المؤلفون: Bellassoued, Khaled, Ghrab, Ferdaws, Hamed, Houda, Kallel, Rim, van Pelt, Jos, Lahyani, Amina, Ayadi, Fatma Makni, El Feki, Abdelfattah

المصدر: Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism; Jun2019, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p606-618, 13p, 2 Color Photographs, 10 Charts, 3 Graphs

مصطلحات موضوعية: ALKALINE phosphatase, ANIMAL experimentation, BARK, CHOLESTEROL, CINNAMON, CREATININE, ESSENTIAL oils, HEPATOTOXICOLOGY, HIGH density lipoproteins, HYDROCARBONS, KIDNEYS, LACTATE dehydrogenase, LIVER, LOW density lipoproteins, NEPHROTOXICOLOGY, RATS, TRIGLYCERIDES, UREA, MALONDIALDEHYDE, OXIDATIVE stress, ALANINE aminotransferase, IN vitro studies, IN vivo studies

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): The inner bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is widely used as a spice. Cinnamon plants are also a valuable source of essential oil used for medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil of C.verum bark (CvEO) and its protective effects in vivo on CCl4-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Groups of animals were pretreated for 7 days with CvEO (70 or 100 mg/kg body weight) or received no treatment and on day 7 a single dose of CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress. Twenty-four hours after CCl4 administration, the animals were euthanized. In the untreated group, CCl4 induced an increase in serum biochemical parameters and triggered oxidative stress in both liver and kidneys. CvEO (100 mg/kg) caused significant reductions in CCl4-elevated levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, urea, and creatinine and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein compared with the untreated group. Moreover, pretreatment with CvEO at doses of 70 and 100 mg/kg before administration of CCl4 produced significant reductions in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl levels in liver and kidney tissues compared with the untreated group. The formation of pathological hepatic and kidney lesions induced by the administration of CCl4 was strongly prevented by CvEO at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Overall, this study suggests that administration of CvEO has high potential to quench free radicals and alleviate CCl4-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (French): L'écorce interne de cannelle (Cinnamomum verum) est largement utilisée comme épice. Les plantes de cannelle sont également une source précieuse d'huiles essentielles utilisées à des fins médicinales. La présente étude détermine la composition, l'activité antioxydante in vitro de l'huile essentielle d'écorce de C. verum (CvEO) et ses effets protecteurs in vivo sur la toxicité hépatique et rénale induite par le CCl4 chez le rat. Des groupes d'animaux sont prétraités pendant sept jours avec différentes concentrations de CvEO ou d'une substance de contrôle et, au septième jour, on utilise une dose unique de CC14 pour induire un stress oxydatif chez le rat. On répartit les animaux 24 heures après l'administration de CCl4. Chez les rats témoins, le CC14 entraîne une augmentation des variables biochimiques sériques et déclenche un stress oxydatif dans le foie et les reins. Le CvEO (100 mg/kg) suscite une diminution significative des taux augmentés d'ALT, d'AST, d'ALP, de LDH, de γGT, de cholestérol total, de triglycérides, d'urée et de créatinine LDL et suscite une augmentation de la concentration d'HDL comparativement au groupe CCl4. De plus, le prétraitement avec le CvEO à des doses de 70 et 100 mg/kg de poids corporel chez les rats traités avec le CCl4 entraîne une diminution significative des concentrations de TBARS et de PCO dans les tissus hépatiques et rénaux par rapport au groupe recevant le CCl4. La formation de lésions hépatiques et rénales pathologiques induites par l'administration de CCl4 est fortement contrée par le CvEO à une dose de 100 mg/kg de masse corporelle. Dans l'ensemble, cette étude suggère que l'administration de CvEO présente un potentiel élevé d'extinction des radicaux libres et de diminution de la toxicité hépatorénale induite par le CC14 chez le rat. [Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Cristiani F. Bortolatto, Cristiano Ricardo Jesse, Angélica S. Reis, Lucielli Savegnago, Silvane Souza Roman, Cristiane Luchese, Mikaela P. Pinz, Ethel A. Wilhelm

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 95:1039-1045

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Antioxidant, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Intraperitoneal injection, Thioacetamide, Pharmacology, medicine.disease_cause, complex mixtures, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Organoselenium Compounds, Physiology (medical), Lactate dehydrogenase, mental disorders, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, General Medicine, Glutathione, Ascorbic acid, digestive system diseases, Rats, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, chemistry, Biochemistry, Alkaline phosphatase, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative stress

الوصف: The aim of this study was to investigate whether (E)-2-benzylidene-4-phenyl-1,3-diselenole (BPD) protects against hepatotoxicity induced by thioacetamide (TAA). On the first day of treatment, male adult Wistar rats received BPD (10 or 50 mg·kg–1). On the second day, the rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of TAA (400 mg·kg–1). Twenty-four hours after TAA administration, biochemical determinations and liver histological analysis were carried out. BPD (50 mg·kg–1) reduced plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased by TAA exposure. Treatment with BPD was effective against increased lipid peroxidation levels and attenuated a decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid levels as well as an inhibition of glutathione peroxidase activity caused by TAA exposure. The higher dose of BPD protected against the inhibition of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic dehydratase activity induced by TAA. Finally, histopathological examination of the liver showed that BPD markedly ameliorated TAA-induced hepatic injury. In conclusion, BPD protected against hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by TAA exposure in rats.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::85444151484f6ab91bbaa4e52927e3a0Test
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2016-0118Test

المؤلفون: M SuddekGhada

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 92:640-644

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Physiology, medicine.drug_class, Bilirubin, medicine.medical_treatment, Intraperitoneal injection, Protective Agents, Anti-inflammatory, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, Benzoquinones, medicine, Animals, Nigella sativa, skin and connective tissue diseases, Thymoquinone, Pharmacology, business.industry, Estrogen Antagonists, General Medicine, Glutathione, Tamoxifen, Endocrinology, Liver, chemistry, Alkaline phosphatase, Female, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug

الوصف: One of the major reasons for terminating a clinical trial is the liver toxicity induced by chemotherapy. Tamoxifen (TAM) is an anti-estrogen used in the treatment and prevention of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Tamoxifen therapy may cause hepatic injury. The seeds of Nigella sativa, which contain the active ingredient thymoquinone (TQ), have been used in folk medicine for diverse ailments. TQ is reported to possess anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, the protective effects of TQ against TAM-induced hepatotoxicity in female rats were evaluated. Four groups of rats were used: control; TAM; TQ; TAM+TQ. TAM (45 mg·(kg body mass)–1·day–1, by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), for 10 consecutive days) resulted in elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase, as well as depletion of reduced glutathione in the liver and accumulation of lipid peroxides. Also, TAM treatment inhibited the hepatic activity of superoxide dismutase. Further, it raised the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the liver and induced histopathological changes. Pretreatment with TQ (50 mg·(kg body mass)–1·day–1; orally, for 20 consecutive days, starting 10 days before TAM injection) significantly prevented the elevation in serum activity of the assessed enzymes. TQ significantly inhibited TAM-induced hepatic GSH depletion and LPO accumulation. Consistently, TQ normalized the activity of SOD, inhibited the rise in TNF-α and ameliorated the histopathological changes. In conclusion, TQ protects against TAM-induced hepatotoxicity.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9d0fb107a252bd239096b35fea0ae386Test
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0148Test

المؤلفون: D. J. Ecobichon

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 44:225-232

مصطلحات موضوعية: Electrophoresis, Isoflurophate, Physiology, Physostigmine, Acid Phosphatase, In Vitro Techniques, Naphthalenes, Esterase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Physiology (medical), Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine, Humans, Cholinesterase, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, biology, Esterases, Acid phosphatase, Brain, Acetylesterase activity, General Medicine, Human brain, Alkaline Phosphatase, Molecular biology, Enzyme, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, chemistry, biology.protein, Alkaline phosphatase, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Subcellular Fractions

الوصف: Water-soluble proteins and enzymes of human brain were separated by vertical zone electrophoresis in starch gel. Fifteen bands of esterase activity were detected in brain. Various substrates and inhibitors were used in efforts to identify enzymes in addition to a comparison of the esterase pattern with patterns obtained from other human tissues. One zone, composed of four bands of acetylesterase activity, was found to be common to all the tissues investigated with the exception of serum. Two bands of cholinesterase and two bands of A-esterase activity were identified. The remaining bands, which were aliesterases possessing broad overlapping substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity, were electrophoretically different from those of other tissues. Observations on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were recorded for comparison with the data on esterases.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::86f09f214a8c6e0d878a7de7c0851aeaTest
https://doi.org/10.1139/y66-027Test

المؤلفون: D. J. Ecobichon

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry. 44:1277-1283

مصطلحات موضوعية: Electrophoresis, Hydrolases, Acid Phosphatase, Dehydrogenase, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase, Kidney, Malate dehydrogenase, Poultry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Malate Dehydrogenase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Animals, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, biology, Muscles, Myocardium, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Esterases, Acid phosphatase, General Medicine, Alkaline Phosphatase, Molecular biology, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Liver, chemistry, Biochemistry, biology.protein, Alkaline phosphatase, Oxidoreductases, Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, Spleen

الوصف: Proteins in aqueous extracts of breast muscle, leg muscle, cardiac muscle, liver, kidney, and spleen of adult cockerels were compared by zone electrophoresis in starch gel in sodium cacodylate or sodium citrate – phosphate systems. The proteins and enzymes were located in the starch gel by a variety of histochemical techniques. A partial characterization of the tissue esterases was carried out with various substrates and specific inhibitors. The 18 bands of esterases detected in tissues were aliesterases of two different types. Tissue specific enzymic patterns were obtained for esterases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were detected only in the liver and kidney.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2cb3942b49333e81d7b03ee4a193b73dTest
https://doi.org/10.1139/o66-145Test

المؤلفون: M. E. Tumbleson, R. W. Bide, W. J. Dorward

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 53:697-707

مصطلحات موضوعية: Creatinine, Chemistry, Bilirubin, Fed cattle, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Food Animals, Biochemistry, Lactate dehydrogenase, Feedlot, Hay, Alkaline phosphatase, Animal Science and Zoology, Beet pulp

الوصف: In a preliminary study, 12 Hereford range cattle were fed in a feedlot for 105 days and 14-point biomedical profiles were prepared regularly at short intervals for the week prior to and during the feeding period to provide a clinical chemical view of the effects of the regimen upon cattle. The animals were fed for a week on local hay and then adapted to the grain diet (90% steam-rolled barley, 5% beet pulp, 5% of a commercial supplement containing 32% protein) by introducing the diet at 1.0 kg feed/100 kg body weight and increasing the ration 0.45 kg/head per 2 days. The hay ration was progressively reduced at the same time so that from the 8th day onward the animals were eating 0.9 kg/head per day and the grain diet ad libitum. Plasma cholesterol, Ca++, Cl−, bilirubin, creatinine, protein, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, urea nitrogen, glucose, Na+, and K+ were estimated at close intervals to provide linear biomedical profiles. Although no changes were observed that could be classified as pathological either from the clinical chemistry or post-mortem examination, significant changes were observed in the levels of some parameters and in most parameters the variance was significantly higher during the first 40 days of the feeding period. The changes observed would indicate that metabolic adaptation requires at least 40 days following the start of grain feeding in contrast to dietary adaptation, which is generally considered complete 2 days after the animals are eating the grain diet ad libitum.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::f0a22fa2b48d296bfca9760693895507Test
https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas73-111Test

المؤلفون: V. Baccari, Cristina Treves, Maria Teresa Vincenzini, Fabio Favilli, Paolo Vanni

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 62:55-59

مصطلحات موضوعية: chemistry.chemical_classification, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Detergents, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Alanine Transaminase, Lipase, General Medicine, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Synthetic Detergents, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Enzymes, Alcohol Oxidoreductases, Kinetics, Surface-Active Agents, Metabolic pathway, Enzyme, chemistry, Malate Dehydrogenase, Animals, Organic chemistry

الوصف: Eight highly purified and crystalline enzymes representative of fundamental metabolic pathways and of cellular structure were tested with seven detergents. The enzyme–detergent interaction was studied as a time-independent (inhibition) or time-dependent (inactivation) phenomenon. Our results imply a specificity of detergent action on the enzymes studied.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::13ea1e6328ecc8d278bf633c7249de6aTest
https://doi.org/10.1139/o84-009Test

المؤلفون: Mushtaq A. Saleem, Abdul Rauf Shakoori

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Zoology. 64:1628-1632

مصطلحات موضوعية: chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Glycogen, fungi, Acid phosphatase, Metabolism, Carbohydrate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Enzyme, Biochemistry, chemistry, Internal medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, biology.protein, medicine, Alkaline phosphatase, Animal Science and Zoology, Amylase, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

الوصف: Five days of starvation led to a significant increase in the amylase activity of sixth instar larvae of Tribolium castaneum. Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and glucose, glycogen, free amino acids, and RNA contents showed a significant decrease. Other parameters such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, total protein, soluble protein, lipids, cholesterol, and DNA content did not show any significant deviation. On prolongation of starvation for 10 days all the biochemical parameters tested were significantly reduced, except for the amylase activity and cholesterol content, which showed highly elevated values. The total and soluble protein content remained unaltered. Refeeding of starved larvae tended to normalize some of the parameters such as glucose, lipids, glycogen, and DNA. On the other hand, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, free amino acids, and RNA decreased drastically, whereas the soluble protein and cholesterol contents increased considerably in refed larvae.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::f4be1ba33b41c51f50d6beb5f3cf0ea6Test
https://doi.org/10.1139/z86-245Test

المؤلفون: A. K. W. Tong, A. H. Martin, A. P. Sather, H. Doornenbal

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 63:977-984

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Albumin, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Calcium, chemistry.chemical_compound, Blood serum, Endocrinology, Food Animals, chemistry, Lactate dehydrogenase, Internal medicine, medicine, Urea, Alkaline phosphatase, Animal Science and Zoology

الوصف: Blood samples from 120 pigs serially slaughtered at five age groups, starting at 85 days of age with intervals of 2 wk, were used to study the effects of sex, feeding regime and age on a 12 component metabolic blood serum profile. The differences between barrows and gilts were small and only significant (P

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::d3861fa0047e909e2ffa2869d82afbd9Test
https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas83-112Test

المؤلفون: C. K. Williamson, S. C. Elliott

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 13:1027-1032

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Streptococcus pyogenes, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Lactic dehydrogenase, Biology, Kidney, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Nephrotoxicity, Streptococcal Infections, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, Saline, Toxins, Biological, Nephritis, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Histocytochemistry, Renal tissue, General Medicine, Alkaline Phosphatase, Rats, Endocrinology, Rabbits, Ldh activity

الوصف: A histochemical and biochcrl~ical st~~dy of the reactions of IVistar rats and New Zealand rabbits to Strepto~occ~is pyoge?zes, type 12, strain H-8, and the nephrotoxin (NT) elaborated by these organisms is presented. il significant lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increase was found in the sera of all test rats 27 days following treatment with strcptococcal NT. However, before this increased activity was detected, a marlccd decrease in LDH activity \\as obtained as early as 1 day after the last NT injection. This decrease was modest in rats treated \\it11 1.0 n1g NT, but it was great \I hen the dosage of KT was increased to 5:O mg. Serum LDIl values also decreased progressively, up to about 2 weeks, 111 rabbits infected with nephritogenic streptococci or treated with streptococcal ncphrotoxin. Such serum LDI-I fluctuatio~ls did not occur in animals treated with saline or Todd-I-Ielvitt broth. Histoche~nical studies also suggested an initial inhibition by NT of LDI-I activity in renal tissue.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a793b3d0368f9090f48626aaa01ba4eaTest
https://doi.org/10.1139/m67-137Test