Fungal-Insect Mutualism in Trees and Timber
| العنوان: | Fungal-Insect Mutualism in Trees and Timber |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Kenneth Graham |
| المصدر: | Annual Review of Entomology. 12:105-126 |
| بيانات النشر: | Annual Reviews, 1967. |
| سنة النشر: | 1967 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Mutualism (biology), biology, Endosymbiosis, Mycangium, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, fungi, Fungus, Insect, biology.organism_classification, Ectosymbiosis, Symbiosis, Insect Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Organism, media_common |
| الوصف: | The ability of many insects to exploit potential food resources to the best advantage, or even to utilize them at all, is dependent upon a reciprocally beneficial association with specific microorganisms referred to as symbiotes or symbionts. This is true of many species of insects existing in such an as sociation with fungoid organisms and deriving their nourishment directly or indirectly from trees. It is an instance of that special form of symbiosis known as mutualism, in which mutual advantages accrue from a close asso ciation between individuals of different species. Mutualism thus excludes associations in which two species merely coexist, compete, or provide benefits to only one. It does not prescribe obligatory dependency of one partner on the other, though such dependency is not uncommon. The scope of the present topic encompasses not only associations in which the fungus becomes the food source or modifies the tree as a food medium for the insect, but also those in which the fungus does not act directly on the tree but enables the insect to exist as a viable organism capable of exploiting the tree. In order to delimit the scope of the topic under review, it is necessary to recognize the term "fungus" in its broad botanical sense. The subject thus includes not only the nonchlorophyllous plants possessing the filamentous structure known as a mycelium, but also the nonfilamentous forms known as yeasts. The phenomenon of pleomorphism in which certain fungi display both filamentous and yeastlike forms shows that a sharp line of distinction does not exist. In addition, it is necessary to include here reference to certain microorganisms whose morphological characteristics appear to place their systematic position in such doubt that they are regarded as yeasts by certain authorities (11) and as bacteria by others (65). The kinds of symbiotes ex cluded from this review are the known bacteria and the protozoa. The in clusion of the yeasts with filamentous fungi embraces a consideration of both endosymbiosis and ectosymbiosis. The former term pertains to symbiosis in which the microorganisms contribute to the insect while living within it, often in an intracellular situation. Ectosymbiosis here pertains to symbiosis in which the microorganism carries on its active functions while dissociated from its insect vector; the benefits accrue indirectly to the insect by the |
| تدمد: | 1545-4487 0066-4170 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::b068bd387fd23309797df9ca08719838Test https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.12.010167.000541Test |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi...........b068bd387fd23309797df9ca08719838 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15454487 00664170 |
|---|