المؤلفون: Seabrook, Jamie A.^1,2,3,4,5,6 (AUTHOR), Smith, Alexandra¹ (AUTHOR), Clark, Andrew F.^4,6,7 (AUTHOR), Gilliland, Jason A.^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} (AUTHOR) jgillila@uwo.ca

المصدر: Environmental Research. May2019, Vol. 172, p18-26. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CHILDBIRTH, *PREMATURE labor, *PREGNANT women, *LOW birth weight, *GEOGRAPHIC information systems, *FOOD consumption, *FETAL macrosomia

مصطلحات جغرافية: ONTARIO, CANADA

مستخلص: A growing body of research has examined the association between exposure to environmental factors during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes; however, many studies do not control for potential covariates and findings vary considerably. To test the relative influence of environmental factors including exposure to air pollution, major roads, highways, industry, parks, greenspaces, and food retailers on low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) in Southwestern Ontario (SWO), Canada, while accounting for medical (e.g., previous preterm birth, gestational diabetes), behavioral (e.g., alcohol, smoking), demographic (e.g., maternal age, body mass index), and neighborhood-level socioeconomic (e.g., household income, education) factors. This retrospective cohort study consisted of a large sample of pregnant women from SWO who gave birth to singleton newborns between February 2009 and February 2014 at London Health Sciences Centre. Data on maternal postal codes were entered into a Geographic Information System to map the distribution of maternal residences and determine selected characteristics of their neighborhood environments (i.e., socioeconomic, built, natural). These variables were developed based on postal codes where the mothers lived prior to giving birth. Logistic regression was used to assess the relative effects of the physical environment, socioeconomic status, clinical history, and behavioral risk factors on mothers having a LBW or PTB infant. Out of 25,263 live births, 5.7% were LBW and 7.5% were PTB. Exposure to sulfur dioxide was a top predictor of both LBW and PTB. For every one-unit increase in sulfur dioxide, the odds of a LBW and PTB were 3.4 (95% CI: 2.2, 5.2) and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.4, 3.0) times higher, after controlling for other variables in the model, respectively (p < 0.001). Previous PTB was also highly associated with both birth outcomes. Health care providers should be informed about the hazards of air pollution to developing fetuses so that recommendations can be made to their pregnant patients about limiting exposure when air quality is poor. • Out of 25,263 live births, 5.7% were low birth weight and 7.5% were preterm birth. • Maternal exposure to sulfur dioxide was a top predictor of adverse birth outcomes. • Previous preterm birth was also highly associated with both birth outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Lee, Sue J.¹ sue@tropmedres.ac, Hajat, Shakoor¹, Steer, Philip J.², Filippi, Veronique¹

المصدر: Environmental Research. Feb2008, Vol. 106 Issue 2, p185-194. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *RISK factors in premature labor, *AIR pollution, *CHILDBIRTH, *MEDICAL climatology, *DATABASES, *TIME series analysis

مستخلص: Although much is known about the incidence and burden of preterm birth, its biological mechanisms are not well understood. While several studies have suggested that high levels of air pollution or exposure to particular climatic factors may be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, other studies do not support such an association. To determine whether exposure to various environmental factors place a large London-based population at higher risk for preterm birth, we analyzed 482,568 births that occurred between 1988 and 2000 from the St. Mary''s Maternity Information System database. Using an ecological study design, any short-term associations between preterm birth and various environmental factors were investigated using time-series regression techniques. Environmental exposures included air pollution (ambient ozone and PM10) and climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, sunshine, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and largest drop in barometric pressure). In addition to exposure on the day of birth, cumulative exposure up to 1 week before birth was investigated. The risk of preterm birth did not increase with exposure to the levels of ambient air pollution or meteorological factors experienced by this population. Cumulative exposure from 0 to 6 days before birth also did not show any significant effect on the risk of preterm birth. This large study, covering 13 years, suggests that there is no association between preterm births and recent exposure to ambient air pollution or recent changes in the weather. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

المؤلفون: Wang, Xi¹ (AUTHOR) wangx10@email.chop.edu, Lee, Nora L.² (AUTHOR), Burstyn, Igor^2,3 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Preventive Medicine. May2020, Vol. 134, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *ELECTRONIC cigarettes, *PREMATURE labor, *COMBUSTION products, *TOBACCO smoke, *CHILDBIRTH, *BIRTH size, *DOULAS

مستخلص: Women who smoke may be motivated to switch to vaping (use electronic cigarettes, e-cigs) around pregnancy in seeking to alleviate known hazards of smoking. E-cigs typically contain nicotine but either eliminates or greatly reduces exposure to the combustion products of tobacco. We studied a U.S.-wide representative sample of 31,973 live singleton births in 2016. In the three months before pregnancy, 5029 (14%) mothers exclusively smoked tobacco ("sole smokers") and 976 (3%) used both tobacco and e-cigs ("dual-users"). Among pre-pregnancy sole smokers, 44% continued to only smoke while 1% became dual-users in late pregnancy. Logistic regression models were used to assess the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for preterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) by reported smoking or vaping in late pregnancy. Compared to women who used neither product ("non-users"), late-pregnancy sole smokers had increased risks for preterm birth (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0) and SGA (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-2.9), after adjusting for their pre-pregnancy smoking or vaping status and other confounders. The adjusted models also showed that late-pregnancy sole vapers had similar risk of preterm birth as non-users (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 0.5-2.7). Late-pregnancy dual-users also had similar risk of preterm birth as non-users (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8-2.3). However, late-pregnancy sole vapers and dual-users had increased risk of SGA compared to non-users (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.7 for sole vapers, and aOR 2.3 95% CI 1.3-4.1 for dual-users). These findings suggest that vapers during pregnancy had similar risk of preterm as non-users but still had elevated risk for restricted fetal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Zhao, Boyi, Wang, Min, Lü, Changwei, Feng, Ling, Ma, Hua, Meng, Haixia, Qi, Muge, Fan, Qingyun, Wang, Haoji, Zhou, Haijun, He, Jiang

المصدر: Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety; Mar2020, Vol. 191, pN.PAG-N.PAG, 1p

مصطلحات موضوعية: AIR pollution, COMORBIDITY, PREECLAMPSIA, AIR pollutants, PREMATURE labor, CHILDBIRTH

مستخلص: Air pollution has been considered as one of the most important factors associating with various birth outcomes. However, the seasonal response of maternal comorbidities effects associated with air pollution has not been investigated, especially in the city with distinguish seasonal pattern and long heating seasons. In this work, 69,945 live births were investigated from 2013 to 2016, and the seasonal relationship between air pollution and preterm birth and low birth weight were assessed, as well as the synergism of maternal comorbidities. Exposures of six pollutants were assigned to maternal residences during pregnancy. The potential effect modification by maternal comorbidities on the associations was evaluated between prenatal air pollution and preterm birth (PTB), as well as effects of seasons and trimesters. Adjusting for seasonality, all six pollutants presented seasonal relationship with preterm birth, which CO, PM 10 , NO 2 , and PM 2.5 were with [odds ratio (OR) = 1.035 95% CI: 1.015, 1.055, OR = 1.039 95% CI: 1.034, 1.045, OR = 1.042, 95% CI: 1.029, 1.056 and OR = 1.085 95% CI 1.073, 1.097, respectively] for tenth quartile of 10 μg/m³ range increased in autumn (the beginning of heating season). For O 3 , it associated with PTB in winter and spring with OR = 1.113 95% CI: 1.104, 1.123, and OR = 1.155 95% CI: 1.145, 1.165, respectively. The OR increase of PTB for exposure to all six pollutants was higher among women with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The associations between ambient air pollution and preterm birth were modified by gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. The seasonal patterns of six studied air pollutants increases the risk of PTB in autumn and winter distinguishably, which may due to the sudden increased concentrations of pollutants emitted by traditional heating. The seasonal response of the synergism of maternal comorbidities and long-term air pollution exposure on birth outcomes is supported by the data sets of preterm birth. Image 1 • The seasonal response of maternal comorbidities effects with air pollution was investigated. • The associations between air pollution and PTB were modified by gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. • The seasonal patterns of six studied air pollutants increased the risk of PTB in autumn and winter distinguishably. • The seasonal response of PTB associated with the synergism of maternal comorbidities and long-term air pollution exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Almberg, Kirsten S.¹ almberg@uic.edu, Turyk, Mary¹ mturyk1@uic.edu, Jones, Rachael M.² rjones25@uic.edu, Anderson, Robert¹ tallbob@uic.edu, Graber, Judith^1,3 jmg502@eohsi.rutgers.edu, Banda, Elizabeth¹ ebanda2@uic.edu, Waller, Lance A.⁴ lwaller@emory.edu, Gibson, Roger⁵ roger.gibson@health.mo.gov, Stayner, Leslie T.¹

المصدر: Environmental Research. Oct2014, Vol. 134, p420-426. 7p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SOYBEAN yield, *CORN yields, *PESTICIDE pollution, *CHILDBIRTH, *LOW birth weight, *PREMATURE labor

مصطلحات جغرافية: MISSOURI

مستخلص: Background Missouri is an agriculturally intensive state, primarily growing corn and soybeans with additional rice and cotton farming in some southeastern counties. Communities located in close proximity to pesticide-treated fields are known to have increased exposure to pesticides and may be at increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. The study aims were to assess the relationship between county-level measures of crop-specific agricultural production and adverse birth outcomes in Missouri and to evaluate the most appropriate statistical methodologies for doing so. Methods Potential associations between county level data on the densities of particular crops and low birth weight and preterm births were examined in Missouri between 2004−2006. Covariates considered as potential confounders and effect modifiers included gender, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age at delivery, maternal smoking, access to prenatal care, quarter of birth, county median household income, and population density. These data were analyzed using both standard Poisson regression models as well as models allowing for temporal and spatial correlation of the data. Results There was no evidence of an association between corn, soybean, or wheat densities with low birth weight or preterm births. Significant positive associations between both rice and cotton density were observed with both low birth weight and preterm births. Model results were consistent using Poisson and alternative models accounting for spatial and temporal variability. Conclusions The associations of rice and cotton with low birth weight and preterm births warrant further investigation. Study limitations include the ecological study design and limited available covariate information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]