يعرض 1 - 10 نتائج من 118 نتيجة بحث عن '"cathode"', وقت الاستعلام: 0.69s تنقيح النتائج
  1. 1
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have emerged as highly promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their affordability, facile synthesis, porous framework, and high theoretical capacity. Despite their considerable potential, practical applications of PBAs face significant challenges that limit their performance. This review offers a comprehensive retrospective analysis of PBAs' development history as cathode materials, delving into their reaction mechanisms, including charge compensation and ion diffusion mechanisms. Furthermore, to overcome these challenges, a range of improvement strategies are proposed, encompassing modifications in synthesis techniques and enhancements in structural stability. Finally, the commercial viability of PBAs is examined, alongside discussions on advanced synthesis methods and existing concerns regarding cost and safety, aiming to foster ongoing advancements of PBAs for practical SIBs.

  2. 2
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: Room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries have attracted considerable interest due to their remarkable cost-effectiveness and specific capacity. However, due to the limited comprehension of its conversion mechanism, the decrease in sulfur cathode capacity in carbonate electrolytes is usually loosely attributed to the shuttle effect, which is well known in lithium-sulfur batteries that work in ether-based electrolytes. This work proposes a complete sulfur reaction mechanism in which the confined space is very important by combining the results from the theoretical calculations and electrochemical characterization. Specifically, crystal sulfur outside the pores is reduced to polysulfides, leading to irreversible reactions with carbonate solvents. Meanwhile, amorphous sulfur within the narrow pores undergoes an activation process during the first discharge and experiences a reversible conversion in subsequent cycles through a two-step solid-state reaction. Furthermore, the discharge/charge processes unveil divergent dynamics that can be clarified through the lens of chemomechanical stress in a confined environment. The increased comprehension of the sulfur conversion process in electrolytes composed of carbonate highlights the importance of confined space and electrolytes. This newly acquired knowledge holds the potential to offer theoretical insights guiding the design of high-performance sulfur cathodes.

  3. 3
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: Over recent decades, rapid advancements in energy technology have transformed human life. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have played a pivotal role nevertheless concerns about limited lithium resources and price fluctuations underscore the need for sustainability. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), operating on principles akin to LIBs, have emerged as promising candidates for rechargeable batteries in the next generation of energy storage systems, primarily due to their cost-effectiveness and sustainable attributes. Analogous to LIBs, the cathode in SIBs assumes a critical role in dictating the electrochemical performance of the battery. Therefore, the research and development of cathode materials for SIBs take on paramount significance. O3-type SIB cathodes, inspired by the successful O3-type LIB cathodes (e. g., LiCoO2 and NMC variants), hold promise for commercial applications. This comprehensive overview offers an in-depth exploration of various unary-metal oxide cathode materials characterized by an O3-layered structure. Subsequently, nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and Ni/Mn-based O3 cathode materials are conducted a comprehensive study, assessing the effects of element substitution and doping on capacity, phase transitions, and cycle life. In light of the current challenges, advancing SIB cathode materials of future directions will propose, addressing key considerations in the pursuit of enhanced performance and sustainable energy storage solutions.

  4. 4
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: A full cell via pairing high-capacity silicon anode with high-voltage NMC cathode (Li(Ni0.83Co0.12Mn0.05)O2) holds great promise as a high-energy battery system for practical applications. Nevertheless, this potential has been hindered by challenges in terms of the pulverization of Si particles, unstable electrode/electrolyte interface, and severe dissolution of transition metals at high voltage. Herein, we present a novel high-voltage and weakly solvating electrolyte, consisted of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in mixed solvent of diethyl carbonate and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, which effectively enables the remarkable cycling stability of both micron silicon anode (a high reversible capacity of 1667 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles) and Ni-rich cathode (a notable capacity retention of 83% after 140 cycles at an ultrahigh cut-off voltage of 4.9 V). It is revealed that the tailored electrolyte leads to the formation of a robust and reinforced concrete-like solid electrolyte interphase, characterized by a distinctive vertical side-by-side columnar structure comprised of LiF and sulfide on the micro-silicon anode. Meanwhile, a uniform and thin cathode-electrolyte interphase is observed on the surface of NMC particles when cycled in the designed electrolyte. Furthermore, coupled with high-capacity micro-Si and high-voltage NMC, this designed electrolyte endows a remarkable full-cell with high energy density (475 Wh kg−1), excellent rate capability, and high-voltage cycling stability. This research contributes a pioneering approach to enabling the utilization of micron-sized silicon anodes and Ni-rich cathodes for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries.

  5. 5
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have been widely studied as cathodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to their three-dimensional framework structure and easily adjustable composition. However, the phase transition behavior and [Fe(CN)6]4- anionic defects severely deteriorate electrochemical performances. Herein, we propose a defect-free potassium iron manganese hexacyanoferrate (K1.47Fe0.5Mn0.5[Fe(CN)6]·1.26H2O, KFMHCF-1/2) as the cathode material for PIBs. The Fe-Mn binary synergistic and defect-free effects can inhibit the cell volume change and octahedral slip during the K-ion insertion/extraction process, so that the phase transformation behavior (monoclinic ↔ cubic) is effectively inhibited, achieving a zero-strain solid solution mechanism employing Fe and Mn as dual active-sites. Thus, KFMHCF-1/2 contributes the highest initial capacity of 155.3 mAh·g-1 with an energy density of 599.5 Wh·kg-1 at 10 mA·g-1 among the reported PBA cathodes, superior rate capability, and cyclic stability over 450 cycles. The assembled K-ion full battery using K deposited on graphite (K@G) as anode also delivers high reversible specific capacity of 131.1 mAh·g-1 at 20 mA·g-1 and ultralong lifespans over 1000 cycles at 50 mA·g-1 with the lowest capacity decay rate of 0.044% per cycle. This work will promote the rapid application of high-energy-density PIBs.

  6. 6
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: Sodium dual-ion batteries (Na-DIBs) have attracted increasing attention due to their high operative voltages and low-cost raw materials. However, the practical applications of Na-DIBs are still hindered by the issues, such as low capacity and poor Coulombic efficiency, which is highly correlated with the compatibility between electrode and electrolyte but rarely investigated. Herein, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is introduced into the electrolyte to regulate cation/anion solvation structure and the stability of cathode/anode-electrolyte interphase of Na-DIBs. The FEC modulates the environment of PF6− solvation sheath and facilitates the interaction of PF6− on graphite. In addition, the NaF-rich interphase caused by the preferential decomposition of FEC effectively inhibits side reactions and pulverization of anodes with the electrolyte. Consequently, Sb||graphite full cells in FEC-containing electrolyte achieve an improved capacity, cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency. This work elucidates the underlying mechanism of bifunctional FEC and provides an alternative strategy of building high-performance dual ion batteries.

  7. 7
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: With the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in recent decades, lithium resources are at risk of depletion. Electrochemical energy storage using LIBs cannot keep pace with socioeconomic development. Therefore, it is necessary to develop electrochemical systems capable of storing large amounts of energy in the future to replace LIBs. As a result of their environmental friendliness, low cost, and high safety, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are potential replacements for LIBs. Several challenges remain for the commercialization of AZIBs, however, such as the development of high-performance cathodes. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and related materials have evolved into potential cathode materials for AZIBs due to their high porosities, tunable structures, and multifunctionality. Hence, this review summarizes the latest progress in MOF-based cathode materials for AZIBs. We present and discuss different types of MOF-based electrode materials (vanadium/manganese-based MOFs and their derivatives, Prussian blue and its analogs, and other MOFs and their derivatives), focusing on the impacts of the structures and morphologies of MOF materials on AZIBs performance as well as investigating how zinc ions are stored. Finally, future developments of MOF-based materials for AZIBs are proposed. Our work is expected to spur innovative research into new MOF-based electrode materials for AZIBs and provide guidance for storing and converting energy in the future.

  8. 8
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: Realizing high-rate capability and high-efficiency utilization of polyanionic cathode materials is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) since they usually suffer from extremely low electronic conductivity and limited ionic diffusion kinetics. Herein, taking Na3.5V1.5Mn0.5(PO4)3 (NVMP) as an example, a reinforced concrete-like hierarchical and porous hybrid (NVMP@C@3DPG) built from 3D graphene (“rebarâ€) frameworks and in situ generated carbon coated NVMP (“concreteâ€) has been developed by a facile polymer assisted self-assembly and subsequent solid-state method. Such hybrids deliver superior rate capability (73.9 mAh/g up to 20 C) and excellent cycling stability in a wide temperature range with a high specific capacity of 88.4 mAh/g after 5000 cycles at 15 C at room temperature, and a high capacity retention of 97.1% after 500 cycles at 1 C (−20 °C), and maintaining a high reversible capacity of 110.3 mAh/g in full cell. This work offers a facile and efficient strategy to develop advanced polyanionic cathodes with high-efficiency utilization and 3D electron/ion transport systems.

  9. 9
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: Vanadium-based intercalation materials have attracted considerable attention for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). However, the sluggish interlaminar diffusion of zinc ions due to the strong electrostatic interaction, severely restricts their practical application. Herein, oxygen vacancy-enriched V2O5 structures (Zn0.125V2O5·0.95H2O nanoflowers, Ov-ZVO) with expanded interlamellar space and excellent structural stability are prepared for superior ZIBs. In situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization revealed that numerous oxygen vacancies are generated at a relatively low reaction temperature because of partially escaped lattice water. In situ spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations unraveled that the existence of oxygen vacancies lowered Zn2+ diffusion barriers in Ov-ZVO and weakened the interaction between Zn and O atoms, thus contributing to excellent electrochemical performance. The Zn||Ov-ZVO battery displayed a remarkable capacity of 402 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and impressive energy output of 193 Wh kg−1 at 2673 W kg−1. As a proof of concept, the Zn||Ov-ZVO pouch cell can reach a high capacity of 350 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, demonstrating its enormous potential for practical application. This study provides fundamental insights into formation of oxygen-vacant nanostructures and generated oxygen vacancies improving electrochemical performance, directing new pathways toward defect-functionalized advanced materials.

  10. 10
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Scopus Harvesting Series

    الوصف: The formation of solid electrolyte interphase at the first cycle has raised technical issues of capacity loss in anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. As one solution, using Li-excess Li2NiO2 as a cathode additive aims to compensate for the initial Li+ consumption by anode materials using some of the high irreversible capacity. However, Li2NiO2 is insufficient for satisfying atmospheric stability, which induces spontaneous side reactions (e.g. Li2CO3 and LiOH), resulting in an increase of interfacial resistance for Li+ migration. In addition, the small but significant evolution of oxygen (O2) gas during the charge process over 3.8 V vs. Li/Li+ brings an extra caution for safety concerns. There is no doubt that structural stabilization of Li2NiO2 is a prerequisite for practical use in lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we propose a surface coating of amorphous niobium oxycarbide (NbOxCy) onto Li2NiO2 particles to improve their atmospheric stability, together with suppression of O2 gas evolution. Owing to its distinctive physicochemical properties, NbOxCy is beneficial for enhancing vulnerability to moisture as well as scavenging any residual O2 gas. In practice, the adoption of NbOxCy-coated Li2NiO2 improved electrochemical performance in full cells and was verified as a strategic solution to two fundamental challenges.