An Integrated Use of GIS, Geostatistical and Map Overlay Techniques for Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Groundwater Quality and Level in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, South Asia
| العنوان: | An Integrated Use of GIS, Geostatistical and Map Overlay Techniques for Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Groundwater Quality and Level in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, South Asia |
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| المؤلفون: | Ijaz Ahmad, Huzaifa Shahzad, Matlob Ahmad, Xi Chen, Aminjon Gulakhmadov, Hafiz Umar Farid, Muhammad Mubeen, Muhammad Naveed Anjum, Perviaz Sakindar, Zahid M. Khan |
| المصدر: | Water, Vol 12, Iss 3555, p 3555 (2020) Water Volume 12 Issue 12 |
| بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Irrigation, Geographic information system, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, groundwater quality, Geography, Planning and Development, groundwater level, Overlay, Geostatistics, Aquatic Science, Spatial distribution, Biochemistry, lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, lcsh:TC1-978, geostatistics, spatial distribution modeling, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, geography, lcsh:TD201-500, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, t-test, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, business, Groundwater, Water well |
| الوصف: | The rapidly changing climatic scenario is demanding periodic evaluation of groundwater quality at the temporal and spatial scale in any region for its effectual management. The statistical, geographic information system (GIS), geostatistical, and map overlay approaches were applied for investigating the spatio-temporal variation in groundwater quality and level data of 242 monitoring wells in Punjab, Pakistan during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2015 and 2016. The analysis indicated the higher variation in data for both the seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) as coefficient of variation (CV) values were found in the range of 84&ndash 175% for groundwater quality parameters. Based on the t-test values, the marginal improvement in groundwater electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and decrease in groundwater level (GWL) were observed in 2016 as compared to 2015 (p = 0.05). The spatial distribution analysis of groundwater EC, SAR and RSC indicated that the groundwater quality was unfit for irrigation in the lower south-east part of the study area. The groundwater level (GWL) was also higher in that part of the study area during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in 2015 and 2016. The overlay analysis also indicated that the groundwater EC, RSC and GWL values were higher in south-east parts of the study area during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2015 and 2016. Hence, there is an instant need to apply groundwater management practices in the rest of the region (especially in the lower south-east part) to overcome the future degradation of groundwater quality. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2073-4441 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4d4b04ffa537ae1032adfa7aca80a54aTest https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3555Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....4d4b04ffa537ae1032adfa7aca80a54a |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 20734441 |
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