المؤلفون: Sow, Ahmadou, Brévault, Thierry, Benoit, Laure, Chapuis, Marie Pierre, Galan, Maxime, Coeur d'Acier, Armelle, Delvare, Gérard, Sembène, Mbacké, Haran, Julien

المصدر: Scientific Reports

مصطلحات موضوعية: H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Parasitisme, Ravageur des plantes, Parasitoïde, Relation hôte pathogène, Pennisetum glaucum, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577Test, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16196Test, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34070Test, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34017Test, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13199Test, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970Test

جغرافية الموضوع: Sénégal

الوصف: An accurate estimation of parasitism rates and diversity of parasitoids of crop insect pests is a prerequisite for exploring processes leading to efficient natural biocontrol. Traditional methods such as rearing have been often limited by taxonomic identification, insect mortality and intensive work, but the advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques, such as DNA metabarcoding, is increasingly seen as a reliable and powerful alternative approach. Little has been done to explore the benefits of such an approach for estimating parasitism rates and parasitoid diversity in an agricultural context. In this study, we compared the composition of parasitoid species and parasitism rates between rearing and DNA metabarcoding of host eggs and larvae of the millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), collected from millet fields in Senegal. We first assessed the detection threshold for the main ten endoparasitoids, by sequencing PCR products obtained from artificial dilution gradients of the parasitoid DNAs in the host moth. We then assessed the potential of DNA metabarcoding for diagnosing parasitism rates in samples collected from the field. Under controlled conditions, our results showed that relatively small quantities of parasitoid DNA (0.07 ng) were successfully detected within an eight-fold larger quantity of host DNA. Parasitoid diversity and parasitism rate estimates were always higher for DNA metabarcoding than for host rearing. Furthermore, metabarcoding detected multi-parasitism, cryptic parasitoid species and differences in parasitism rates between two different sampling sites. Metabarcoding shows promise for gaining a clearer understanding of the importance and complexity of host-parasitoid interactions in agro-ecosystems, with a view to improving pest biocontrol strategies.

وصف الملف: text

العلاقة: http://agritrop.cirad.fr/591544Test/; Deciphering host-parasitoid interactions and parasitism rates of crop pests using DNA metabarcoding. Sow Ahmadou, Brévault Thierry, Benoit Laure, Chapuis Marie Pierre, Galan Maxime, Coeur d'Acier Armelle, Delvare Gérard, Sembène Mbacké, Haran Julien. 2019. Scientific Reports, 9:3646, 12 p.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40243-zTest; http://agritrop.cirad.fr/591544/1/31.%20Sow%20et%20al.%202019%20Parasitism%20rate%20crop%20pest%20metabarcoding_Sci-Rep.pdfTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40243-zTest
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/591544Test/
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/591544/1/31.%20Sow%20et%20al.%202019%20Parasitism%20rate%20crop%20pest%20metabarcoding_Sci-Rep.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Sun, Jing-Tao, Wang, Man-Man, Zhang, Yan-Kai, Chapuis, Marie Pierre, Jiang, Xin-Yu, Hu, Gao, Yang, Xian-Ming, Ge, Cheng, Xue, Xiao-Feng, Hong, Xiao-Yue

المصدر: Scientific Reports

مصطلحات موضوعية: H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Laodelphax striatellus, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36608Test, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1556Test

جغرافية الموضوع: Chine

الوصف: Understanding dispersal ability in pest species is critical for both theoretical aspects of evolutionary and population biology and from a practical standpoint, such as implementing effective forecasting systems. The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Falle´n), is an economically important pest, but few data exist on its dispersal ability. Here, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to elucidate the population genetic structure of SBPH and of the parasitic bacterium Wolbachia throughout temperate and subtropical China. Our results showed that the SBPH populations in China lack significant differences in genetic structure, suggesting extensive gene flow. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that Wolbachia infection was systematic and due to the same strain (wStri) within and across populations. However, the mtDNA haplogroups had a nonrandom distribution across the sampling localities, which correlated to latitudinal and climatic gradients. We explain this mito-nuclear discordance as a result of historical population recolonization or mitochondria adaptation to climate.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: http://agritrop.cirad.fr/575045Test/; Evidence for high dispersal ability and mito-nuclear discordance in the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus. Sun Jing-Tao, Wang Man-Man, Zhang Yan-Kai, Chapuis Marie Pierre, Jiang Xin-Yu, Hu Gao, Yang Xian-Ming, Ge Cheng, Xue Xiao-Feng, Hong Xiao-Yue. 2015. Scientific Reports, 5 (8045), 10 p.https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08045Test; http://agritrop.cirad.fr/575045/1/document_575045.pdfTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08045Test
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/575045Test/
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/575045/1/document_575045.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Channing A. Egeberg, Kara E. Yopak, Lucille Chapuis, Enrico Gennari, Carl J. Schmidt, Laura A. Ryan, Ryan M. Kempster, Robert D. McCauley, Shaun P. Collin, Caroline C. Kerr, Nathan S. Hart

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2019)
Scientific Reports

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, food.ingredient, Behavioural ecology, lcsh:Medicine, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, food, Species Specificity, Immersion, Animals, Underwater, lcsh:Science, Reef, Sensory cue, Swimming, Sound (geography), Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Behavior, Animal, biology, lcsh:R, Water, Animal behaviour, biology.organism_classification, Carcharias, Carcharodon, Fishery, Noise, Sound, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Negaprion brevirostris, Sharks, Auditory system, lcsh:Q, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery

الوصف: The effect of sound on the behaviour of sharks has not been investigated since the 1970s. Sound is, however, an important sensory stimulus underwater, as it can spread in all directions quickly and propagate further than any other sensory cue. We used a baited underwater camera rig to record the behavioural responses of eight species of sharks (seven reef and coastal shark species and the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias) to the playback of two distinct sound stimuli in the wild: an orca call sequence and an artificially generated sound. When sounds were playing, reef and coastal sharks were less numerous in the area, were responsible for fewer interactions with the baited test rigs, and displayed less ‘inquisitive’ behaviour, compared to during silent control trials. White sharks spent less time around the baited camera rig when the artificial sound was presented, but showed no significant difference in behaviour in response to orca calls. The use of the presented acoustic stimuli alone is not an effective deterrent for C. carcharias. The behavioural response of reef sharks to sound raises concern about the effects of anthropogenic noise on these taxa.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1140f719d6640aa3536f8d1ab6ed0fbeTest
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-019-43078-wTest

المؤلفون: Qing Liu, Renlong Xin, Yunchang Xin, Xiaoxu Huang, Adrien Chapuis, Huihui Yu

المصدر: Scientific Reports

مصطلحات موضوعية: 010302 applied physics, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Misorientation, Mg alloys, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, Slip (materials science), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Article, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, Hardening (metallurgy), Grain boundary, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Crystal twinning, media_common

الوصف: In the present study, a coarse grained AZ31 plate was refined by "Equation missing" twin boundaries (TBs) and grain boundaries (GBs), respectively. A comparative study about the different effects of grain refinements by GBs and by TBs on tension-compression yield asymmetry was performed. Our results show that both the refinements by GBs and by TBs increase the tensile and compressive yield strengths, but to a different degree. "Equation missing" TBs are more effective to harden "Equation missing" twinning, but yield a lower strengthening against prismatic slip and a much lower tension-compression yield asymmetry is thus obtained. Both the differences in boundary coherence and misorientation between GBs and TBs affect the hardening. The misorientation of TBs provides a lower geometric compatibility factor (a higher hardening) for both prismatic slip and "Equation missing" twinning than that of GBs, which in detail is the result of the much higher angle between c-axes of the two sides of TBs (about 86°) than GBs (0–50°). It is found that, for hardening of prismatic slip, boundary coherence plays a more important role than misorientation. With regard to "Equation missing" twinning, the different misorientation of TBs from GBs mainly accounts for their different hardening effects.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::90a01844583e2b57fd674eac5f847022Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27375280Test

المؤلفون: Olivier Dupré, Etienne Blandre, Michael P. Bernardi, Pierre Olivier Chapuis, Rodolphe Vaillon, Mathieu Francoeur

المساهمون: University of Utah, Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

المصدر: Scientific Reports
Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2015, 5, pp.11626. ⟨10.1038/srep11626⟩

مصطلحات موضوعية: Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Tungsten, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Radiative transfer, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Gallium antimonide, Electricity generation, chemistry, Thermophotovoltaic, Radiator (engine cooling), [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business

الوصف: The impacts of radiative, electrical and thermal losses on the power output enhancement of nanoscale-gap thermophotovoltaic (nano-TPV) power generators consisting of a gallium antimonide cell paired with a broadband tungsten and a radiatively-optimized Drude radiator are analyzed. Results reveal that surface mode mediated nano-TPV power generation with the Drude radiator outperforms the tungsten emitter, dominated by frustrated modes, only for a vacuum gap thickness of 10 nm and if both electrical and thermal losses are neglected. The key limiting factors for the Drude and tungsten-based devices are respectively the recombination of electron-hole pairs at the cell surface and thermalization of radiation with energy larger than the absorption bandgap. In a nano-TPV power generator cooled by convection with a fluid at 293 K and a heat transfer coefficient of 10^4 Wm^-2K^-1, power output enhancements of 4.69 and 1.89 are obtained for the tungsten and Drude radiators, respectively, when a realistic vacuum gap thickness of 100 nm is considered. A design guideline is also proposed where a high energy cutoff above which radiation has a net negative effect on nano-TPV power output is determined. This work demonstrates that design and optimization of nano-TPV devices must account for radiative, electrical and thermal losses.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5392def1caf93506a1daf68913526a5cTest

المؤلفون: Xiao-Feng Xue, Jing-Tao Sun, Xin-Yu Jiang, Cheng Ge, Xiao-Yue Hong, Xian-Ming Yang, Gao Hu, Man-Man Wang, Yan-Kai Zhang, Marie Pierre Chapuis

المصدر: Scientific Reports

مصطلحات موضوعية: Genetic Markers, Genotype, Population, Population biology, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, Article, Gene flow, Electron Transport Complex IV, Hemiptera, Genetic variation, Laodelphax striatellus, Animals, education, Principal Component Analysis, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Mitochondria, Logistic Models, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, Wolbachia, Metagenomics, Brown planthopper, Microsatellite Repeats

الوصف: Understanding dispersal ability in pest species is critical for both theoretical aspects of evolutionary and population biology and from a practical standpoint, such as implementing effective forecasting systems. The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Falle´n), is an economically important pest, but few data exist on its dispersal ability. Here, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to elucidate the population genetic structure of SBPH and of the parasitic bacterium Wolbachia throughout temperate and subtropical China. Our results showed that the SBPH populations in China lack significant differences in genetic structure, suggesting extensive gene flow. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that Wolbachia infection was systematic and due to the same strain (wStri) within and across populations. However, the mtDNA haplogroups had a nonrandom distribution across the sampling localities, which correlated to latitudinal and climatic gradients. We explain this mito-nuclear discordance as a result of historical population recolonization or mitochondria adaptation to climate.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2df258a8948813341cd066cc8c640e82Test
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08045Test

المؤلفون: Chapuis, Lucille^1,2 (AUTHOR) l.chapuis@exeter.ac.uk, Collin, Shaun P.^1,3 (AUTHOR), Yopak, Kara E.⁴ (AUTHOR), McCauley, Robert D.⁵ (AUTHOR), Kempster, Ryan M.¹ (AUTHOR), Ryan, Laura A.⁶ (AUTHOR), Schmidt, Carl¹ (AUTHOR), Kerr, Caroline C.¹ (AUTHOR), Gennari, Enrico^7,8,9 (AUTHOR), Egeberg, Channing A.¹ (AUTHOR), Hart, Nathan S.⁶ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Scientific Reports. 5/6/2019, Vol. 9 Issue 1, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.

مستخلص: The effect of sound on the behaviour of sharks has not been investigated since the 1970s. Sound is, however, an important sensory stimulus underwater, as it can spread in all directions quickly and propagate further than any other sensory cue. We used a baited underwater camera rig to record the behavioural responses of eight species of sharks (seven reef and coastal shark species and the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias) to the playback of two distinct sound stimuli in the wild: an orca call sequence and an artificially generated sound. When sounds were playing, reef and coastal sharks were less numerous in the area, were responsible for fewer interactions with the baited test rigs, and displayed less 'inquisitive' behaviour, compared to during silent control trials. White sharks spent less time around the baited camera rig when the artificial sound was presented, but showed no significant difference in behaviour in response to orca calls. The use of the presented acoustic stimuli alone is not an effective deterrent for C. carcharias. The behavioural response of reef sharks to sound raises concern about the effects of anthropogenic noise on these taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Crawford Parks, Tara E., Marcellus, Kristen A., Langill, Jonathan, Ravel-Chapuis, Aymeric, Michaud, Jean, Cowan, Kyle N., Côté, Jocelyn, Jasmin, Bernard J.

المصدر: Scientific Reports; 2/17/2017, p42342, 1p

مستخلص: Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and young adults. Rhabdomyosarcomas are skeletal muscle-like tumours that typically arise in muscle beds, and express key myogenic regulatory factors. However, their developmental program remains blocked in the proliferative phase with cells unable to exit the cell cycle to fuse into myotubes. Recently, we uncovered a key role for the RNA-binding protein Staufen1 during myogenic differentiation through the regulation of c-myc translation. Given the known implication of c-myc in rhabdomyosarcoma, we hypothesized in the current work that Staufen1 controls rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis. Here, we report for the first time the novel role of Staufen1 in cancer, specifically in rhabdomyosarcoma. We demonstrate that Staufen1 is markedly upregulated in human rhabdomyosarcoma tumours and cell lines as compared to normal skeletal muscle. Moreover, we show that Staufen1 promotes the tumorigenesis of embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes both in cell culture and in animal models. Finally, our data demonstrate that Staufen1 has differential roles in embryonal versus alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma through the control of proliferative and apoptotic pathways, respectively. Together, these results provide the first evidence for Staufen1's direct implication in cancer biology. Accordingly, Staufen1 thus represents a novel target for the development of future therapeutic strategies for rhabdomyosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Demeautis, Claire, Sipieter, François, Roul, Julien, Chapuis, Catherine, Padilla-Parra, Sergi, Riquet, Franck B., Tramier, Marc

المصدر: Scientific Reports; 1/20/2017, p41026, 1p

مستخلص: Monitoring of different signalling enzymes in a single assay using multiplex biosensing provides a multidimensional workspace to elucidate biological processes, signalling pathway crosstalk, and determine precise sequence of events at the single living cell level. In this study, we interrogate the complexity in cAMP/PKA-MAPK/ERK1&2 crosstalk by using multi-parameter biosensing experiments to correlate biochemical activities simultaneously in time and space. Using a single excitation wavelength dual colour FLIM method we are able to detect fluorescence lifetime images of two donors to simultaneously measure PKA and ERK1&2 kinase activities in the same cellular localization by using FRET biosensors. To this end, we excite two FRET donors mTFP1 and LSSmOrange with a 440 nm wavelength and we alleviate spectral bleed-through associated limitations with the very dim-fluorescent acceptor ShadowG for mTFP1 and the red-shifted mKate2 for LSSmOrange. The simultaneous recording of PKA and ERK1&2 kinase activities reveals concomitant EGF-mediated activations of both kinases in HeLa cells. Under these conditions the subsequent Forskolin-induced cAMP release reverses the transient increase of EGF-mediated ERK1&2 kinase activity while reinforcing PKA activation. Here we propose a validated methodology for multiparametric kinase biosensing in living cells using FRET-FLIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Ohayon, Delphine, De Chiara, Alessia, Chapuis, Nicolas, Candalh, Céline, Mocek, Julie, Ribeil, Jean-Antoine, Haddaoui, Lamya, Ifrah, Norbert, Hermine, Olivier, Bouillaud, Frédéric, Frachet, Philippe, Bouscary, Didier, Witko-Sarsat, Véronique

المصدر: Scientific Reports; 10/21/2016, p35561, 1p