The unmet need for pediatric surgery incurs enormous health and economic consequences globally, predominantly shouldered by Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where children comprise almost half of the population. Lack of economic impact data on improving pediatric surgical infrastructure in SSA precludes informed allocation of limited resources towards the most cost-effective interventions to bolster global surgery for children. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of installing and maintaining a pediatric operating room in a hospital in Nigeria with a pre-existing pediatric surgical service by constructing a decision tree model of pediatric surgical delivery at this facility over a year, comparing scenarios before and after the installation of two dedicated pediatric operating rooms (ORs), which were funded philanthropically. Health outcomes measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted were informed by the hospital’s operative registry and prior literature. A societal perspective included costs incurred by the hospital system, charity, and patients’ families. Costs were annualized and reported in 2021 United States dollars ($). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of the annualized OR installation were presented from charity and societal perspectives. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. We found that the installation and maintenance of two pediatric operating rooms averted 1145 DALYs and cost $155,509 annually. Annualized OR installation cost was $87,728 (56% of the overall cost). The ICER of the OR installation was $152 per DALY averted (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 147-156) from the societal perspective, and $77 per DALY averted (95% UI 75-81) from the charity perspective. These ICERs were well under the cost-effectiveness threshold of the country’s half-GDP per capita in 2020 ($1043) and remained cost-effective in one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Installation of additional pediatric operating rooms in SSA with pre-existing pediatric surgical capacity is therefore very cost-effective, supporting investment in children’s global surgical infrastructure as an economically sound intervention.
