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1

Анализ энергетического обмена в организме высокопродуктивных коров

مصطلحات موضوعية: blood, кровь, pyruvic acid, пировиноградная кислота, кетоновые тела, energy metabolism, ketone bodies, глюкоза, glucose, энергетический обмен, NEFA

الوصف: В Вологодской области молочное животноводство является приоритетной отраслью, главная задача которой заключается в обеспечение населения молоком и молочными продуктами. От того, насколько хорошо оно будет развиваться, во многом зависит продовольственная безопасность и благосостояние страны в целом. Увеличение молочной продуктивности часто напрямую связано с нарушениями обмена веществ и появлением болезней. Многочисленные биохимические показатели крови организма животного отражают нормальное состояние органов и тканей, отражают течение метаболических реакций на молекулярном уровне, поэтому их отклонение от нормы позволяет своевременно диагностировать те или иные нарушения обмена веществ в организме, а следовательно, и принять необходимые меры к их устранению.
In the Vologda Oblast, dairy farming is a priority industry, the main task of which is to provide the population with milk and dairy products. The food security and well-being of the country as a whole largely depends on how well it develops. An increase in milk production is often directly related to metabolic disorders and the appearance of diseases. Numerous biochemical indicators of the blood of the animal’s body reflect the normal state of organs and tissues, reflect the course of metabolic reactions at the molecular level, so their deviation from the norm allows you to timely diagnose certain metabolic disorders in the body, and therefore take the necessary measures to eliminate them.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::faecabd0053c578b58036e335e60ec20Test

2

Metabolic and production parameters of dairy cows with different dry period lengths and parities

المؤلفون: Antonio Mollo, Ippolito De Amicis, Alberto Prandi, M. Probo, Alessandro Agazzi, Jasmine Fusi

المصدر: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 69:354-362

مصطلحات موضوعية: chemistry.chemical_classification, NEFA, Milk yield, Animal science, General Veterinary, Milk protein, chemistry, Period (gene), Ice calving, Fatty acid, Biology, Parity (mathematics), Postpartum period

الوصف: To assess the effects of dry period (DP) length on metabolic, reproductive, and productive parameters, second- (SP) and third- (TP) parity cows were assigned to a traditional (9 weeks, T) or short (5 weeks, S) DP, obtaining four subgroups: second-parity cows with traditional (SPT = 8) and short (SPS = 8) DP, third-parity cows with traditional (TPT = 8) and short (TPS = 10) DP. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were assessed from 5 weeks before to 14 weeks after parturition. IGF-I concentrations were affected by parity (P < 0.05) and by the interaction of time and DP length (P < 0.01). NEFA levels were affected only by time (P < 0.01). S DP cows showed a shorter interval between calving and ovarian cyclicity resumption (P < 0.01) and a higher milk yield (P < 0.01) and fat and protein corrected milk (P < 0.01) compared with T DP cows. Decreased milk protein content was found in the SPS group compared to the SPT (P < 0.05) and the TPS (P < 0.05) group. In conclusion, a short DP length does not affect reproductive performances, except for hastening the resumption of ovarian cyclicity. A short DP appears to increase milk production and is associated with higher IGF-I levels both in the prepartum and the postpartum period.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::474ca5d1a17e3945e0e995cac215f461Test
https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2021.00049Test

3

Effect of Boron Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization and Productive Performance of Peripartum Murrah Buffaloes

المؤلفون: Srobana Sarkar, Amit Sharma, Hunny Sharma, Chander Datt, Veena Mani, Shimala Yadav, Ravi Prakash Pal

المصدر: Biological Trace Element Research. 200:4303-4315

الوصف: Boron (B) has been established as a beneficial micronutrient for some farm animals. However, its impact on coping negative energy balance during transition and subsequent production performance needs critical perusal. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of B supplementation on productive performance, apparent nitrogen (N), and mineral utilization in peripartum Murrah buffaloes. Thirty advanced pregnant buffaloes (60 days prior to expected date of calving) were allocated into three groups, i.e. control, B-200, and B-400, and supplemented with pharmacological concentration of B at 0, 200, and 400 ppm, respectively, from 45 days prior to expected date of calving till 120 days post calving. Two metabolism trials were conducted (with animals having similar expected date of calving), one during prepartum (30 days prior to the expected date of calving) and another during postpartum (90 days post calving) phase to evaluate nutrient utilization and balance of N as well as minerals. Results revealed that B supplementation decreased (P 0.05) among the groups. Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and N balance remained unaffected with B supplementation. Higher (P < 0.05) apparent absorption coefficient for magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) was observed in pregnant animals, while during lactation, absorption coefficient of calcium, Mg, and Zn was increased (P < 0.05) in B-supplemented groups. Hence, it can be concluded that alteration in NEFA concentration and variation in apparent absorption coefficient of minerals with B supplementation suggest its role in energy and mineral metabolism. However, further investigations are required to determine the underlying mechanism of action for the present findings.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::b0802ea647246f2ce230bf3438c18914Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03038-wTest

4

Fatty acid-binding protein 4: a key regulator of ketoacidosis in new-onset type 1 diabetes

المؤلفون: Noah Gruber, Ehud Barhod, Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Sharon Sheinvald, Amir Tirosh, Moran Rathaus, Rina Hemi, Idit Ron, Amit Tirosh, Rinat Livne

المصدر: Diabetologia. 65:366-374

مصطلحات موضوعية: Type 1 diabetes, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetic ketoacidosis, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease, Ketoacidosis, NEFA, Endocrinology, Blood chemistry, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Ketogenesis, Internal Medicine, medicine, business

الوصف: Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine with a key regulatory role in glucose and lipid metabolism. We prospectively evaluated the role of FABP4 in the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in new-onset type 1 diabetes. Clinical and laboratory data were prospectively collected from consecutive children presenting with new-onset type 1 diabetes. In addition to blood chemistry and gases, insulin, C-peptide, serum FABP4 and NEFA were collected upon presentation and 48 h after initiation of insulin treatment. In a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate and weight were compared between FABP4 knockout (Fabp4−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice. Included were 33 children (mean age 9.3 ± 3.5 years, 52% male), of whom 14 (42%) presented with DKA. FABP4 levels were higher in the DKA group compared with the non-DKA group (median [IQR] 10.1 [7.9–14.2] ng/ml vs 6.3 [3.9–7] ng/ml, respectively; p = 0.005). The FABP4 level was positively correlated with HbA1c at presentation and inversely correlated with venous blood pH and bicarbonate levels (p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::17a8a530c5b1d22e5572190650dbc96cTest
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05606-0Test

5

Relationships Between Placental Lipid Activated/Transport-Related Factors and Macrosomia in Healthy Pregnancy

المؤلفون: Li-Fang Ni, Ying Han, Yu-Huan Wang, Tian Zheng, Xin-Jun Yang, Yan Ye, Miao-Miao Ding, Chen-Chen Wang, Hong-Tao Yan

المصدر: Reproductive Sciences. 29:904-914

الوصف: To assess associations between infants with macrosomia and placental expression levels of lipid activated/transport-related factors and umbilical cord blood lipid concentrations in healthy pregnancy. We conducted a case-control study of 38 macrosomic neonates (MS group) and 39 normal-birth-weight newborns (NC group) in a healthy pregnancy. Cord blood lipid levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer, mRNA and protein expression levels of placental lipid activated/transport-related factors were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Compared with NC group, cord blood total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were decreased in the MS group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of placental peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ), plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm), and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) were significantly higher in the MS group than the NC group. And there was a weak positive correlation between the expression of PPARγ, FABP4, and FABP3 mRNA in the placenta and the HDLC (rs = 0.439; P = 0.005), NEFA (rs = 0.342; P = 0.041), and TG (rs = 0.349; P = 0.034) levels in the cord blood in the MS group, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the logistic regression analysis showed that high placental PPARα (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.022; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.032-8.853) and FAT/CD36 (AOR=2.989; 95%CI 1.029-8.679) and low LDLC concentration in the cord blood (AOR=0.246; 95%CI 0.080-0.759) increased the risk of macrosomia. The increased PPARα and FAT/CD36 expression levels may influence the occurrence of fetal macrosomia through regulating placental lipid transport.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d76196e9bb671ee498d3cfb65129fb31Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00755-4Test

6

Study on association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and serum vitamin A, E, and selenium levels in high-fat fed diet rats

المؤلفون: Farshad Noshahry, Amir Parviz Rezaei Saber

المصدر: International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 42:428-434

مصطلحات موضوعية: Hepatitis, Vitamin, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Triglyceride, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vitamin E, medicine.medical_treatment, Fatty liver, medicine.disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, NEFA, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Steatosis, business

الوصف: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of fatty liver disease, which occurs due to the accumulation of fat in the liver called steatosis. In this study, the effect of high-fat diet on vitamin A and E and selenium and also the relationship between serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and vitamin A, as well as the hepatic levels of these two factors along with serum levels of vitamin E, selenium, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and its comparison with tri-acyl glycerol (TAG) of liver cells in rats fed a high-fat diet, were evaluated. Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of 20 animals, including the control and treatment groups fed with a high-fat diet. At the end of the study, serum and liver triglyceride levels, vitamin A, liver TAG, serum NEFA, serum vitamin E, and selenium were measured. A significant decrease was observed in serum and liver vitamin A levels, serum levels of vitamin E, and selenium in the treatment group compared to the control group. Also, a significant increase was seen in serum and liver TG levels, TAG, and NEFA in the treatment group compared to the control groups (p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::56e2f8296cd3baf90883192a238e51d6Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-021-01008-5Test

7

Effects of peripartal yeast culture supplementation on lactation performance, blood biomarkers, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacteria species in dairy cows

المؤلفون: J. Halfen, N. A. Carpinelli, Erminio Trevisi, E. D. Sharman, J. D. Chapman, Johan S. Osorio, J.L. Anderson

المصدر: Journal of Dairy Science. 104:10727-10743

الوصف: Feeding yeast culture fermentation products has been associated with improved feed intake and milk yield in transition dairy cows. These improvements in performance have been further described in terms of rumen characteristics, metabolic profile, and immune response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a commercial yeast culture product (YC; Culture Classic HD, Phibro Animal Health) on performance, blood biomarkers, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacterial population in dairy cows from -30 to 50 d in milk (DIM). Forty Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in a randomized complete block design from -30 to 50 DIM and blocked according to expected calving day, parity, previous milk yield, and genetic merit. At -30 DIM, cows were assigned to either a basal diet plus 114 g/d of ground corn (control; n = 20) or a basal diet plus 100 g/d of ground corn and 14 g/d of YC (n = 20), fed as a top-dress. Cows received the same close-up diet from 30 d prepartum until calving [1.39 Mcal/kg of dry matter (DM) and 12.3% crude protein (CP)] and lactation diet from calving to 50 DIM (1.60 Mcal/kg of DM and 15.6% CP). Blood samples and rumen fluid were collected at various time points from -30 to 50 d relative to calving. Cows fed YC compared with control showed a trend for increased energy-corrected milk (+3.2 kg/d). Lower somatic cell counts were observed in YC cows than in control. We detected a treatment × time interaction in nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) that could be attributed to a trend for greater NEFA in YC cows than control at 7 DIM, followed by lower NEFA in YC cows than control at 14 and 30 DIM. In the rumen, YC contributed to mild changes in rumen fermentation, mainly increasing postpartal valerate while decreasing prepartal isovalerate. This was accompanied by alterations in rumen microbiota, including a greater abundance of cellulolytic (Fibrobacter succinogenes) and lactate-utilizing bacteria (Megasphaera elsdenii). These results describe the potential benefits of supplementing yeast culture during the late pregnancy through early lactation, at least in terms of rumen environment and performance.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::dbfec9f180e0921d269bd376650b3c33Test
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-20002Test

8

Body status and blood metabolites profiles during resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in yak ( Poephagus grunniens )

المؤلفون: Govindan Krishnan, Sourabh Deori, Joken Bam, Vijay Paul, Mihir Sarkar, P. Chakravarty

المصدر: Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 56:1377-1386

الوصف: We examined the changes in body weight (BW), back-fat thickness (BFT) and blood metabolites in relation to postpartum (PP) ovarian activity status in twenty female yaks raised under semi-intensive system. BFT and ovarian activities, like follicle development, ovulation (OV) and corpus luteum (CL) development, were monitored from 4 to 15 weeks (wk) PP using ultrasonography. Resumption of ovarian activity was confirmed with ovulation of dominant follicle (DF) and subsequent CL development, and1 ng/ml progesterone concentration in blood plasma sample after 1week of ovulation. Yaks were further classified as cyclic (with CL), acyclic (without CL), and cystic (with25 mm follicular cyst; FC). Within 20 weeks PP, 60% yaks resumed cyclic ovarian activity, while 25% failed to initiate cycling activity, and 15% developed follicular cysts. In all categories of yak, BW gradually decreased (p .05) till nadir; however, nadir reached earlier (p .05) in acyclic yaks. BFT differed (p .05) among the yak groups, but it tended to be higher in cyclic yaks as compared to acyclic and cystic. No difference (p .05) in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values was found among the different categories of yaks, whereas, beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB) levels were higher in cystic animals as compared to acyclic and cyclic. Blood glucose levels decreased in all yaks during initial 2 weeks after calving. Our findings suggest that yaks with low BW, BFT and glucose levels, and higher BHB values were at risk of delayed resumption of ovarian activity and concomitant development of follicular cysts.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0c7fb8801564dd71be86ff033f26ab58Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.14002Test

9

Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 responses to ingestion of protein with increasing doses of milk minerals rich in calcium

المؤلفون: Aaron Hengist, Ulla Ramer Mikkelsen, Harry A Smith, Francoise Koumanov, Lise Høj Brunsgaard, James A. Betts, Javier T. Gonzalez, Jonathan D Watkins

المصدر: British Journal of Nutrition. 128:55-63

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nutrition and Dietetics, media_common.quotation_subject, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Albumin, Medicine (miscellaneous), chemistry.chemical_element, Appetite, Calcium, Crossover study, Hydrolysate, Animal science, NEFA, chemistry, medicine, Ingestion, media_common

الوصف: A high dose of whey protein hydrolysate fed with milk minerals rich in calcium (Capolac®) results in enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations in lean individuals; however, the effect of different calcium doses ingested alongside protein is unknown. The present study assessed the dose response of calcium fed alongside 25 g whey protein hydrolysate on GLP-1 concentrations in individuals with overweight/obesity. Eighteen adults (mean ± sd: 8M/10F, 34 ± 18 years, 28·2 ± 2·9 kgm−2) completed four trials in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Participants consumed test solutions consisting of 25 g whey protein hydrolysate (CON), supplemented with 3179 mg (LOW), 6363 mg (MED) or 9547 mg (HIGH) Capolac® on different occasions, separated by at least 48 h. The calcium content of test solutions equated to 65, 892, 1719 and 2547 mg, respectively. Arterialised-venous blood was sampled over 180 min to determine plasma concentrations of GLP-1TOTAL, GLP-17–36amide, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and serum concentrations of calcium and albumin. Ad libitum energy intake was measured at 180 min. Time–averaged incremental AUC (iAUC) for GLP-1TOTAL (pmol·l−1·min−1) did not differ between CON (23 ± 4), LOW (25 ± 6), MED (24 ± 5) and HIGH (24 ± 6). Energy intake (kcal) did not differ between CON (940 ± 387), LOW (884 ± 345), MED (920 ± 334) and HIGH (973 ± 390). Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with Capolac® does not potentiate GLP-1 release in comparison with whey protein hydrolysate alone. The study was registered at clinical trials (NCT03819972).

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bd288a6547c8d8e412662c0681858760Test
https://doi.org/10.1017/s000711452100297xTest

10

Effect of maternal supplementation with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on metabolic and endocrine development in neonatal calves

المؤلفون: Wendy Liermann, A. Tröscher, Katrin Lena Uken, C.T. Schäff, Andreas Hoeflich, Solvig Görs, Armin Tuchscherer, R. Zitnan, Joachim M. Weitzel, Josef Johann Gross, L. Vogel, Rupert M. Bruckmaier, Helga Sauerwein, M. Gnott, Harald M. Hammon, Ellen Kanitz

المصدر: Uken, K L; Vogel, L; Gnott, M; Görs, S; Schäff, C T; Tuchscherer, A; Hoeflich, A; Weitzel, J M; Kanitz, E; Tröscher, A; Sauerwein, H; Zitnan, R; Bruckmaier, R M; Gross, J J; Liermann, W; Hammon, H M (2021). Effect of maternal supplementation with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on metabolic and endocrine development in neonatal calves. Journal of dairy science, 104(6), pp. 7295-7314. American Dairy Science Association 10.3168/jds.2020-20039 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-20039Test>

الوصف: We tested the hypothesis that the maternal supply of essential fatty acids (EFA), especially α-linolenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), affects glucose metabolism, the endocrine regulation of energy metabolism and growth, and the intestinal development of neonatal calves. We studied calves from dams that received an abomasal infusion of 76 g/d coconut oil (CTRL; n = 9), 78 g/d linseed oil and 4 g/d safflower oil (EFA; n = 9), 38 g/d Lutalin (BASF SE) containing 27% cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA (CLA; n = 9), or a combination of EFA and CLA (EFA+CLA; n = 11) during the last 63 d of gestation and early lactation. Calves received colostrum and transition milk from their own dam for the first 5 d of life. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured in milk. Blood samples were taken before first colostrum intake, 24 h after birth, and from d 3 to 5 of life before morning feeding to measure metabolic and endocrine traits in plasma. On d 3 of life, energy expenditure was evaluated by a bolus injection of NaH13CO3 and determination of CO2 appearance rate. On d 4, additional blood samples were taken to evaluate glucose first-pass uptake and 13CO2 enrichment after [13C6]-glucose feeding and intravenous [6,6-2H2]-glucose bolus injection, as well as postprandial changes in glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, and glucagon. On d 5, calves were killed 2 h after feeding and samples of small intestinal mucosa were taken for histomorphometric measurements. The concentrations of IGF-I, adiponectin, and leptin in milk decreased during early lactation in all groups, and the concentrations of leptin in first colostrum was higher in EFA than in CTRL cows. Plasma glucose concentration before first colostrum intake was higher in EFA calves than in non-EFA calves and was lower in CLA calves than in non-CLA calves. Plasma IGF-I concentration was higher on d 1 before colostrum intake in EFA calves than in EFA+CLA calves and indicated an overall CLA effect, with lower plasma IGF-I in CLA than in non-CLA calves. Postprandial NEFA concentration was lowest in EFA and CLA calves. The postprandial rise in plasma insulin was higher in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased from d 1 to d 2 in all groups and was higher on d 3 in CLA than in non-CLA calves. Plasma leptin concentration was higher on d 4 and 5 in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Maternal fatty acid treatment did not affect energy expenditure and first-pass glucose uptake, but glucose uptake on d 4 was faster in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Crypt depth was lower, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was higher in the ilea of CLA than non-CLA calves. Elevated plasma glucose and IGF-I in EFA calves immediately after birth may indicate an improved energetic status in calves when dams are supplemented with EFA. Maternal EFA and CLA supplementation influenced postprandial metabolic changes and affected factors related to the neonatal insulin response.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2e6420ab4ba2a1f4677448cfce1df5f4Test
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-20039Test

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