Ecological Risk Assessment and Contamination History of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Chagan Lake, Northeast China
| العنوان: | Ecological Risk Assessment and Contamination History of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Chagan Lake, Northeast China |
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| المؤلفون: | Sheli Chai, Panfeng Liu, Chaojie Zheng, Zhiqiang Wu, Liangliang Huang, Xianrong Luo, Meilan Wen, Yinghong Liu |
| المصدر: | Water, Vol 13, Iss 894, p 894 (2021) Water Volume 13 Issue 7 |
| بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2021. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Pollution, heavy metal in sediment, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Chagan Lake, source analysis, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 210Pb dating, lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, lcsh:TC1-978, Ecological risk, Sediment core, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, lcsh:TD201-500, Sediment, Heavy metals, Contamination, Environmental chemistry, Principal component analysis, Environmental science, Sedimentary rock, isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformation |
| الوصف: | The study deals with the spatio-temporal distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Chagan lake, Northeast China. The pollution history of heavy metals is studied simultaneously through the 210Pb dating method by analyzing the characteristic of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentration-depth profiles. The potential ecological risk index (RI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to evaluate the contamination degree. Principal component analysis (PCA), based on the logarithmic transformation and isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformed data, was applied with the aim of identifying the sources of heavy metals. The element concentrations show that the heavy metals are enriched in the surface sediment and sediment core with a varying degree, which is higher in the surficial residue. The results of Igeo indicate that the Cd and Hg in the surface sediment have reached a slightly contaminated level while other elements, uncontaminated. The results of RI show that the study area can be classified as an area with moderate ecological risk in which Cd and Hg mostly contribute to the overall risk. For the sediment core, the 210Pb dating results accurately reflect the sedimentary history over 153 years. From two evaluation indices (RI and Igeo) calculated by element concentration, there is no contamination, and the potential ecological risk is low during this period. The comparative study between raw and ilr transformed data shows that the closure effect of the raw data can be eliminated by ilr transformation. After that, the components obtained by robust principal component analysis (RPCA) are more representative than those obtained by PCA, both based on ilr transformed dataset, after eliminating the influence of outliers. Based on ilr transformed data with RPCA, three primary sources could be inferred: Cr, Ni, As, Zn, and Cu are mainly derived from natural sources the main source of Cd and Hg are associated with agricultural activities and energy development as for Pb, it originated from traffic and coal-burning activities, which is consistent with the fact that the development of tourism, fishery, and agriculture industries has led to the continuous increasing levels of anthropogenic Pb in Chagan Lake. The summarized results and conclusions will undoubtedly enhance the governmental awareness of heavy metal pollution and facilitate appropriate pollution control measures in Chagan Lake. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2073-4441 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e8e08261dafd8383bfe5723129862894Test https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/7/894Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....e8e08261dafd8383bfe5723129862894 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 20734441 |
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