المؤلفون: Ivan D. Kotliarov

المصدر: Журнал институциональных исследований, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 69-87 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: transaction cost, transformation cost, hybrids, firm, market, scale economy, Social Sciences

الوصف: The goal of the present paper is to clarify the role of transaction cost for existence of an economic agent. It is demonstrated that the opposition of transaction cost and transformation cost is not rigid and there are costs that contain both transaction and transformation component. In addition the amount of transaction cost depends on parameters of company’s activity. This is why it is hardly possible to find the precise minimum of transaction cost and the model of organization of transactions within firm will be flexible. The firm’s structure contains special transaction divisions (centers of transaction cost) that are necessary for existence of the firm as a mechanism of organization of transactions (opposed to market). The status of these divisions depends on firm’s size. Transaction divisions can also exist outside the firm. They will minimize transaction costs of other economic agents on the basis of external effect of scale. External transaction divisions can exist both as collective structures (coordinating centers of strategic alliances) as well as independent ones (franchisors). A comparative analysis of transaction divisions and centers of cost was done. It was demonstrated that these elements of the firm have different economic and organizational structure. The notion of cost of external profitability was introduced. This notion can be used to analyze reasons for merger of companies or for their existence as independent structures. It is demonstrated that one of the functions of the firm is to use resources that cannot be used within independent production units.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://hjournal.ru/files/JIS_9_1/JIS_9.1_5.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-6297Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2412-6039Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/54f77239700746c69b759bb93ae86c67Test

المؤلفون: Gyuzel F. Yusupova

المصدر: Журнал институциональных исследований, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 123-141 (2016)

مصطلحات موضوعية: franchising, franchise, market, hierarchy, hybrids, asset specificity, transaction cost, opportunism, competition, Social Sciences

الوصف: Russia has favorable conditions for development of hybrid cooperation (franchising) on the different markets. On the one hand, as well as for the majority of countries with transition economies many Russian markets has been undersaturated. On the other hand, as for the developed countries, Russia has highly skilled human resources and the developed structure of consumption. In these conditions a model of coordination of the relations of franchising has been more and more popular. The benefit of this form can be explained from the side of institutional approach. The matter is that in real practice to determine the borders of firm is not simple. Key decisions of firm sometimes can be performed not in one center that can complicate distribution of control and responsibility and the determination of its borders. On the other hand, the determination of key decisions in the market, distribution of its assets and responsibility within one firm can strongly increase agency expenses. Therefore the hybrid form of coordination of the relations (to which the franchising belongs) can lower these expenses, but in case of strict accomplishment of terms of the contract. The hybrid forms of coordination includes the combination of characteristics of the market and hierarchy. Transactions are controlled via the price mechanism for coordination. For control and management of united actions, the maintenance of a certain symmetry in relations are necessary the hierarchical elements. The different conditions of franchise are the reasons of risks for both parties. And for decrease in risk of opportunism the special tools are developed for disciplining of the franchisee. The described examples of the Russian franchises through comparison of contract terms showed how hybrid agreements solve the cooperation problems connected with specificity of resources, transactional expenses and the competition.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.hjournal.ru/files/JIS_8_4/JIS_8.4_8.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-6297Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2412-6039Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a3b59e5fd86143f9bc1acc81870e0becTest

المؤلفون: A Olga Chernova, Baraa Ali

المصدر: Управленец, Vol 12, Iss 5, Pp 70-83 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Transaction cost, Sustainable development, Entrepreneurship, food industry, sustainable development, Food industry, Descriptive statistics, HF5001-6182, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, adaptability, Business model, Adaptability, HG1-9999, cooperative strategies, Business, food ecosystems, SWOT analysis, Industrial organization, Finance, media_common

الوصف: The factors of the pandemic threaten the stability of enterprises engaged the food industry and put them in a situation where previously successful strategies are no longer effective. Based on the global practice of implementing cooperative strategies amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the article tests the hypothesis that there is a correlation between cooperative strategies in the food industry and the adaptability of business entities to the pandemic factors. The methodological framework includes the theory of integration and transaction cost, as well as the ecosystem approach. The methods of case study, descriptive statistics, structural-logical analysis and SWOT analysis were applied. The authors identify the main types of cooperative business models, these are circular entrepreneurship, virtualization and digitalization of logistical interactions, ecological and immunostimulating production, and service-oriented business cooperation. Having compared the models according to their capability to support sustainable development of the enterprise amid the pandemic, we found that the opportunities for cooperating in the food industry were largely associated with the development potential of institutional, information and infrastructural environment. The research reveals the prospects for the functioning of the food industry in the new reality, determines the avenues for potential innovations in the industry, and develops the measures for a proactive response to crises.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f34c75125820a9297c59e5162c7d3b4bTest
http://upravlenets.usue.ru/en/issues-2021/888Test

المؤلفون: S. N. Kukushkin

المصدر: Вестник Российского экономического университета имени Г. В. Плеханова, Vol 0, Iss 5, Pp 138-147 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Transaction cost, relevant tools, knowledge, Antipodes, Field (Bourdieu), firm, market, costs, interests, transaction costs, Sight, Organizational form, Economics as a science, Phenomenon, customer, Spite, values, economic goods, supplier, Business, Positive economics, HB71-74

الوصف: Business-ecosystem is a rather new organizational form of interaction on market between customer and producer, which is used widely today by business-organizations of different organization and legal forms and types of economic activity. The article provides the analysis of business-ecosystems in view of the theory of transaction costs. The terms ‘ecosystem' was initially proposed to describe the environment of mutual existence of different biological beings. Later it was used for depicting the environment of business-organization. In this environment various antipodes exist and interact. At first sight they should avoid collaboration with each other, but in fact mutual coexistence intensifies every participant and fosters their development, therefore, they shall find forms and means of co-existence. In spite of the fact that business-ecosystem is a rather new trend in research in the field of economy and management, certain approaches to research and classification of the phenomenon have been created. The author in view of neo-institutional theory proves that business-ecosystem meets all classical canons, therefore it functions as a classical business-organization with similar goals and relevant tools.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::18cf736cecd2ea543a127ec0bc322f0bTest
https://vest.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1172Test

المؤلفون: G. G. Danilyants, M. V. Volik

المصدر: Вестник университета, Vol 0, Iss 7, Pp 187-192 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Transaction cost, Cryptocurrency, money circulation, government regulation, media_common.quotation_subject, Digital transformation, bitcoin, electronic money, digitalization, electronic money platform, economic development, cryptocurrency, HM401-1281, Electronic money, Economics as a science, State (polity), Liberian dollar, Circulation (currency), Sociology (General), Business, Economic system, Element (criminal law), HB71-74, media_common, central bank

الوصف: The modern world is changing rapidly. Digitalization is becoming more and more important and penetrates into all spheres of society. The digital transformation of financial and monetary processes and systems deserves special attention. It is important to determine the place and role of the state in the regulation of these processes. This paper examines the current state and prospects of using cryptocurrency as an element of monetary circulation. Analysis of the dynamics of the bitcoin rate showed that the use of cryptocurrencies is promising. However, it is necessary to improve the regulatory framework. The introduction and use of the national cryptocurrency in Russia will stabilize the state of the financial system in relation to the dollar, ensure the safety of economic development and reduce transaction costs.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2e714964fcd0a7ea27849b980453b43eTest
https://vestnik.guu.ru/jour/article/view/2995Test

المؤلفون: E. O. Vostrikova, A. P. Meshkova

المصدر: Новые технологии, Vol 17, Iss 3, Pp 86-94 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Transaction cost, government regulation, business.industry, Public sector, Purchasing power, Information technology, Context (language use), covid, E-commerce, TP368-456, digitalization, Food processing and manufacture, transaction costs, Competition (economics), Intervention (law), purchasing power, Market economy, information technology, e-commerce, business, competition

الوصف: E-commerce is a form of running business using information and communication technologies. E-commerce objects include not only traditional types of services and goods, but also informational ones. In general, the trends in e-commerce development in Russia can be regarded as positive. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic affects everything, including spending money and interaction of firms in the marketplace. Current trends indicate an acceleration in digitalization, both in the private and public sectors. Therefore, in the future, only the online seller will have success whose business will be digitized and optimized as much as possible. At the same time, the transition of firms and consumers to the electronic segment is associated with certain costs and risks. This aspect requires serious attention from both academic economists and authorities; competent, but not excessive, intervention is required. In this article, the authors reveal both the positive and negative aspects of running e-business from the point of view of sellers and buyers, and also offer their own views on the e-commerce market development in the context of mass digitalization accelerated due to the coronavirus crisis. Provided that the rate of Internet penetration in the regions remains at the same level, e-commerce in Russia will be able to maintain the current growth rate and realize its potential as an important trading platform for both domestic and foreign economic agents.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c87eeccc478343659fb022e7cb72d065Test
https://newtechology.mkgtu.ru/jour/article/view/497Test

المؤلفون: E. A. Soboleva

المصدر: Финансы: теория и практика, Vol 25, Iss 3, Pp 127-149 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: compulsory medical insurance, media_common.quotation_subject, Compromise, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), fragmented funding, Accounting, Development, predominantly single-channel financing, State (polity), healthcare financing, Carry (investment), Management of Technology and Innovation, Health care, free healthcare, Business and International Management, state guarantees program, media_common, Transaction cost, Cost allocation, inter-budgetary transfers, business.industry, Equity (finance), HG1-9999, Financial modeling, Business, Finance

الوصف: This paper aims to investigate the essence and method of building a financial model of healthcare in Russia. The author applies methods such as analysis and synthesis, statistical data processing, systemic and structural approaches. This article is an analysis of the basics of building a budgetary and insurance model: cost allocation (various types of medical care, individual costs) by funding sources; system of inter-budgetary relations; the structure of expenditures of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation on healthcare in 2019. The study presents the financial model of the compulsory medical insurance (СMI) system and defines the role of insurance and private medical organizations in the CMI system. The mechanism of financing state (public) healthcare institutions is shown. The procedure for financing medical organizations according to the territorial program is considered (as illustrated by the example of the Irkutsk region). The article analyzes the methodology for calculating the cost of the territorial program and identifies the problems associated with it. The author pays special attention to organizations that do not carry out activities in the field of compulsory medical insurance, outlining the specifics of financing and legal regulation, and arguing the reasons for excluding a number of diseases from the compulsory medical insurance program. The paper examines the content of the new law on the CHI reform, which provides for direct financing from the budget of the Federal CHI Fund of federal institutions providing specialized medical care. The author highlights the main problems of the building of the budgetary and insurance healthcare funding model such as congestion, inconsistency, cost intensity. The author concluded that it is necessary to revise the organization of the healthcare system and mechanisms for its financial support. The outstripping growth in healthcare costs, on the one hand, and inadequate funding of medical institutions, on the other, lead to a constant search for a compromise between equity and cost-effectiveness. Based on this, the author substantiated the goals and determined the directions for further research, such as reducing transaction costs, changing the motivation of participants, identifying cost growth factors and the possibility of eliminating them.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::523f27f24328b9c124f3d9c946b42934Test
https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1236Test

المؤلفون: O. V. Erokhina

المصدر: Вестник университета, Vol 0, Iss 11, Pp 189-194 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: media_common.quotation_subject, Public policy, interaction, Crowdsourcing, political management, HM401-1281, state, State (polity), Sociology (General), HB71-74, media_common, Transaction cost, digital technologies, Government, business.industry, communication, Field (Bourdieu), branding, decision-making, Public relations, innovation, Political management, society, Economics as a science, The Internet, crowdsourcing, business, political participation, initiative

الوصف: In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, a “smart” society is being formed, whose members are able to acquire and apply new competencies, including in the field of political management. In the field of public policy, this is related to the creation and implementation of innovations in the public administration system. In this regard, crowdsourcing is becoming a more popular form of interaction between the government and society, including not only the creation of a “bank of ideas”, but also the use of Internet solutions for new forms of political participation. The key areas of digital interaction between society and the state are the delegation of power to citizens and the introduction of innovations to reduce transaction costs.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bc6fca86669f837dbecd44cbf0734424Test
https://vestnik.guu.ru/jour/article/view/2531Test

المؤلفون: G. M. Galeeva, L Kh. Ishtiryakova

المصدر: Финансы: теория и практика, Vol 24, Iss 5, Pp 128-148 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Official statistics, structural changes, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Scientific literature, Development, labor market transformation, innovations, Sharing economy, Management of Technology and Innovation, investments, 0502 economics and business, professions of the future, Business and International Management, Industrial organization, Consumption (economics), Transaction cost, 05 social sciences, Novelty, russian economy, sharing economy, Investment (macroeconomics), employment, HG1-9999, 050211 marketing, Business, Transformation processes, 050203 business & management, Finance

الوصف: The article examines topical issues related to structural changes in employment in the Russian economy, due to the intensive development of the sharing economy. Theaimof the study is to systematize disparate knowledge in assessing the impact of investments in the sharing economy on the employment structure, providing an understanding of the labor market, which is influenced by transformation processes in consumption patterns and factors of digitalization of the economy, as well as to develop recommendations for improving state policy in the field of employment. Based on themethodsof theoretical research (analysis and synthesis, generalization), the authors reviewed scientific literature and information from various sources, identified the main elements characterizing the model of collaborative consumption, considered by various researchers and online platforms. The study highlights the scientific concepts and approaches to the definition of the sharing economy, including the concept of a shared economy; collaborative economy as well as access-based consumption (to resources); network interaction; commercial exchange systems. Thenoveltyof the study lies in the fact that the authors show how investments in the further development of the infrastructure of the sharing economy, including the development of digital online platforms, lead to an increase in the number of employers and workers by removing barriers and reducing transaction costs. The authors proposerecommendationsfor solving employment issues: to form a system for measuring the sharing economy and accounting for it in official statistics; provide a regulatory framework for the functioning of digital platforms; ensure the privacy of personal data and the safety of citizens participating in the sharing economy. It wasconcludedthat the implementation of the proposed measures will have a positive impact on the Russian labor market and increase the investment attractiveness of the most important sectors of the sharing economy

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::8dc627043295bbfecde993a19a6f86eaTest
https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1070Test

المؤلفون: N. V. Shuvalova

المصدر: Вестник университета, Vol 0, Iss 7, Pp 128-134 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Transaction cost, services, service delivery mechanism, business.industry, Declaration, Accounting, Information operator, transaction costs, HM401-1281, Intermediary, certification center, information operator, Economics as a science, Transactional leadership, electronic declaration system, participant of foreign economic activity, Sociology (General), Business, measurement of transaction costs, HB71-74

الوصف: The essence of costs in the organizational interaction between participants of external economic activity and the market in the case of connection to the electronic Declaration system has been revealed. This type of cost is classified as transactional. The expenses faced by participants in foreign economic activity at the present time when connecting to the electronic Declaration system have been identified and disclosed. It has been found that the existence of intermediaries in the process of providing such services leads to transaction costs of an explicit type Seven groups of implicit transaction costs also have been highlighted. Various approaches to measuring transaction costs have been considered, a partial use of ordinalist and cardinalist approaches has been proposed.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::15c677940bdefaaa679f9780e5905dbdTest
https://vestnik.guu.ru/jour/article/view/2321Test