المؤلفون: Jack Jiaqi Zhang, Dalinda Isabel Sánchez Vidaña, Jackie Ngai-Man Chan, Edward S. K. Hui, Kui Kai Lau, Xin Wang, Benson W. M. Lau, Kenneth N. K. Fong

المصدر: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 10

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cell Biology, Developmental Biology

الوصف: Background and objective: Prediction of poststroke recovery can be expressed by prognostic biomarkers that are related to the pathophysiology of stroke at the cellular and molecular level as well as to the brain structural and functional reserve after stroke at the systems neuroscience level. This study aimed to review potential biomarkers that can predict poststroke functional recovery.Methods: A narrative review was conducted to qualitatively summarize the current evidence on biomarkers used to predict poststroke functional recovery.Results: Neurophysiological measurements and neuroimaging of the brain and a wide diversity of molecules had been used as prognostic biomarkers to predict stroke recovery. Neurophysiological studies using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) revealed an interhemispheric asymmetry, driven by an increase in low-frequency oscillation and a decrease in high-frequency oscillation in the ipsilesional hemisphere relative to the contralesional side, which was indicative of individual recovery potential. The magnitude of somatosensory evoked potentials and event-related desynchronization elicited by movement in task-related EEG was positively associated with the quantity of recovery. Besides, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies revealed the potential values of using motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and TMS-evoked EEG potentials from the ipsilesional motor cortex as prognostic biomarkers. Brain structures measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been implicated in stroke outcome prediction. Specifically, the damage to the corticospinal tract (CST) and anatomical motor connections disrupted by stroke lesion predicted motor recovery. In addition, a wide variety of molecular, genetic, and epigenetic biomarkers, including hemostasis, inflammation, tissue remodeling, apoptosis, oxidative stress, infection, metabolism, brain-derived, neuroendocrine, and cardiac biomarkers, etc., were associated with poor functional outcomes after stroke. However, challenges such as mixed evidence and analytical concerns such as specificity and sensitivity have to be addressed before including molecular biomarkers in routine clinical practice.Conclusion: Potential biomarkers with prognostic values for the prediction of functional recovery after stroke have been identified; however, a multimodal approach of biomarkers for prognostic prediction has rarely been studied in the literature. Future studies may incorporate a combination of multiple biomarkers from big data and develop algorithms using data mining methods to predict the recovery potential of patients after stroke in a more precise way.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::35a79e92b1beb380a05acaf8f5b93c49Test
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1062807Test

المؤلفون: Connie M. S. Lee, Kenneth N. K. Fong, Maggie M. Y. Mok, M. K. Lam, Y. Kung, Paven P. W. Chan, Maggie K. M. Ma, S. L. Lui, Lorraine P. Y. Kwan, W. L. Chu, P. C. Hui, Christina S. F. Yau, Ivan W. L. Kwan, Kelsey Y. M. Chan, T. M. Chan

المصدر: Virtual Reality.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Software

الوصف: Cognitive impairment is not uncommon in patients with end-stage renal disease and can make it more difficult for these patients to carry out peritoneal dialysis (PD) on their own. Their attempts to do so may result in adverse consequences such as peritonitis. PD exchange is a complex procedure demanding knowledge and skill which requires close supervision and guidance by a renal nurse specialist. In this study, a non-immersive virtual reality (VR) training program using a Leap motion hand tracking device was developed to facilitate patients' understanding and learning of the PD exchange procedure before attempting real task practice. This study was a two-center single-blinded randomized controlled trial on 23 incident PD patients. Patients in the experimental group received 8 sessions of VR training, while patients in the control were provided with printed educational materials. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in performance of the overall PD exchange sequence, especially on the crucial steps. VR had a patient satisfaction rate of 89%, and all patients preferred to have the VR aid incorporated in PD training. Our findings conclude VR can be a useful aid in the training and reinforcement of PD exchange procedures, with distinct merits of being free from restrictions of time, space, and manpower.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e865c01c9b2474dc1dc21a563d7bd847Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-022-00728-1Test

المؤلفون: Frankie T. K. Fong, Mark Nielsen, Cristine H. Legare

المصدر: The Behavioral and brain sciences. 45

مصطلحات موضوعية: Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Cognition, Physiology, Infant, Humans, Learning, Imitative Behavior, Social Learning

الوصف: The target article elaborates upon an extant theoretical framework, “Imitation and Innovation: The Dual Engines of Cultural Learning.” We raise three major concerns: (1) There is limited discussion of cross-cultural universality and variation; (2) overgeneralization of overimitation and omission of other social learning types; and (3) selective imitation in infants and toddlers is not discussed.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::432be38b266bb8a2991c41f59ae316abTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36353863Test

المؤلفون: K. Fong, S. Neo, J. Pan

المصدر: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 143:S107

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cell Biology, Dermatology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::c65132bdb3f6f9e8a736a78422058823Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.630Test

المؤلفون: Guan Fengping, Tianjue Zhang, Fu Xiaoliang, Wei Junyi, Yin Zhiguo, Xiaotong Lu, Yang Wang, Ji Bin, K. Fong

المصدر: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 68:2452-2458

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Computer science, Amplifier, Detector, Cyclotron, Electrical engineering, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Gate array, Control theory, law, Radio frequency, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Field-programmable gate array, Beam (structure)

الوصف: China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) is constructing a high current cyclotron-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) system. The designed proton beam intensity of this cyclotron is 1 mA. The RF system of the cyclotron consists of two separate cavities, two 20-kW amplifiers, a 300-W amplifier for the buncher, and one low-level radio frequency (LLRF) system. The LLRF system controls the amplitudes and phases of the two independent cavities and the buncher. The previous analog–digital hybrid LLRF system in CIAE was designed for low beam loading applications. As during the beam commissioning and machine operation, the RF system requires a more powerful, flexible, and reliable real-time LLRF system, the LLRF group decides to design a new LLRF system for this application. At TRIUMF, a digital LLRF system was developed for the prebuncher of the ARIEL project. This state-of-the-art design is extended and utilized for the BNCT LLRF system. In which, the amplitude and phase of the two separate Dees, as well as the buncher for beam injection, will be regulated by a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA). For such a demanding control task, the design shows a promising future, both from real-time response and flexibility points of view. The design ideas, technology features, system structure, hardware and software development, and the desktop test will be presented.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::94cb61397ec272ff11d728bc5c90747aTest
https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2021.3097702Test

المؤلفون: Qiong Liang, Kuan Liu, Gang Li, Patrick W. K. Fong

المصدر: Trends in Chemistry. 3:747-764

مصطلحات موضوعية: Crystallization kinetics, Materials science, Fabrication, Deposition (phase transition), Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Thin film, Perovskite (structure)

الوصف: Organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) have attracted tremendous attention because of their outstanding and tunable optoelectronic properties. While the progress of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through laboratory-scale deposition methods is promising in efficiency, there are still many technological issues to address, including the process transfer from laboratory-scale fabrication to industrial-scale mass production, especially under ambient conditions (preferably with a high tolerance to humidity), to realize their low-cost promise. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress in the upscaling of PSCs processed in an ambient environment. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, we provide a brief overview of robust strategies for the fabrication of efficient PSCs using printing-friendly techniques under ambient conditions, which are crucial for the future deployment of this exciting technology.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::92a8b8c743b391177b77918304915a86Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2021.06.003Test

المؤلفون: Mark Nielsen, Frankie T. K. Fong, Jonathan Redshaw, Kana Imuta

المصدر: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 3:585-594

مصطلحات موضوعية: business.product_category, Social Psychology, Whiteboard, media_common.quotation_subject, General Social Sciences, Social learning, nobody, Task (project management), Human-Computer Interaction, Presentation, Human–computer interaction, Laptop, Credibility, Psychology, business, Imitation, media_common

الوصف: We report on a study in which 4- to 6-year-olds were presented with a sticker-retrieval task and asked to choose between one of two tools they could use to complete it. One of the tools was efficient but verbally identified to be the one that “nobody” uses; the other option was less efficient, but children were told it was the tool that “everybody” uses. Children learned about the level of efficiency and normative-use of each tool option through one of three presentation mediums: (i) in a face-to-face, live demonstration; (ii) via a demonstration video presented on a laptop; or (iii) via a demonstration video presented onto a small whiteboard from a mini-projector. Intriguingly, children's normative tendency varied depending on the presentation medium. Specifically, children who viewed the demonstration video on a laptop displayed a stronger tendency to employ the inefficient option tool that “everybody” uses, whereas children who were presented the demonstration live or via a demonstration video using a mini-projector were more inclined toward the efficient option that “nobody” uses. We contend that children may now be perceiving digital screens using a social lens, where children's prior experience with screen devices alters the way they interpret and respond to information presented through this medium. This study affords novel insights into how children may treat digital screens as their modern social learning partner, and raises important questions about the credibility and social relevance of digital platforms in the current generation.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::fa3517a4bbd7c600d15e099d44de423fTest
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.280Test

المؤلفون: Mohammad Jobair Khan, Priya Kannan, Thomson Wai-Lung Wong, Kenneth N. K. Fong, Stanley John Winser

المصدر: International journal of environmental research and public health. 19(24)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

الوصف: Background: Balance impairment causes frequent falls in older adults, and preventing falls remains challenging. Dual-task (DT) training reduces falls by improving balance, but the precise theory is not fully understood. This review aims to explore the theories underlying the effectiveness of DT in improving balance and reducing falls in older adults. Methods: Eleven electronic databases were searched from database inception to June 2022. Two reviewers independently performed study screening and data extraction. The risk of bias (RoB) in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration RoB 2 tool. Results: The searches yielded 1478 citations, of which 30 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Twenty-two of the 30 included studies utilized the motor-cognitive type of DT for training, while six used motor-motor and two utilized cognitive–cognitive DT. The included studies reported 20 different theories to explain the effectiveness of DT for improving balance and reducing falls in older adults. The predominant theory identified in the included studies was attention theory (n = 14). Overall, 26 studies reported improved balance and five studies found a reduction in fall incidence following DT training. Balance and falls improved significantly in 15 motor-cognitive DT intervention studies. Conclusion: Attention shifting between two tasks is reported to occur following DT training. Motor-cognitive DT training improves balance and reduces fall incidence in older adults by shifting attention based on the difficulty and priority of a task from the motor to the cognitive task.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::446be2d9d44e5b2ab36d715461a51eddTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36554771Test

المؤلفون: Jessica K. Fong, Harry Brumer

المصدر: Essays in biochemistry.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry

الوصف: The copper radical oxidases (CROs) are an evolutionary and functionally diverse group of enzymes established by the historically significant galactose 6-oxidase and glyoxal oxidase from fungi. Inducted in 2013, CROs now constitute Auxiliary Activity Family 5 (AA5) in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) classification. CROs catalyse the two-electron oxidation of their substrates using oxygen as the final electron acceptor and are particularly distinguished by a cross-linked tyrosine-cysteine co-factor that is integral to radical stabilization. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the biochemically and structurally characterized CROs, which has revealed an expanded natural diversity of catalytic activities in the family. This review provides a brief historical introduction to CRO biochemistry and structural biology as a foundation for an update on current advances in CRO enzymology, biotechnology, and biology across kingdoms of life.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1d53c8388eb726a5ec3510c5c0cfc9d0Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36562172Test

المؤلفون: K Fong, J J Zhao, Y H Chan, Y Wang, C Yeo, V H Tan

المصدر: European Heart Journal. 43

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

الوصف: Background Despite numerous promising trials, catheter ablation is still regarded as a second-line alternative to antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). There remains a role for a broad comparison of the effectiveness of various ablation therapies against each other, and versus AAD. Purpose To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis of ablation therapies and AAD in the treatment of PAF. Ablation therapies were hypothesized to be superior to AAD in preventing atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. Methods An electronic literature search was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials or propensity score-matched studies comparing freedom from AF recurrence among any combination of ablation modalities or AAD. Kaplan-Meier curves and risk tables for this outcome were graphically reconstructed to extract individual patient data (IPD). A Frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using the derived hazard ratios (HRs) of each study to compare various ablation therapies and AAD. Two separate NMAs were also conducted with restricted mean survival time (RMST) analysis, using RMST absolute differences and ratios, in light of violation of the proportional-hazards assumption. Treatment strategies were ranked using P-scores. Pairwise comparisons were also performed between treatment pairs with three or more studies reporting direct comparisons. Results Across 24 studies comparing six ablation therapies, comprising 5274 patients, Frequentist NMA-derived HRs of AF recurrence compared to AAD were 0.35 (95% CI: 0.26–0.48) for cryoballoon ablation (CBA), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.25–0.45) for radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 0.21 (95% CI: 0.09–0.49) for combined CBA and RFA, 0.20 (95% CI: 0.11–0.39) for hot-balloon ablation (HBA), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.16–1.22) for laser-balloon ablation, and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.19–0.56) for pulmonary vein ablation catheter. RMST-based NMAs similarly showed a significant benefit of all ablation therapies over AAD in preventing AF recurrence. Although none of the HRs between pairs of ablation modalities were significant, P-scores for HBA and combined CBA and RFA were consistently higher than those of other treatments. Independent pairwise comparisons of RFA and CBA versus AAD were greatly in favor of ablation (shared-frailty HR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.19–0.31, p Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first network meta-analysis comparing a wide range of ablation therapies to AAD, synthesizing IPD from high-quality studies in three separate NMA models. The advantage of ablation therapies over AAD in preventing AF recurrence was consistently found across all three models. This strongly suggests that ablation should replace AAD as the first-line treatment for PAF in patients who are fit for the procedure. Moreover, the promising results of HBA underscore the need for more high-quality trials to be conducted. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::9d9b361137c9c9839778d06b03a7ac18Test
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.579Test