The advent of new technologies in recent years has revolutionized the methods by which pathogens are studied and at the same time it has provided new tools to design vaccines against infections for which vaccine development has so far been unsuccessful. The availability of genomic data provides the basis for the reverse vaccinology approach, a biotechnological strategy that uses bioinformatics analysis of microbial genome data for the in silico selection of potential vaccine candidates for the development of protein-based vaccines. The antigens selected by reverse vaccinology can be produced as recombinant proteins and subjected to further in vitro screening assays before in vivo experiments to assess immunogenicity and protection. The reverse vaccinology approach has been applied to several pathogens affecting human health, but also to marine bacteria, including Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida causing significant harm in marine aquaculture.
