المؤلفون: Yan Chen, Joshua M. Spin, Thomas Renné, James B Fink, Tobias Deuse, Evgenios Neofytou, Sonja Schrepfer, Gary Park, Vanessa Taylor, Robert C. Robbins, Hermann Reichenspurner, Rainer Kiefmann, Mandy Stubbendorff, Xiaoqin Hua, Martina Kiefmann

المصدر: Transplantation. 100:1022-1031

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, epithelial-cells, medicine.medical_treatment, Administration, Oral, 030230 surgery, Pharmacology, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Bronchiolitis Obliterans, Cells, Cultured, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Immunosuppression, severe combined immunodeficiency, respiratory system, international society, Trachea, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesia, Toxicity, primary graft dysfunction, Systemic administration, Immunosuppressive Agents, Signal Transduction, medicine.drug, signal-transduction, Bronchiolitis obliterans, 03 medical and health sciences, nf-kappa-b, Administration, Inhalation, Animals, Humans, inhaled tacrolimus, lung-transplant recipients, Everolimus, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Aerosols, Transplantation, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, business.industry, cardiac allograft-rejection, Janus Kinase 3, Epithelial Cells, Janus Kinase 1, medicine.disease, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, jak inhibitor cp-690,550, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Rats, Inbred Lew, Respiratory epithelium, business, Airway

الوصف: Background The efficacy of selective Janus kinase 1/3 inhibitor R507 to prevent obliterative airway disease was analyzed in preclinical airway transplantation models. Methods Orthotopic trachea transplantations were performed between Lewis donors and Brown Norway rat recipients. Oral everolimus (4 mg/kg once per day) or oral respective inhaled R507 (60 mg/kg twice per day, each) was used for immunosuppression. Grafts were retrieved after 6 or 60 days. Toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of R507 were analyzed on human airway epithelial cells. Results In 6-day animals, oral and inhaled R507 more potently diminished mononuclear graft infiltration than everolimus and preserved ciliated pseudostratified columnar respiratory epithelium. Everolimus and R507 similarly suppressed systemic cellular and humoral immune activation. In untreated rats, marked obliterative airway disease developed over 60 days. Oral and inhaled R507 was significantly more effective in reducing airway obliteration and preserved the morphology of the airway epithelium. Luciferase-positive donors revealed that a substantial amount of smooth muscle cells within the obliterative tissue was of donor origin. Only everolimus but not R507, adversely altered kidney function and lipid profiles. The R507 aerosol did not show airway toxicity in vitro but effectively suppressed activation of inflammatory signaling pathways induced by IL-1β. Conclusions The Janus kinase 1/3 inhibitor R507 is a very well-tolerated immunosuppressant that similarly diminished obliterative airway disease with systemic or inhaled administration.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b632195d4328ba11ee79192f622ea66aTest
https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000001110Test

المؤلفون: Ursula Rauen, Thomas Minor, Anja Gallinat, Dieter P. Hoyer, Andreas Paul, Jeremias Wohlschlaeger, Sandra Swoboda

المصدر: Transplantation. 98:944-950

مصطلحات موضوعية: Time Factors, Fractional excretion of sodium, Swine, Organ Preservation Solutions, Medizin, Renal function, Kidney, Andrology, Hypothermia, Induced, medicine, Animals, Transplantation, Machine perfusion, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, business.industry, Sodium, Kidney metabolism, Organ Preservation, gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Oxygenation, Hypothermia, Death, Oxygen, Perfusion, Kidney Tubules, Creatinine, Anesthesia, Reperfusion, Female, Lipid Peroxidation, medicine.symptom, Reactive Oxygen Species, business, Blood Flow Velocity

الوصف: Background Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) for preservation led to compelling success for outcomes of renal transplantation. Application of different concentrations of oxygen during renal HMP has not been systematically analyzed. This study investigates the aspects of renal function and morphology in dependence of oxygen concentrations during HMP in a porcine donation after circulatory death model. Methods After 30 min of warm ischemia, porcine kidneys were randomly assigned to preservation for 21 hr by HMP without oxygenation (HMPnoox), oxygenated HMP with air (HMPair), or 100% oxygen (HMPox100%). Afterward, kidneys were reperfused for 2 hr in an ex vivo model for assessment of function and integrity. Results Application of HMPox100% led to significantly increased blood flow during reperfusion compared to HMPnoox. Preservation by HMPox100% led to a doubling of creatinine clearance after 90 and 120 min of reperfusion (13.4 and 12.0 mL/min) compared to preservation by HMPnoox (7.3 and 7.7 mL/min; P=0.01). Oxygenated HMP with air led to results between the two other groups. Fractional excretion of sodium demonstrated a strong tendency of higher values after HMPnoox compared to HMPox100% (P=0.096) and HMPair (P=0.09). Analysis of structural integrity during reperfusion demonstrated significantly higher values of lactate dehydrogenase resembling cell damage (P=0.02), higher values of gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gGT) resembling tubulus injury (P=0.048), and more pronounced tubular dilatation (P=0.02) after HMPnoox compared to HMPox100%. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that application of HMPox100% for kidneys from donations after circulatory death results in better renal function during early reperfusion compared to HMPnoox.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3831f33e20216c0fe7a541f9475b83aeTest
https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000000379Test

المؤلفون: J. Moritz Kaths, Anand Ghanekar, Juan Echeverri, Darius J. Bägli, Rohan John, Markus Selzner, Paul M. Yip, Yi-Min Chun, Daniel Foltys, Nicolas Goldaracena, Aryn Wiebe, Kristine S. Louis, Ivan Linares, Lisa A. Robinson, David R. Grant, Istvan Mucsi

المصدر: Transplantation. 100(9)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Organ Preservation Solutions, Sus scrofa, 030232 urology & nephrology, Urology, Medizin, Cold storage, Renal function, 030230 surgery, Kidney, Nephrectomy, Transplantation, Autologous, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Potassium Chloride, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Pressure, Animals, Mannitol, Kidney surgery, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Lactic Acid, Blood urea nitrogen, Tissue Survival, Transplantation, Creatinine, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, business.industry, Cold Ischemia, Graft Survival, Kidney metabolism, Organ Preservation, Kidney Transplantation, Surgery, Perfusion, Elevated serum creatinine, Glucose, chemistry, Models, Animal, Feasibility Studies, business, Biomarkers, Procaine

الوصف: BACKGROUND Hypothermic kidney storage causes preservation injury and is poorly tolerated by renal grafts. We investigated whether static cold storage (SCS) can be safely replaced with a novel technique of pressure-controlled normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) in heart-beating donor kidney transplantation. METHODS Right kidneys were removed from 30 kg Yorkshire pigs in a model of heart-beating donation and either preserved in cold histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution for 8 hours (n = 5), or subjected to 8 hours of pressure-controlled NEVKP (n = 5) followed by renal heterotopic autotransplantation. RESULTS During NEVKP, physiologic perfusion conditions were maintained with low intrarenal resistance and normal electrolyte and pH parameters. Aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase as injury markers were below the detectable analyzer range (

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::76ed3eea037d72ad39b1e4d90951448bTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29539938Test

المؤلفون: Minoru Nagayama, Hitoshi Kimura, Yasutoshi Kimura, Masato Isobe, Makoto Meguro, Tadashi Katsuramaki, Akihiro Nui, Koichi Hirata, Takashi Matsuno

المصدر: Transplantation. 73:1439-1446

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Hot Temperature, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Endothelium, Swine, medicine.medical_treatment, Amidines, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ischemia, Internal medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine, Animals, Tissue Distribution, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Enzyme Inhibitors, Nitrites, Transplantation, Nitrates, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, biology, business.industry, Nitrotyrosine, Extracorporeal circulation, Thrombosis, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Nitric oxide synthase, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver, chemistry, Reperfusion Injury, biology.protein, Tyrosine, Female, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Hepatectomy, business, Reperfusion injury, Liver Circulation

الوصف: Background. Recently, a novel inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, ONO-1714, was developed. We evaluated the effect of ONO-1714 on a critical warm I/R model of the pig liver. Methods. Pigs were subjected to 180 min of hepatic warm I/R under the extracorporeal circulation. We investigated the time course of changes in the serum NO2− + NO3− (NOx), the cellular distribution of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase, thrombocyte-thrombi, and nitrotyrosine by immunohistochemistry. The hepatic tissue blood flow (HTBF) was measured continuously using a laser-Doppler blood flowmeter. Results. ONO-1714 at 0.05 mg/kg improved the survival rate from 54 (control group) to 100%. The serum NOx levels in the ONO-1714 group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 6 hr after reperfusion. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of the ONO-1714 group were significantly lower than the control group, and the HTBF of the ONO-1714 group was significantly higher than the control group. The formation of thrombocyte-thrombi and nitrotyrosine after reperfusion was significantly lower in the ONO-1714 group. Conclusions. These results indicated that ONO-1714 improved the survival rates and attenuated I/R injury in a critical hepatic warm I/R model of the pig. ONO-1714 will be beneficial for hepatectomy or liver transplantation in the clinical field.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1337d6020dc4e1612bbb63c8319b7ab5Test
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200205150-00013Test

المؤلفون: Michael L. Nicholson, Ismail H. Mohamed, Bin Yang, Atul Bagul, Sarah A. Hosgood

المصدر: Transplantation. 89:830-837

مصطلحات موضوعية: Pathology, Adenosine, Time Factors, Swine, Kidney, Potassium Chloride, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hypothermia, Induced, Insulin, Medicine, Mannitol, Citrates, Acid-Base Equilibrium, Cold Ischemia, Area under the curve, Equipment Design, Glutathione, Perfusion, medicine.anatomical_structure, Creatinine, Reperfusion Injury, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Allopurinol, Organ Preservation Solutions, Urology, Cold storage, Renal function, Raffinose, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Peroxidase, Transplantation, Machine perfusion, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, business.industry, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Disease Models, Animal, Oxidative Stress, Glucose, chemistry, Lipid Peroxidation, business, Reperfusion injury, Biomarkers, Procaine

الوصف: INTRODUCTION There is increasing support for the use of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in an attempt to reduce preservation injury. However, experimental evidence is needed to further examine the effects of HMP on renal ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS Porcine kidneys were subjected to 10 min of warm ischemia followed by 18 hr of static cold storage with hyperosomolar citrate (HOC), histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK), or University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions or 18 hr HMP with Kidney Perfusion Solution using the Lifeport perfusion system. Renal function, oxidative damage, and morphology were assessed during 3 hr of reperfusion with autologous blood using an isolated organ perfusion system. RESULTS During reperfusion, intrarenal resistance was significantly lower in the HMP group compared with HOC and UW (area under the curve; HMP 3.8+/-1.7, HOC 9.1+/-4.3, UW 7.7+/-2.2, HTK 5.6+/-1.9 mm Hg/min; P=0.006), and creatinine clearance was significantly higher compared with the UW group (area under the curve creatinine clearance; HMP 9.8+/-7.3, HOC 2.2+/-1.7, UW 1.8+/-1.0, HTK 2.1+/-1.8 mL/min/100 g; P=0.004). Tubular function was significantly improved in the HMP group (P

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0be43bfa886cc8766b68098f4af97650Test
https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0b013e3181cfa1d2Test

المؤلفون: Bin Yang, Mark D. Kay, Sarah A. Hosgood, Michael L. Nicholson, Helen L. Waller, S Harper, Ines Goncalves

المصدر: Transplantation. 86:445-451

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Swine, Ischemia, Urology, Renal function, Kidney, Kidney Function Tests, Nephrectomy, Severity of Illness Index, Renal Circulation, Protein Carbonylation, Oxygen Consumption, Acetylglucosaminidase, Animals, Medicine, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Warm Ischemia, Kidney surgery, Acid-Base Equilibrium, Transplantation, Renal circulation, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Caspase 3, business.industry, Graft Survival, Kidney metabolism, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Hemoperfusion, Oxidative Stress, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reperfusion Injury, Renal blood flow, Lipid Peroxidation, business, Biomarkers, DNA Damage, Kidney disease

الوصف: BACKGROUND: The precise effect of warm ischemia on renal allograft function remains unclear and leads to variable warm ischemic time (WIT) limits advocated by transplant programs. This study aims to investigate the relationship between WIT, renal ischemia reperfusion injury, and graft function using a hemoperfused kidney model. METHODS: Porcine kidneys were perfused with normothermic blood on an isolated organ perfusion system. Kidneys were divided into four groups (n=6) and subjected to 7, 15, 25, and 40 min WIT. Physiological parameters were measured throughout the 6 hr perfusion period. Serum, tissue, and urine samples were analyzed for histological and biochemical markers of ischemia reperfusion injury. RESULTS: Creatinine clearance, urine output, renal hemodynamics, and oxygen consumption deteriorated proportionally with increasing WIT. A significant increase in plasma carbonyl levels during perfusion was seen after 25 and 40 min WIT only. Plasma 8-isoprostane levels were higher after 40 min WIT (2.5+/-1.6) vs. 7, 15, and 25 min WIT (0.65+/-0.43, 0.25+/-0.12, and 0.62+/-0.21, respectively; P

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d6404f91c8f1ba5e514bedae1e3716f2Test
https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0b013e31817fe0cdTest

المؤلفون: M.A. Janssen, Oomen Ap, Daemen Jw, G. Kootstra, van Kreel Bk, van de Schoot L, Heineman E

المصدر: Transplantation. 63:89-93

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Ischemia, Urology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, Humans, Medicine, Aged, Glutathione Transferase, Transplantation, Kidney, Creatinine, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, business.industry, Organ Preservation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Vascular resistance, Vascular Resistance, business, Perfusion, Kidney disease

الوصف: Non-heart-beating (NHB) donors are a valuable source of kidneys for transplantation. The organs, however, sustain substantial warm ischemic damage that may jeopardize the transplantability and result in nonfunction of the grafts. Quantification of warm ischemic time (WIT) and prediction of transplant outcome are essential for the use of NHB donor organs. During machine preservation (MP) the viability of NHB donor kidneys was evaluated through calculating intrarenal vascular resistance and determining lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-glutathione S-transferase (alphaGST) in the perfusate. Thirty-seven functioning (F) and nine nonfunctioning kidneys (NF) were compared. WIT was longer in NF; serum creatinine, donor age, and preservation time were not different. WIT correlated well with alphaGST after 4 and 8 hr of MP (r=0.353, P=0.009, and r=0.346, P=0.011, respectively). When compared with F, intrarenal vascular resistance was increased in NF after 4 and 8 hr of perfusion (P

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::21f56a50e25dc9b4769e0e3affe6ee0bTest
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199701150-00017Test

المؤلفون: Olivier Bouchot, Luc Rochette, Daniel Moreau, Stéphanie Delemasure, Catherine Vergely, Benjamin Lauzier, Franck Menetrier, Pierre Sicard

المصدر: Transplantation. 84:1474-1482

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Transplantation Conditioning, Heart disease, medicine.medical_treatment, Ischemia, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, chemistry.chemical_compound, Superoxides, Internal medicine, Pyruvic Acid, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Postoperative Care, Heart transplantation, Transplantation, NADPH oxidase, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, biology, Superoxide, business.industry, Myocardium, Cold Ischemia, NADPH Oxidases, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Heart, Hypothermia, medicine.disease, Rats, chemistry, Anesthesia, Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial, Circulatory system, Heart Arrest, Induced, biology.protein, Cardiology, Heart Transplantation, Collagen, Pyruvic acid, medicine.symptom, business

الوصف: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that ischemia lasting more than 4 hours affects cardiac allograft survival. Ischemia and reperfusion are associated with additional deleterious effects. Protective effects of preconditioning are already being used but protocols based on postconditioning have not been evaluated. We tested the impact of postconditioning on hearts maintained in the cold for a long period of total global ischemia and we compared the results with those obtained with pyruvate, a cardioprotective molecule. METHODS: Isolated working rat hearts were subjected to a global total ischemia (4 h/4 degrees C), followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Postconditioning consisted of brief total global ischemia applied three times during the onset of reperfusion (ischemia: 30 sec, reperfusion: 30 sec). Superoxide anion production and collagen content were evaluated on cryosections. RESULTS: Our results showed that postconditioning led to improvements in cardiac functions that were comparable to those conferred by pyruvate. Postconditioning reduced myocardial damage, gave better functional recovery, and better preserved the collagen content. It reduced the duration of arrhythmias at the onset of reperfusion. In the postconditioning group, this improvement was associated with a reduction in superoxide production. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study showed that postconditioning induced good cardioprotective effects in a long cold (4 hr/4 degrees C) ischemia protocol and led to lower O2 production in part mediated by the reduction in NAPDH oxidase activity. It is interesting to note that, in our experimental conditions, the beneficial effects of postconditioning were comparable to those produced by pyruvate.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::8e10931123422094704846097c704b74Test
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000288637.18796.0eTest

المؤلفون: Changguo Chen, Dinesh Ranjan, Thomas D. Johnston, Guanghan Wu

المصدر: Transplantation. 82:931-937

مصطلحات موضوعية: Curcumin, Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, Bicarbonate, Organ Preservation Solutions, In Vitro Techniques, Pharmacology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Liver Function Tests, Lactate dehydrogenase, Animals, Medicine, Viaspan, Tromethamine, Liver preservation, Transplantation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Organ Preservation, Rats, Perfusion, Kinetics, Glucose, Liver, chemistry, Biochemistry, Models, Animal, business, Liver function tests

الوصف: Background Curcumin has profound antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This research assessed the effect of curcumin on liver preservation. Methods Sprague-Dawley rat livers were flushed with different preservation solutions [Euro-Collins solution (EC), phosphate buffer saline (PBS), University of Wisconsin solution (UW)] with or without curcumin (25-200 microM) and stored at 4 degrees C for 24-48 hours. Livers were then perfused for 120 minutes via the portal vein with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at a pressure of 18 cm H2O in a perfusion apparatus. The livers in the normal (NL) group were flushed with EC, PBS, or UW, then immediately perfused (zero preservation time). Results We found that curcumin at 100 microM concentration had the optimal preservation characteristics. Portal flow rates and bile production were significantly higher and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase) were significantly lower in the EC+C livers and PBS+C livers than in the EC or PBS with optimum concentration of 100 microM of curcumin. Comparing UW+C vs. UW livers, at 24 hours there was no difference in these parameters; however, at 36 hours and 48 hours, portal flow rates and bile production were significantly higher in UW+C livers. Conclusions We found that curcumin has inherent organ preservation quality as it enhanced liver preservation in PBS. In addition, curcumin enhanced the preservation quality of EC and UW solutions, thereby extending the preservation time while maintaining the organ quality.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f1115b19c5c480de007fbad5ee95d22cTest
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000232674.52951.ffTest

المؤلفون: K. Acarli, Myron Schwartz, Charles M. Miller, Osman Senyuz, K. Fukuzawa, Sukru Emre

المصدر: Transplantation. 59:6-9

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Hot Temperature, Swine, Ischemia, medicine.disease_cause, Acetylcysteine, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adenosine Triphosphate, Internal medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine, Animals, Bile, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Transplantation, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, business.industry, Glutathione, medicine.disease, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, Liver, chemistry, Reperfusion Injury, Anesthesia, business, Reperfusion injury, Homeostasis, Oxidative stress, medicine.drug

الوصف: Glutathione is important in cellular defense against oxidative stress. We postulated that administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor, might help maintain or replenish hepatic glutathione stores, thereby reducing reperfusion injury in liver grafts after warm ischemia. Eighteen pigs were subjected to 2 hr of warm hepatic ischemia and divided into a control group (group A, n = 6), a preischemia treatment group (group B, n = 6: NAC, 150 mg/kg, continuous i.v. infusion 1 hr before ischemia), and a postischemia treatment group (group C, n = 6: NAC, 150 mg/kg continuous i.v., begun 20 min before reperfusion and continued for 1 hr). At initiation of laparotomy, we measured hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), its oxidized form (GSSG), ATP, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Before reperfusion, after 2 hr of warm ischemia, GSH, GSSG, and ATP were measured. One hour after reperfusion, we measured GSH, GSSG, ATP, AST, and LDH. Bile output was recorded every 10 min. Postoperfusion AST and LDH were significantly lower in both treatment groups than in controls. In group B, hepatic glutathione was maintained at significantly higher levels than in controls, even after ischemia (P < 0.05). In group C, although hepatic GSH levels fell until reperfusion, after administration of NAC, hepatic GSH reached the level of the preischemia treatment group. In both treatment groups, GSH 1 hr after reperfusion was significantly higher than in the controls (P < 0.01): regeneration of glutathione was seen in all 6 animals in group C, compared with 2/6 in group B and none in the control group. ATP recovery, bile output, and survival were all better in the treatment groups than in the control group. Pretreatment with NAC helps maintain hepatic glutathione during warm ischemia; given after ischemia, NAC is effective in replenishing depleted glutathione stores. Adjunctive use of NAC was associated with improved glutathione homeostasis, improved bile output and ATP regeneration, and increased survival.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ed19f5e1888e50d62f2e6172db916397Test
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199501150-00002Test