrichosis in immunocompetent individuals as result of contact with cats has becoming increasingly reported. 6,7 Historically, cases of sporotrichosis in the Brazilian northeast have been infrequently reported, and this was not thought to be an endemic area for this mycosis. Herein, we report 4 cases of disseminated sporotrichosis in patients in a public hospital in Pernambuco. Publication of this case series report was granted institutional review board approval by the Ethics Committee in Research at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e8bcef6f32a4d7d514486758bf960829Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7508904Test

المؤلفون: Eva Rawlings Parker

المصدر: International Journal of Women's Dermatology
International Journal of Women's Dermatology, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 17-27 (2021)
Int J Womens Dermatol

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Air pollution, Climate change, Dermatology, Review, medicine.disease_cause, Article, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nonmelanoma skin cancer, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Agency (sociology), lcsh:Dermatology, Medicine, Skin cancer, Melanoma, business.industry, Global warming, lcsh:RL1-803, medicine.disease, Circumstantial evidence, Harm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business

الوصف: Background Climate change is broadly affecting human health, with grave concern that continued warming of the earth’s atmosphere will result is serious harm. Since the mid-20th century, skin cancer incidence rates have risen at an alarming rate worldwide. Objective This review examines the relationship between climate change and cutaneous carcinogenesis. Methods A literature review used the National Institutes of Health databases (PubMed and Medline), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and International Agency for Research on Cancer registries, and published reports by federal and international agencies and consortia, including the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Climate and Clean Air Coalition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United Nations Environment Programme, World Health Organization, and World Meteorological Organization. Results Skin cancer risk is determined by multiple factors, with exposure to ultraviolet radiation being the most important. Strong circumstantial evidence supports the hypothesis that factors related to climate change, including stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming, and ambient air pollution, have likely contributed to the increasing incidence of cutaneous malignancy globally and will continue to impose a negative on influence skin cancer incidence for many decades to come. Conclusion Because much of the data are based on animal studies and computer simulations, establishing a direct and definitive link remains challenging. More epidemiologic studies are needed to prove causality in skin cancer, but the evidence for overall harm to human health as a direct result of climate change is clear. Global action to mitigate these negative impacts to humans and the environment is imperative.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f78c353a8726b2bcb6f3799daa15d3b4Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7838246Test

المؤلفون: Abdullah Mahmoud Riyahi, Fahd A. Aljarbou, Fahad Alharbi, Mubashir Baig Mirza, Hadi M Alamri

المصدر: Saudi Dental Journal, Vol 32, Iss 5, Pp 250-254 (2020)
The Saudi Dental Journal

مصطلحات موضوعية: Molar, Cone beam computed tomography, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Saudi population, Mandibular second molar, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistical significance, Medicine, Root canal anatomy, Two-rooted maxillary molars, education, General Dentistry, Orthodontics, education.field_of_study, Root morphology, business.industry, Upper molars, lcsh:R, 030206 dentistry, Root canal morphology, lcsh:RK1-715, Maxillary second molars, lcsh:Dentistry, Original Article, sense organs, business

الوصف: Highlights • Most of the scans showed three roots (92%), while two roots is (6.6%), four roots is (1.1%), and one root is (0.3%). • Males and females showing greater tendencies for three and two roots, respectively. • There was no differences between teeth sides.
Introduction Root morphology and canal anatomy of maxillary molars shows several complexities and variations. Knowledge of these is essential for successful endodontic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the morphology of the maxillary second molars in a Saudi Arabian sub-population in relation to gender, age, and nationality, as well as to analyze the anatomical symmetry between the left and right side in each individual. Methodology 420 digitized cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were collected, of which 351 scans met the inclusion criteria. Number of roots and canals at three different levels of the root in each case was counted at all available sides and compared on the basis of the study variables. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results Most of the patients (n = 323, 92%) had three roots, while two roots (n = 23, 6.6%), four roots (n = 4, 1.1%), and one root (n = 1, 0.3%) were less frequently observed. A significant correlation between female patients and the presence of two canals, while male patients showed a higher correlation with the presence of four canals at all levels. There also was a correlation between Saudi participants and the presence of four canals at all levels. No significant correlation in symmetry between the left and right side root canal anatomy was found. There was an inverse relation between the number of canals and age. Conclusion Considering the limitations in this study, it appears that the Saudi population is more likely to have three- and two-rooted maxillary second molars, with males and females showing greater tendencies to having three and two roots, respectively.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3eb3e5735c021d3fe9dac377bf533804Test
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905219307722Test

المؤلفون: Maysoon Haji Albahiti

المصدر: Saudi Dental Journal, Vol 32, Iss 4, Pp 213-218 (2020)
The Saudi Dental Journal

مصطلحات موضوعية: Mechanical irrigation devices, Root canal, Dentistry, lcsh:Medicine, Microbial infection, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Practices, Root canal treatment, medicine, Jeddah, General Dentistry, Government sector, health care economics and organizations, business.industry, Significant difference, lcsh:R, 030206 dentistry, Human decontamination, Private sector, lcsh:RK1-715, medicine.anatomical_structure, Knowledge, lcsh:Dentistry, Original Article, In degree, business

الوصف: Background The periapical area is healed through disinfection of root canal system and reduction of microbial infection after root canal. Purpose To assess the knowledge of dental practitioners about decontamination during root canal treatment and the techniques used in the government and private sectors of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods 103 dental practitioners and interns from private and governmental sectors performing root canal treatment were included. To extract information, a questionnaire assessing knowledge and preferred techniques used in decontamination during root canals treatment was distributed. The association of variables was investigated using chi-square tests. Results The findings reflected that 82.5% of subjects used rubber dam for isolation with significantly more practitioner in the governmental (95.2%) as compared to the private sector (27.8%). Chelating agents were used by 13.3% of the practitioners in government sector and 1% practitioners in private sector (1%). The most commonly used irrigant was sodium hypochlorite. Calcium hydroxide was used more frequently in the governmental sector (29.8%) than in the private sector (11.8%), as intracanal medicament. Mechanical irrigation devices were used by 2.4% of practitioners in the governmental sector only. Conclusions There is a significant difference in practicing root canal disinfection techniques among dentists in governmental and private sectors but no difference in degree of knowledge.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0890c80ab994d939125e1326a76a3ba9Test
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905219304043Test

المؤلفون: Alessandro Oliveira De Jesus, Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar, Renata Gonçalves Resende, Patrícia Carlos Caldeira, Michelle Danielle Porto Matias

المصدر: Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Vol 86, Iss 3, Pp 358-363 (2020)
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Volume: 86, Issue: 3, Pages: 358-363, Published: 13 JUL 2020
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology v.86 n.3 2020
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial (ABORL-CCF)
instacron:ABORL-CCF

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Oral lesions, Disease, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Tongue, Diagnosis, medicine, Infecção por sífilis, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Syphilis, Syphilis infection, Epidemiologia, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Medical record, Diagnóstico, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Lesões orais, lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology, lcsh:RF1-547, Acquired syphilis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Public hospital, Penicillin G Benzathine, Female, business, Mouth Diseases, Oral medicine

الوصف: Introduction: A resurgence of syphilis in Brazil has been reported in recent years. Objective: With this in mind, the present study sought to investigate the frequency, demographics, and clinical characteristics of patients with acquired syphilis with oral involvement who received medical care at an Oral Medicine Reference Center in a Brazilian Public Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study, spanning a period of 12 years, was performed to identify changing trends in syphilis over time. Medical records from all patients diagnosed with acquired syphilis who received medical care at the Hospital's Oral Medicine Clinic from 2005 to 2016 were reviewed, and the demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: A total of 85 patients had been diagnosed with acquired syphilis, with a significant increase in the number of cases over the past 5 years. Patients ranged from 16 to 76 years of age, with a peak in the third and fourth decades. Forty-eight cases affected males (56.5%), while 37 cases affected females (43.5%). Most of the oral lesions appeared as unique ulcers or plaques, with the lips and tongue representing the most affected sites. All cases were positive for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory or Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption, and treatment was performed with Penicillin G benzathine in most cases (84.7%). Conclusion: The frequency of oral syphilis has been rising over time and oral lesions may well represent a diagnostic clue; therefore, oral health professionals must be made aware and properly trained in an attempt to develop a high degree of clinical suspicion in the diagnosis of syphilis. Resumo Introdução: Um ressurgimento da sífilis no Brasil tem sido relatado nos últimos anos. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência, as características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes com sífilis adquirida com envolvimento oral que receberam atendimento médico em um centro de referência em medicina oral em um hospital público brasileiro. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, abrangeu 12 anos, feito para identificar tendências de mudança na sífilis. Registros médicos de todos os pacientes diagnosticados com sífilis adquirida que receberam atendimento médico na clínica de medicina oral do hospital de 2005 a 2016 foram revisados e os dados demográficos e clínicos foram coletados. Resultados: Foram diagnosticas 85 pacientes com sífilis adquirida, com um aumento significativo no número de casos nos últimos 5 anos. A idade dos pacientes variou de 16 a 76 anos, com pico na terceira e quarta décadas; 48 casos eram do sexo masculino (56,5%) e 37 do sexo feminino (43,5%). A maioria das lesões orais apareceu como úlceras ou placas únicas, os lábios e a língua representaram os locais mais afetados. Todos os casos foram positivos para Venereal Disease Research Laboratory e Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Test e o tratamento foi feito com penicilina G benzatina na maioria dos casos (84,7%). Conclusão: A frequência da sífilis oral tem aumentado com o tempo e as lesões orais podem representar uma pista diagnóstica; portanto, os profissionais de saúde bucal devem ser conscientizados e devidamente treinados na tentativa de desenvolver um alto grau de suspeição clínica no diagnóstico da sífilis.

وصف الملف: text/html

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::302a33d35dde4e04e33ed00d7fd46398Test
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869418302994Test

المؤلفون: Noor Sahban Ibraheem, Mohammed Majid Abdulmunem, Noor Mohammed Al-Noori

المصدر: The Saudi Dental Journal
Saudi Dental Journal, Vol 33, Iss 7, Pp 674-678 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Local anesthesia, Lidocaine, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Asymptomatic, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cigarette smoking, Dental extraction, Medicine, General Dentistry, business.industry, Local anesthetic, Significant difference, RK1-715, 030206 dentistry, Dentistry, Anesthesia, Original Article, Onset of action, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug

الوصف: Smoking is harmful to all organs of the human body and can affect nerve response to local anesthesia. This study aimed to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on the amount and onset of local anesthesia, as well as the chief complaint (symptomatic and asymptomatic), number of cigarettes, and duration of smoking. Materials and methods A selective clinical case-control study carried out at the Oral Surgery Clinic of the Teaching Hospital at the College of Dentistry. One hundred and three male patients participated in the study, and they were divided into two groups (55 smokers and 48 nonsmokers). The patients received a local anesthetic agent (2% Lidocaine) in a 1.8 ml dental cartridge. The number of cartridges and the onset time of local anesthesia were detailed for each patient in a special case sheet prepared for this study. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the smoker and nonsmoker groups regarding the amount of local anesthetic solution (p = .041) with a higher amount needed in the smoker group; however, the onset of action showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.983). The symptomatic cases in smokers needed a higher amount of local anesthesia than the asymptomatic cases with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002). There was no relationship between daily cigarette consumption and the amount of local anesthetic solution (p = .054) and also the onset of local anesthesia (p = .938). The duration of smoking has no significant relationship with onset time (p = .480) and the amount of local anesthesia (p = .418). Conclusion The amount of local anesthesia used in smoker patients was higher than that in nonsmoker patients, especially if there were symptoms like pain. The duration of smoking and daily cigarette consumption had no effect on the amount and the onset of local anesthesia.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::35f90f00e04bd73d261df85f38e0d74bTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8589589Test