Reconstituting the History of Cronobacter Evolution Driven by Differentiated CRISPR Activity
| العنوان: | Reconstituting the History of Cronobacter Evolution Driven by Differentiated CRISPR Activity |
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| المؤلفون: | Na Ling, Chengsi Li, Shuzhen Cai, Haoming Wu, Tao Lei, Yu Ding, Zhang Jumei, Juan Wang, Yingwang Ye, Wenjing He, Moutong Chen, Qingping Wu, Haiyan Zeng, Liang Xue |
| المصدر: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 84 |
| بيانات النشر: | American Society for Microbiology, 2018. |
| سنة النشر: | 2018 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Genome, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Species Specificity, Humans, CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Cronobacter, Phylogeny, Genetics, Genetic diversity, Virulence, Ecology, Strain (biology), Enterobacteriaceae Infections, biology.organism_classification, Acquired immune system, Cronobacter sakazakii, 030104 developmental biology, Food Microbiology, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Adaptation, Genome, Bacterial, Food Science, Biotechnology |
| الوصف: | Cronobacter strains harboring the CRISPR-Cas system are important foodborne pathogens causing serious neonatal infections. However, the specific role of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacterial evolution remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of the CRISPR-Cas system on Cronobacter evolution and obtained 137 new whole-genome Cronobacter sequences by next-generation sequencing technology. Among the strains examined ( n = 240), 90.6% (193/213) of prevalent species Cronobacter sakazakii , Cronobacter malonaticus , and Cronobacter dublinensis strains had intact CRISPR-Cas systems. Two rare species, Cronobacter condimenti ( n = 2) and Cronobacter universalis ( n = 6), lacked and preserved the CRISPR-Cas system at a low frequency (1/6), respectively. These results suggest that the presence of one CRISPR-Cas system is important for a Cronobacter species to maintain genome homeostasis for survival. The Cronobacter ancestral strain is likely to have harbored both subtype I-E and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems; during the long evolutionary process, subtype I-E was retained while subtype I-F selectively degenerated in Cronobacter species and was even lost by the major Cronobacter pathovars. Moreover, significantly higher CRISPR activity was observed in the plant-associated species C . dublinensis than in the virulence-related species C. sakazakii and C . malonaticus . Similar spacers of CRISPR arrays were rarely found among species, suggesting intensive change through adaptive acquisition and loss. Differentiated CRISPR activity appears to be the product of environmental selective pressure and might contribute to the bidirectional divergence and speciation of Cronobacter . IMPORTANCE This study reports the evolutionary history of Cronobacter under the selective pressure of the CRISPR-Cas system. One CRISPR-Cas system in Cronobacter is important for maintaining genome homeostasis, whereas two types of systems may be redundant and not conducive to acquiring beneficial DNA for environmental adaptation and pathogenicity. Differentiated CRISPR activity has contributed to the bidirectional divergence and genetic diversity of Cronobacter . This perspective makes a significant contribution to the literature by providing new insights into CRISPR-Cas systems in general, while further expanding the roles of CRISPR beyond conferring adaptive immunity and demonstrating a link to adaptation and species divergence in a genus. Moreover, our study provides new insights into the balance between genome homeostasis and the uptake of beneficial DNA related to CRISPR-based activity in the evolution of Cronobacter . |
| تدمد: | 1098-5336 0099-2240 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b9fc5ad42dab581ccf28be40a64e57a2Test https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00267-18Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....b9fc5ad42dab581ccf28be40a64e57a2 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 10985336 00992240 |
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