المؤلفون: M, Hummel, A, Baumgarten, S, Hummel, S, König, A-G, Ziegler

المصدر: Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946). 132(21)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Smoking, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy in Diabetics, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Diabetes, Gestational, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Birth Weight, Humans, Female

الوصف: Smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM) are both risk factors for complications during pregnancy and disorders in the newborn. Smoking behavior during pregnancy was investigated in German families where either the pregnant woman or her spouse had diabetes. The relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy, her metabolic state and the child's birth weight was analysed.Data on smoking behavior during pregnancy of women and their spouses were obtained by questionnaire. 2 498 families were included: 1,439 women and 1,010 men with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 1,059 women and 1,488 men without T1D, deliveries having taken place between 1989 and 2005 (no account was taken of the amount smoked or whether stopped during pregnancy). Also collected were data on 308 women with gestational diabetes (GDM), who delivered a baby between 1989 and 1997.Significantly more pregnant women with T1D and GDM smoked than pregnant women without diabetes (13.2% and 15.2% vs 8.7%, p=0.001). Children of smoking pregnant women with T1D had a significantly lower birth weight than those of non-smoking pregnant women with T1D (median 54th percentile vs 71st percentile, p0.001), although smoking pregnant women had a higher HbA (1c) than non-smoking pregnant women with T1D (median 6.1% vs 5.7%, p0.001). The number of women and men who smoked during pregnancy declined between 1989 and 2005 (women: 17.5% vs. 8.9%, p=0.02, men: 38.0% vs 24.7%, p0.001).The lower birth weight of children of mothers who smoked demonstrates the detrimental consequences of smoking during pregnancy. Pregnant woman with diabetes are a high risk group that should be targeted with programmes that aim to stop smoking during pregnancy.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::ef48d430e5e559c446a8441733a4b698Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17506009Test

المؤلفون: J, Friedrich, W, Niebel, J, Erhard

المصدر: Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie. 124(8)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Reoperation, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Kidney Transplantation, Survival Rate, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Postoperative Complications, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Humans, Diabetic Nephropathies, Female, Pancreas Transplantation, Uremia

الوصف: The pancreas-kidney transplantation strives for a reestablishment both of the physiological regulation of blood glucose levels without external insulin and of kidney function without the need of dialysis. Nevertheless, the postoperative morbidity of the combined transplantation is high. In long lasting diabetes type I, a strict selection of transplant candidates is necessary to minimize the risks of cardio-vascular complications. Between 1990 and 1997 only 17 of 44 patients really were accepted for transplantation in our unit. 13/17 patients are actually independent from external insulin and dialysis. Two other patients are free of dialysis, but the pancreas transplants had to be removed due to thrombosis or infection. In one case therapy-resistant acute rejection occurred and both organs had to be removed after two months. One women died four years after transplantation with a functioning kidney graft from myocardial infarction. 10 patients with stable transplant function are at work again. After normal pregnancy two women gave birth to healthy children, in one case twins. Drug regimen and outpatients visits are not seen as significant restrictions of the quality of life.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::a729ca25709ad5483372ffb85778d308Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10488546Test

المؤلفون: H, Stiete, S, Stiete, D, Jährig, V, Briese, S N, Willich

المصدر: Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie. 199(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Blood Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Cesarean Section, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy in Diabetics, Glucose Tolerance Test, Hypoglycemia, Fetal Macrosomia, Jaundice, Neonatal, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Obstetric Labor, Premature, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Humans, Female

الوصف: In a prospective study, neonatal morbidity of newborn children of diabetic mothers and its association with the maternal metabolism was determined. Particular attention was directed on the somatic outcome of the children and their frequent metabolic imbalances. In addition, we determined the influence of maternal biological and somatometrical variables on the somatic outcome of newborns. Dependent upon the mothers' and children' variables, risk groups of newborns (fetopathy groups) were defined to optimize clinical care and surveillance of newborns. A total of 810 children were included born to mothers with primary insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), or gestational diabetes (GDM). Among the study population, 41.7% of children had macrosomia, 27.2% had a weight-length index1.2, 17.9% developed hypoglycemia and 19.5% hyperbilirubinemia within the initial 72 hours after birth. The somatic outcome of the children was significantly associated with pregnancy duration, maternal age, weight, height, and HbA1. Increasing maternal HbA1 prior to delivery (categorized in8.5%, 8.6-10%,10%) was associated with increased relative risk of incidence of neonatal morbidity. Finally, risk groups (fetopathy groups I-III) were defined according to maternal HbA1 value and somatic outcome of the newborns. The importance of these fetopathy groups for criteria of neonatal morbidity is demonstrated. Based upon categorization of newborn children into fetopathy groups, children should be allocated to specific concepts of appropriate surveillance and clinical care. The fetopathy classification may also serve as an independent tool for retrospective quality control of diabetic pregnancy.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::d7077378b7ab42cf7e50f9120d7c8725Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7497017Test

المؤلفون: H H, Günter, L, Berger, U, Messner, S, Niesert

المصدر: Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie. 199(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Fetal Growth Retardation, Cesarean Section, Pregnancy, High-Risk, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy in Diabetics, Placental Lactogen, Fetal Distress, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Hypertension, Apgar Score, Humans, Female, Retrospective Studies

الوصف: The correlation between estriol (E3) and human placenta lactogen (HPL) and perinatal morbidity was investigated in 105 diabetic, 96 hypertensive and 96 pregnancies without diabetes and hypertension. The hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay. Only if two determinations were outside the normal range the values were accepted as pathological. In pregnancies with hypertension a decrease of E3- and HPL-concentrations was correlated to significant higher incidence of operative deliveries and pathological APGAR-Scores. In the diabetic group is the low E3-concentration of significant predictive value in respect of the pathological cardiotocography as the indication of the operative delivery, the same applies to low HPL-concentrations in the hypertension group, in the control group no significant differences could be determined relating thereto. Hypotrophic newborns in the hypertension and control group are significant more frequent, if the concentration of E3 is decreased. The same applies to decreased HPL-concentrations in every group, where the hypertension group shows the highest predictive values.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::21b451b2795f8c70efa65b108d79556eTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7497015Test

المؤلفون: P, Bung, R, Artal, N, Khodiguian

المصدر: Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. 53(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Blood Glucose, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy in Diabetics, Combined Modality Therapy, Oxygen, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Diet, Diabetic, Exercise Test, Humans, Insulin, Female, Exercise

الوصف: Regular exercise has long been known as an adjunct in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. There are, however, only few reports on the impact of this therapy during pregnancy. This study aims at presenting an exercise programme for patients with insulin-requiring gestational diabetes (GDM) and its short-term and long-term effects on carbohydrate metabolism, on the foetus and on the course of pregnancy. Between the 26th and 32nd week of gestation, 41 pregnant subjects were randomised into either an exercise and diet group (EXE) or an Insulin and diet group (INS). The EXE patients (N = 21) trained three times per week at 50% VO2max. For 3 x 15 minutes on a recumbent bicycle ergometer throughout pregnancy with blood glucose monitoring before and after exercise). Blood glucose metabolism was followed by daily home monitoring and weekly fasting blood glucose sampling (FBG). The FBG results were comparable in the study and the control group (105 mg/dl); the maternal and foetal complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. The glycaemic parameters indicate a persistent decrease in blood glucose and an increase in insulin sensitivity induced by regular physical activity. We conclude, that such a medically supervised exercise programme can be safely conducted in women with GDM resulting in normoglycaemia for the mother and thus preventing insulin therapy.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::d818228ddbc3b83879857c08e3048c37Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8467987Test