المؤلفون: Ngo, Khoa, Herrera, Nathaniel T, Folkmanaite, Milda, Yamamoto, Kei, Maleckar, Mary M

المصدر: Computational Physiology ; Simula SpringerBriefs on Computing ; page 31-44 ; ISSN 2512-1677 2512-1685 ; ISBN 9783031253737 9783031253744

الوصف: Osteoarthritis (OA), a progressive degenerative disease of cartilage in joints, is the most common cause of chronic disability in older adults. While OA is mostly considered an age-related pathology, women have a 1.5-fold higher risk of developing OA relative to men and experience more severe symptoms. Yet, they remain underrepresented in musculoskeletal research and clinical trials. Responsible for cartilage formation, articular chondrocytes experience physiological changes in OA, but the functional implications of such alterations remain largely unexplored due to difficulties in acquiring the data experimentally. Through reparameterization, we expand a mathematical chondrocyte model to investigate sex-specific OA pathogenesis. We performed sensitivity analysis to address the impact of ion channel activity in healthy and OA chondrocyte populations. Simulations show that in healthy female chondrocytes, the resting membrane potential is more depolarized than in healthy male chondrocytes, suggesting potential sex-specific emergent physiological differences in articular chondrocytes. In both sexes, the resting membrane potential of healthy chondrocytes is most sensitive to 𝐼 𝐶𝑎−𝐴𝑇𝑃 , 𝐼 𝑁𝑎−𝑏 , 𝐼 𝑁𝑎𝐾 and 𝐼 𝐾−𝑏 , but in OA it depolarizes and becomes sensitive to 𝐼 𝐾𝐷𝑅 , 𝐼 𝑁𝑎𝐾 and 𝐼 𝐾−𝑏 . Developed and evaluated against experimental data, our articular chondrocyte OA electrophysiological model can be used to further study OA pathology and sex-specific pathological OA changes.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25374-4_3Test

المؤلفون: Goudzovski, Evgueni, Redigolo, Diego, Tobioka, Kohsaku, Zupan, Jure, Alonso-Álvarez, Gonzalo, Alves, Daniele SM, Bansal, Saurabh, Bauer, Martin, Brod, Joachim, Chobanova, Veronika, D’Ambrosio, Giancarlo, Datta, Alakabha, Dery, Avital, Dettori, Francesco, Dobrescu, Bogdan A, Döbrich, Babette, Egana-Ugrinovic, Daniel, Elor, Gilly, Escudero, Miguel, Fabbrichesi, Marco, Fornal, Bartosz, Fox, Patrick J, Gabrielli, Emidio, Geng, Li-Sheng, Gligorov, Vladimir V, Gorbahn, Martin, Gori, Stefania, Grinstein, Benjamín, Grossman, Yuval, Guadagnoli, Diego, Homiller, Samuel, Hostert, Matheus, Kelly, Kevin J, Kitahara, Teppei, Knapen, Simon, Krnjaic, Gordan, Kupsc, Andrzej, Kvedaraitė, Sandra, Lanfranchi, Gaia, Marfatia, Danny, Camalich, Jorge Martin, Santos, Diego Martínez, Massri, Karim, Meade, Patrick, Moulson, Matthew, Nanjo, Hajime, Neubert, Matthias, Pospelov, Maxim, Renner, Sophie, Schacht, Stefan, Schnubel, Marvin, Shi, Rui-Xiang, Shuve, Brian, Spadaro, Tommaso, Soreq, Yotam, Stamou, Emmanuel, Sumensari, Olcyr, Tammaro, Michele, Terol-Calvo, Jorge, Thamm, Andrea, Tung, Yu-Chen, Wang, Dayong, Yamamoto, Kei, Ziegler, Robert

المصدر: Reports on Progress in Physics, vol 86, iss 1

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, kaon, hyperon, beyond the standard model, new light particles, KOTO experiment, NA62 experiment, LHCb experiment, Mathematical Sciences, General Physics

الوصف: Rare meson decays are among the most sensitive probes of both heavy and light new physics. Among them, new physics searches using kaons benefit from their small total decay widths and the availability of very large datasets. On the other hand, useful complementary information is provided by hyperon decay measurements. We summarize the relevant phenomenological models and the status of the searches in a comprehensive list of kaon and hyperon decay channels. We identify new search strategies for under-explored signatures, and demonstrate that the improved sensitivities from current and next-generation experiments could lead to a qualitative leap in the exploration of light dark sectors.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: qt54k54824; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54k54824Test

الإتاحة: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54k54824Test

المؤلفون: Elyasi, Mehrdad, Yamamoto, Kei, Hioki, Tomosato, Makiuchi, Takahiko, Shimizu, Hiroki, Saitoh, Eiji, Bauer, Gerrit E. W.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

الوصف: Magnets are interesting materials for classical and quantum information technologies. However, the short decoherence and dephasing times that determine the scale and speed of information networks, severely limit the appeal of employing the ferromagnetic resonance. Here we show that the lifetime and coherence of the uniform Kittel mode can be enhanced by 3-magnon interaction-induced mixing with the long-lived magnons at the minima of the dispersion relation. Analytical and numerical calculations based on this model explain recent experimental results and predict experimental signatures of quantum coherence.

العلاقة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.09856Test

الإتاحة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.09856Test

المؤلفون: Tanimoto, Morimitsu, Yamamoto, Kei

مصطلحات موضوعية: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

الوصف: We study the interplay of New Physics (NP) among the lepton magnetic moment, the lepton flavor violation (LFV) and the electron electric dipole moment (EDM) in the light of recent data of the muon $(g-2)_\mu$. The NP is discussed in the leptonic dipole operator with the $U(2)$ flavor symmetry of the charged leptons, where possible CP violating phases of the three family space are taken into account. It is remarked that the third-family contributes significantly to the LFV decay, $\mu \to e\gamma$, and the electron EDM. The experimental upper-bound of the $\mu \to e\gamma$ decay gives a severe constraint for parameters of the flavor model. The predicted electron EDM is rather large due to CP violating phases in the three family space. In addition, we also study $(g-2)_{e,\tau}$ of the electron and tauon, and EDMs of the muon and tauon as well as the $\tau \to e \gamma$ and $\tau \to \mu \gamma$ decays. The $\tau_R \to \mu_L \gamma$ decay is predicted close to the experimental upper-bound. The $\tau_R \to e_L \gamma$ decay is not suppressed. ; Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures, references added

العلاقة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.16325Test

الإتاحة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.16325Test

المؤلفون: Liao, Liyang, Puebla, Jorge, Yamamoto, Kei, Kim, Junyeon, Meakawa, Sadamichi, Hwang, Yunyoung, Ba, You, Otani, Yoshichika

مصطلحات موضوعية: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

الوصف: Phonons and magnons are engineered by periodic potential landscapes in phononic and magnonic crystals, and their combined studies may enable valley phonon transport tunable by the magnetic field. Through nonreciprocal surface acoustic wave transmission, we demonstrate valley-selective phonon-magnon scattering in magnetoelastic superlattices. The lattice symmetry and the out-of-plane magnetization component control the sign of nonreciprocity. The phonons in the valleys play a crucial role in generating nonreciprocal transmission by inducing circularly polarized strains that couple with the magnons. The transmission spectra show a nonreciprocity peak near a transmission gap, matching the phononic band structure. Our results open the way for manipulating valley phonon transport through periodically varying magnon-phonon coupling.

العلاقة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03367Test

الإتاحة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03367Test

المؤلفون: Lyons, Thomas P., Puebla, Jorge, Yamamoto, Kei, Deacon, Russell S., Hwang, Yunyoung, Ishibashi, Koji, Maekawa, Sadamichi, Otani, Yoshichika

مصطلحات موضوعية: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter

الوصف: Harnessing the causal relationships between mechanical and magnetic properties of van der Waals materials presents a wealth of untapped opportunity for scientific and technological advancement, from precision sensing to novel memories. This can, however, only be exploited if the means exist to efficiently interface with the magnetoelastic interaction. Here, we demonstrate acoustically-driven spin-wave resonance in a crystalline antiferromagnet, chromium trichloride, via surface acoustic wave irradiation. The resulting magnon-phonon coupling is found to depend strongly on sample temperature and external magnetic field orientation, and displays a high sensitivity to extremely weak magnetic anisotropy fields in the few~mT range. Our work demonstrates a natural pairing between power-efficient strain-wave technology and the excellent mechanical properties of van der Waals materials, representing a foothold towards widespread future adoption of dynamic magneto-acoustics. ; Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures (main text + supplemental material)

العلاقة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08305Test

الإتاحة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08305Test

المؤلفون: Morozumi, Takuya, Adam, Apriadi Salim, Kawamura, Yuta, Panuluh, Albertus Hariwangsa, Shimizu, Yusuke, Yamamoto, Kei

المصدر: Journal of Physics: Conference Series ; volume 2446, issue 1, page 012046 ; ISSN 1742-6588 1742-6596

الوصف: We study the quark sector of the universal seesaw model with SU(2) L × SU(2) R × U (1). The model incorporates the seesaw mechanism with the vector-like quarks (VLQs). The purpose of this work is to study the model with the effective theory. After integrating the heavy five VLQs, we derive the effective theory with four up-type quark and three down type quark. In this work, the FCNC of Z boson for top quark and top′ quark is derived.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2446/1/012046Test

المؤلفون: Yamamoto, Kei, Fischer-Holzhausen, Sophie, Fjeldstad, Maria P, Maleckar, Mary M

المصدر: Computational Physiology ; Simula SpringerBriefs on Computing ; page 25-39 ; ISSN 2512-1677 2512-1685 ; ISBN 9783031051630 9783031051647

الوصف: Chondrocytes produce the extracellular cartilage matrix required for smooth joint mobility. As cartilage is not vascularised, and chondrocytes are not innervated by the nervous system, chondrocytes are therefore generally considered non-excitable. However, chondrocytes do express a range of ion channels, ion pumps, and receptors involved in cell homeostasis and cartilage maintenance. Dysfunction in these ion channels and pumps has been linked to degenerative disorders such as arthritis. Because the electrophysiological properties of chondrocytes are difficult to measure experimentally, mathematical modelling can instead be used to investigate the regulation of ionic currents. Such models can provide insight into the finely tuned parameters underlying fluctuations in membrane potential and cell behaviour in healthy and pathological conditions. Here, we introduce an open-source, intuitive, and extendable mathematical model of chondrocyte electrophysiology, implementing key proteins involved in regulating the membrane potential. Because of the inherent biological variability of cells and their physiological ranges of ionic concentrations, we describe a population of models that provides a robust computational representation of the biological data. This permits parameter variability in a manner mimicking biological variation, and we present a selection of parameter sets that suitably represent experimental data. Our mathematical model can be used to efficiently investigate the ionic currents underlying chondrocyte behaviour.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05164-7_3Test

المؤلفون: Kobayashi, Tatsuo, Otsuka, Hajime, Tanimoto, Morimitsu, Yamamoto, Kei

مصطلحات موضوعية: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

الوصف: We study the lepton flavor violation (LFV), the leptonic magnetic moments $(g-2)_{\mu,\,e} $ and the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron in the Standard-Model Effective Field Theory with the $\Gamma_N$ modular flavor symmetry. We employ the stringy Ansatz on coupling structure that 4-point couplings of matter fields are written by a product of 3-point couplings of matter fields. We take the level 3 finite modular group, $\Gamma_3$ for the flavor symmetry, and discuss the dipole operators at nearby fixed point $\tau=i$, where observed lepton masses and mixing angles are well reproduced. Suppose the anomaly of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to be evidence of the new physics (NP), we have related it with $(g-2)_{e}$, LFV decays, and the electron EDM. It is found that the NP contribution to $(g-2)_{e}$ is proportional to the lepton masses squared likewise the naive scaling. We also discuss the correlations among the LFV processes $\mu\to e\gamma$, $\tau\to \mu\gamma$ and $\tau\to e\gamma$, which are testable in the future. The electron EDM requires the tiny imaginary part of the relevant Wilson coefficient in the basis of real positive charged lepton masses, which is related to the $\mu\to e\gamma$ transition in our framework. ; Comment: 33 pages, references added

العلاقة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.12325Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08Test(2022)013
http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.12325Test

المؤلفون: Morozumi, Takuya, Adam, Apriadi Salim, Kawamura, Yuta, Panuluh, Albertus Hariwangsa, Shimizu, Yusuke, Yamamoto, Kei

مصطلحات موضوعية: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

الوصف: We study the quark sector of the universal seesaw model with SU(2)$_L$ $\times$ SU(2)$_R$ $\times$ $U(1)$.The model incorporates the seesaw mechanism with the vector-like quarks (VLQs). The purpose of this work is to study the model with the effective theory. After integrating the heavy five VLQs, we derive the effective theory with four up-type quark and three down type quark. In this work, the FCNC of Z boson for top quark and top$^\prime$ quark is derived. ; Comment: 4 pages, Contribution to the proceedings for International Conference on Kaon Physics 2022

العلاقة: http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.02360Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2446/1/012046Test
http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.02360Test