المؤلفون: Donghao Gan, Xiaowan Jin, Xiangpeng Wang, Chu Tao, Qinnan Yan, Qingyun Jia, Shaochuan Huo, Di Chen, Qing Yao, Guozhi Xiao

المصدر: Arthritis Research & Therapy, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Osteoarthritis, Joint immobilization, Remobilization, Synovial invasion, Osteophytes, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935

الوصف: Abstract Objective While joint immobilization is a useful repair method for intra-articular ligament injury and periarticular fracture, prolonged joint immobilization can cause multiple complications. A better understanding how joint immobilization and remobilization impact joint function and homeostasis will help clinicians develop novel strategies to reduce complications. Design We first determined the effects of long-term immobilization on joint pain and osteophyte formation in patients after an extraarticular fracture or ligament injury. We then developed a mouse model of joint immobilization and harvested the knee joint samples at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. We further determined the effects of remobilization on recovery of the osteoarthritis (OA) lesions induced by immobilization in mice. Results We found that the long-term (6 weeks) joint immobilization caused significant joint pain and osteophytes in patients. In mice, 2-week immobilization already induced moderate sensory innervation and increased pain sensitivity and infiltration in synovium without inducing marked osteophyte formation and cartilage loss. Long-term immobilization (4 and 8 weeks) induced more severe sensory innervation and inflammatory infiltration in synovium, massive osteophyte formation on both sides of the femoral condyle, and the edge of the tibial plateau and significant loss of the articular cartilage in mice. Remobilization, which ameliorates normal joint load and activity, restored to certain extent some of the OA lesions and joint function in mice. Conclusions Joint immobilization caused multiple OA-like lesions in both mice and humans. Joint immobilization induced progressive sensory innervation, synovitis, osteophyte formation, and cartilage loss in mice, which can be partially ameliorated by remobilization.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1478-6362Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3812ac66a4574f40a16874b6c71e2517Test

المؤلفون: Feng Wang, Ting Zhou, Chen Xu Zhou, Quan Bing Zhang, Hua Wang, Yun Zhou

المصدر: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Muscle atrophy, Remobilization, BNIP3-denpendent mitophagy, ROS, HIF-1α, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935

الوصف: Abstract Background Recent studies have shown that immobilization enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitophagy activity in atrophic skeletal muscle. However, there are relatively few studies examining the biological changes and underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle during remobilization. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of remobilization on skeletal muscle and explore the role of BNIP3-dependent mitophagy in this process. Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups based on immobilization and remobilization time: control (C), immobilization for two weeks (I-2w), and remobilization for one day (R-1d), three days (R-3d), seven days (R-7d), and two weeks (R-2w). At the end of the experimental period, the rectus femoris muscles were removed and weighed, and the measurements were expressed as the ratio of muscle wet weight to body weight (MWW/BW). Sirius Red staining was performed to calculate the values of cross-sectional area (CSA) of rectus femoris. Oxidative fluorescent dihydroethidium was used to evaluate the production of ROS, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also detected. The morphological changes of mitochondria and the formation of mitophagosomes in rectus femoris were examined and evaluated by transmission electron microscope. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the co-localization of BNIP3 and LC3B, while Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the levels of proteins associated with mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. The total ATP content of the rectus femoris was determined to assess mitochondrial function. Results Within the first three days of remobilization, the rats demonstrated decreased MWW/BW, CSA, and ATP concentration, along with increased ROS production and HIF-1α protein levels in the rectus femoris. Results also indicated that remobilization triggered BNIP3-dependent mitophagy, supported by the accumulation of mitophagosomes, the degradation of mitochondrial proteins (including HSP60 and COX IV), the elevation of BNIP3-dependent mitophagy protein markers (including BNIP3, LC3B-II/LC3B-I, and Beclin-1), and the accumulation of puncta representing co-localization of BNIP3 with LC3B. Additionally, PGC-1α, which is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, was upregulated within the first seven days of remobilization to counteract this adverse effect. Conclusion Our findings suggested that BNIP3-denpendent mitophagy was sustained activated at the early stages of remobilization, and it might contribute to the worsening of skeletal muscle atrophy.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2474Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3ed9226118b54dfa977eaec2c0cb207cTest

المؤلفون: Sandeep Sharma, Tarun Kumar, M. John Foulkes, Simon Orford, Anju Mahendru Singh, Luzie U. Wingen, Venkatesh Karnam, Lekshmy S. Nair, Pranab Kumar Mandal, Simon Griffiths, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Peter R. Shewry, Alison R. Bentley, Renu Pandey

المصدر: CABI Agriculture and Bioscience, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomass partitioning, Grain protein concentration, Grain protein deviation, Low soil nitrogen, Nitrogen remobilization efficiency, Triticum aestivum, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Abstract Background In wheat, nitrogen (N) remobilization from vegetative tissues to developing grains largely depends on genetic and environmental factors. The evaluation of genetic potential of crops under limited resource inputs such as limited N supply would provide an opportunity to identify N-efficient lines with improved N utilisation efficiency and yield potential. We assessed the genetic variation in wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for uptake, partitioning, and remobilization of N towards grain, its association with grain protein concentration (GPC) and grain yield. Methods We used the nested association mapping (NAM) population (195 lines) derived by crossing Paragon (P) with CIMMYT core germplasm (P × Cim), Baj (P × Baj), Watkins (P × Wat), and Wyalkatchem (P × Wya). These lines were evaluated in the field for two seasons under limited N supply. The plant sampling was done at anthesis and physiological maturity stages. Various physiological traits were recorded and total N uptake and other N related indices were calculated. The grain protein deviation (GPD) was calculated from the regression of grain yield on GPC. These lines were grouped into different clusters by hierarchical cluster analysis based on grain yield and N-remobilization efficiency (NRE). Results The genetic variation in accumulation of biomass at both pre- and post-anthesis stages were correlated with grain-yield. The NRE significantly correlated with aboveground N uptake at anthesis (AGNa) and grain yield but negatively associated with AGN at post-anthesis (AGNpa) suggesting higher N uptake till anthesis favours high N remobilization during grain filling. Hierarchical cluster analysis of these RILs based on NRE and yield resulted in four clusters, efficient (31), moderately efficient (59), moderately inefficient (58), and inefficient (47). In the N-efficient lines, AGNa contributed to 77% of total N accumulated in grains, while it was 63% in N-inefficient lines. Several N-efficient lines also exhibited positive grain protein deviation (GPD), combining high grain yield and GPC. Among crosses, the P × Cim were superior and N-efficient, while P × Wya responded poorly to low N input. Conclusions We propose that traits favouring pre- or post-anthesis biomass accumulation and pre-anthesis N uptake may be targeted for breeding to improve grain-yield under limited N. The lines with positive GPD, a first report of genotype-dependent GPD associated with both AGNpa and AGNa in wheat, may be used as varieties or genetic resources to improve grain yield with high GPC for sustainable development under limited N conditions.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2662-4044Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1a4ec08c7ef642b0b4c57685adf170f4Test

المؤلفون: Jorge C. Berny Mier y Teran, Enéas R. Konzen, Antonia Palkovic, Siu M. Tsai, Idupulapati M. Rao, Stephen Beebe, Paul Gepts

المصدر: BMC Plant Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Abiotic stress, Epistasis, Photosynthate remobilization, Pod harvest index, Quantitative trait loci, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Abstract Background Common bean is the most important staple grain legume for direct human consumption and nutrition. It complements major sources of carbohydrates, including cereals, root crop, or plantain, as a source of dietary proteins. It is also a significant source of vitamins and minerals like iron and zinc. To fully play its nutritional role, however, its robustness against stresses needs to be strengthened. Foremost among these is drought, which commonly affects its productivity and seed quality. Previous studies have shown that photosynthate remobilization and partitioning is one of the main mechanisms of drought tolerance and overall productivity in common bean. Results In this study, we sought to determine the inheritance of pod harvest index (PHI), a measure of the partitioning of pod biomass to seed biomass, relative to that of grain yield. We evaluated a recombinant inbred population of the cross of ICA Bunsi and SXB405, both from the Mesoamerican gene pool, to determine the effects of intermittent and terminal drought stresses on the genetic architecture of photosynthate allocation and remobilization in pods of common bean. The population was grown for two seasons, under well-watered conditions and terminal and intermittent drought stress in one year, and well-watered conditions and terminal drought stress in the second year. There was a significant effect of the water regime and year on all the traits, at both the phenotypic and QTL levels. We found nine QTLs for pod harvest index, including a major (17% of variation explained), stable QTL on linkage group Pv07. We also found eight QTLs for yield, three of which clustered with PHI QTLs, underscoring the importance of photosynthate remobilization in productivity. We also found evidence for substantial epistasis, explaining a considerable part of the variation for yield and PHI. Conclusion Our results highlight the genetic relationship between PHI and yield and confirm the role of PHI in selection of both additive and epistatic effects controlling drought tolerance. These results are a key component to strengthen the robustness of common bean against drought stresses.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-019-1774-2Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2229Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a9db0651f4fb4d70adaa73f13268d548Test

المؤلفون: Hiroshi Takagi, Shunsuke Watanabe, Shoma Tanaka, Takakazu Matsuura, Izumi C. Mori, Takashi Hirayama, Hiroshi Shimada, Atsushi Sakamoto

المصدر: BMC Plant Biology, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Allantoate, Allantoin, Arabidopsis thaliana, Catabolic pathway, Nitrogen remobilization, Phytohormone, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Abstract Background The ureides allantoin and allantoate are major metabolic intermediates of purine catabolism with high nitrogen-to-carbon ratios. Ureides play a key role in nitrogen utilization in ureide-type legumes, but their effects on growth and development in non-legume plants are poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of knocking out genes encoding ureide-degrading enzymes, allantoinase (ALN) and allantoate amidohydrolase (AAH), on the vegetative-to-reproductive transition and subsequent growth of Arabidopsis plants. Results The ureide-degradation mutants (aln and aah) showed symptoms similar to those of nitrogen deficiency: early flowering, reduced size at maturity, and decreased fertility. Consistent with these phenotypes, carbon-to-nitrogen ratios and nitrogen-use efficiencies were significantly decreased in ureide-degradation mutants; however, adding nitrogen to irrigation water did not alleviate the reduced growth of these mutants. In addition to nitrogen status, levels of indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin in five-week-old plants were also affected by the aln mutations. To test the possibility that ureides are remobilized from source to sink organs, we measured ureide levels in various organs. In wild-type plants, allantoate accumulated predominantly in inflorescence stems and siliques; this accumulation was augmented by disruption of its catabolism. Mutants lacking ureide transporters, ureide permeases 1 and 2 (UPS1 and UPS2), exhibited phenotypes similar to those of the ureide-degradation mutants, but had decreased allantoate levels in the reproductive organs. Transcript analysis in wild-type plants suggested that genes involved in allantoate synthesis and ureide transport were coordinately upregulated in senescing leaves. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ureide degradation plays an important role in supporting healthy growth and development in non-legume Arabidopsis during and after transition from vegetative to reproductive stages.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-018-1491-2Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2229Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fd11d9639f4a4b908ebed5717b53b26eTest