Cessation from Smoking Improves Innate Host Defense and Clearance of Experimentally Inoculated Nasal Staphylococcus aureus
| العنوان: | Cessation from Smoking Improves Innate Host Defense and Clearance of Experimentally Inoculated Nasal Staphylococcus aureus |
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| المؤلفون: | Alexander M. Cole, Ashley C. Beavis, Christine F. Chong, James F Schaus, Mary Schmidt-Owens, Patrick M. Tarwater, Amy L. Cole, Michael Deichen |
| المصدر: | Infection and Immunity. 86 |
| بيانات النشر: | American Society for Microbiology, 2018. |
| سنة النشر: | 2018 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_treatment, Interleukin-1beta, Immunology, Population, Mucous membrane of nose, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Staphylococcal infections, Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, medicine, Humans, Young adult, education, Host Response and Inflammation, education.field_of_study, Staphylococcal Infections, medicine.disease, Bacterial Load, Immunity, Innate, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein, Nasal Mucosa, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, Carrier State, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, Parasitology |
| الوصف: | Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is transient in most humans and usually benign, but dissemination of S. aureus to extranasal sites causes the majority of clinical infections, and S. aureus is a major cause of serious infections in the United States. A better understanding of innate nasal decolonization mechanisms is urgently needed, as are relevant models for studying S. aureus clearance. Here, we screened a population of healthy smokers for nasal S. aureus carriage and compared the participants' abilities to clear experimentally applied nasal S. aureus before and after completion of a smoking cessation program. We determined that cigarette smoking increases the mean nasal S. aureus load (2.6 × 10 4 CFU/swab) compared to the load observed in healthy nonsmokers (1.7 × 10 3 CFU/swab) and might increase the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage in otherwise-healthy adults: 22 of 99 smokers carried S. aureus at the screening visit, while only 4 of 30 nonsmokers screened positive during the same time period. Only 6 of 19 experimental inoculation studies in active smokers resulted in S. aureus clearance within the month of follow-up, while in the cessation group, 6 of 9 subjects cleared nasal S. aureus and carriage duration averaged 21 ± 4 days. Smoking cessation associated with enhanced expression of S. aureus -associated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in nasal fluids. Participants who failed to clear S. aureus exhibited a higher nasal S. aureus load and elevated nasal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) expression at the preexperiment study visits. We conclude that smokers exhibit higher S. aureus loads than nonsmokers and that innate immune pathways, including G-CSF expression and signaling through the IL-1 axis, are important mediators of nasal S. aureus clearance. |
| تدمد: | 1098-5522 0019-9567 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::05f5890725f377582c2242f72e8ba863Test https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00912-17Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....05f5890725f377582c2242f72e8ba863 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 10985522 00199567 |
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