BackgroundThe hyperinflammatory cytokine storm (CS) of COVID-19 is mediated by GM-CSF leading to release of downstream inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and markers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP). The LIVE-AIR study demonstrated that lenzilumab, an anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, safely improved the likelihood of achieving the primary endpoint, survival without ventilation (SWOV) by 1.54-fold (HR: 1.54;95%CI: 1.02–2.32, p=0.0403) compared with placebo. An exploratory analysis in patients with CRP 18 years, and ≤94% oxygen saturation on room air and/or requiring supplemental oxygen, but not invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), were randomized to receive lenzilumab (600 mg, n=261) or placebo (n=259) via three intravenous infusions administered 8 hours apart. Participants were followed through Day 28 following treatment.ResultsOverall, baseline demographics were comparable between treatment groups: male, 64.7%;mean age, 60.5 years;mean BMI, 32.5 kg/m2;median CRP, 79 mg/L;CRP was 137 mg/L, HR: 1.17). The incidence of IMV, ECMO, or death was reduced (OR: 0.31;95%CI: 0.15–0.63, p=0.002) and mortality was improved by 2.22-fold (OR: 2.22;95%CI: 1.07–4.67, p=0.034). In these participants, lenzilumab decreased CRP as early as Day 2 following treatment, compared with placebo which was further decreased by 38% on Day 28 compared with placebo (24.4±3.4 mg/L vs 39.1±4.9 mg/L).ConclusionLenzilumab significantly improved SWOV in hospitalized, hypoxic participants with COVID-19 pneumonia with the greatest benefits in SWOV and survival in patients with CRP
