المؤلفون: Mediratta, Srishti, Ghosh, Santu, Mathur, Pulkit

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition; Dec2023, Vol. 26 Issue 12, p2849-2858, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PROCESSED foods, FOOD of animal origin, FOOD consumption, MICRONUTRIENTS, NUTRITIONAL assessment, NUTRITIONAL status, MANN Whitney U Test, SNOWBALL sampling

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA

مستخلص: Objective: This study assessed diet diversity and consumption of ultra-processed foods and explored its impact on macronutrient intake and risk of micronutrient inadequacy. Design: Cross-sectional, non-probability snowball sampling. Setting: Nutrient intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall method and diet diversity through FAO-diet diversity score (DDS). Mann–Whitney U test was used to assess differences in risk of inadequacy across gender. Spearman's rank correlation assessed associations between energy contributed by ultra-processed food and risk of nutrient inadequacy. Participants: A total of 589 adults (20–40 years) belonging to upper-middle and high-income groups. Results: The average individual DDS was 4·4 ± 0·6. Most of the participants (>80 %) had intakes less than national recommendations of pulses/eggs/flesh foods, milk/milk products, fruits, vegetables and nuts. Ultra-processed foods contributed to 17 % of total energy intake, 12 % of protein, 17 % of carbohydrate, 29 % of added sugar, 20 % of total fat and 33 % of Na intake. The average risk of nutrient inadequacies for Zn (98 % v. 75 %), folate (67 % v. 22 %) and niacin (83 % v. 44 %) was higher among males than females (P < 0·001). The average risk of nutrient inadequacies for Fe (58 % v. 7 %), vitamin B6 (95 % v. 90 %) and vitamin A (68 % v. 44 %) was higher among females than males (P < 0·001). There was a positive correlation between energy contributed by ultra-processed food and risk of niacin (ρ = 0·136, P = 0·001) and folate (ρ = 0·089, P = 0·049) inadequacy. Conclusion: Reformulating ultra-processed food to reduce fat, sugar and salt and increase micronutrients and behaviour change communication strategies that promote dietary diversity will improve micronutrient adequacy and diet quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Augustine, Little Flower¹, Vazir, Shahnaz², Rao, Sylvia Fernandez², Rao, M Vishnuvardhana³, Laxmaiah, A⁴, Ravinder, P¹, Rao, V Vikas¹, Nair, K Madhavan¹

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition. Jul2012, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p1182-1189. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PSYCHOMETRICS, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *TEENAGE boys, *CROSS-sectional method

مصطلحات جغرافية: HYDERABAD (India), INDIA

مستخلص: ObjectiveTo develop a psychometrically valid questionnaire for testing knowledge on micronutrients and to assess the relationship between knowledge and biomarkers of micronutrient status among adolescents.DesignCross-sectional, institution-based, validity and reliability study.SettingSeven higher secondary schools were covered in the limits of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, Hyderabad, India.SubjectsStudents aged 15–19 years, n 92 for the pre-test, n 108 for test–retest and n 109 for studying the relationship between knowledge and biomarkers of Fe, retinol, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, folic acid and vitamin B12 status.ResultsFrom an item pool of 106, thirty-one items were selected based on content validity. Statistical tools to obtain a valid and reliable questionnaire among adolescent boys and girls resulted in eighteen items with a difficulty index of 0·11–0·86, discrimination index of 0·20–0·72 and validity index (point bi-serial correlation) of 0·10–0·62. Reliability as measured by Cronbach's α was 0·71 and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0·80. A Bland–Altman plot showed good agreement between test and retest scores. The mean response score to the eighteen-item questionnaire was 5·2 (sd 2·68). The mean values of serum retinol were significantly different (P = 0·022) between groups below (24·8 (sd 6·64) μg/dl) and above (28·0 (sd 7·67) μg/dl) the 50th percentile of knowledge score. The relationship persisted after controlling for economic status as a covariate using analysis of covariance (P = 0·018). Other micronutrients did not show any significant relationship.ConclusionsA valid and reliable eighteen-item knowledge questionnaire was constructed and found to have a significant positive relationship with plasma retinol status alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Joy, Edward JM, Green, Rosemary, Agrawal, Sutapa, Aleksandrowicz, Lukasz, Bowen, Liza, Kinra, Sanjay, Macdiarmid, Jennie I, Haines, Andy, Dangour, Alan D

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition; Aug2017, Vol. 20 Issue 11, p1963-1972, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: FOOD habits, NUTRITION, FOOD consumption, RURAL health, MICRONUTRIENTS

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA

مستخلص: Objective: Undernutrition and non-communicable disease (NCD) are important public health issues in India, yet their relationship with dietary patterns is poorly understood. The current study identified distinct dietary patterns and their association with micronutrient undernutrition (Ca, Fe, Zn) and NCD risk factors (underweight, obesity, waist:hip ratio, hypertension, total:HDL cholesterol, diabetes).Design: Data were from the cross-sectional Indian Migration Study, including semi-quantitative FFQ. Distinct dietary patterns were identified using finite mixture modelling; associations with NCD risk factors were assessed using mixed-effects logistic regression models.Setting: India.Subjects: Migrant factory workers, their rural-dwelling siblings and urban non-migrants. Participants (7067 adults) resided mainly in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.Results: Five distinct, regionally distributed, dietary patterns were identified, with rice-based patterns in the south and wheat-based patterns in the north-west. A rice-based pattern characterised by low energy consumption and dietary diversity ('Rice & low diversity') was consumed predominantly by adults with little formal education in rural settings, while a rice-based pattern with high fruit consumption ('Rice & fruit') was consumed by more educated adults in urban settings. Dietary patterns met WHO macronutrient recommendations, but some had low micronutrient contents. Dietary pattern membership was associated with several NCD risk factors.Conclusions: Five distinct dietary patterns were identified, supporting sub-national assessments of the implications of dietary patterns for various health, food system or environment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Ghosh-Jerath, Suparna, Singh, Archna, Magsumbol, Melina S., Lyngdoh, Tanica, Kamboj, Preeti, Goldberg, Gail

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition; Aug2016, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2256-2267, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INGESTION, NUTRITIONAL status, SOCIOECONOMICS, FOOD consumption, ANTHROPOMETRY, INDIAN women (Asians), COMMUNITIES, DIET, LEANNESS, NUTRITIONAL assessment, NUTRITIONAL requirements, RESEARCH, MICRONUTRIENTS, VITAMINS, CROSS-sectional method, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, NUTRIENT density

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA

مستخلص: Objective: The indigenous food environment, dietary intake and nutritional status of women in the Santhal tribal community of Jharkhand were assessed. Contribution of indigenous foods to nutritional status and nutrient intakes was explored. Design: Exploratory cross-sectional study with a longitudinal dietary intake assessment component. Household and dietary surveys were conducted to elicit information on socio-economic and demographic profile and food consumption patterns at household level. A 24 h dietary recall for two consecutive days (repeat surveys in two more seasons) and anthropometric assessments were carried out on one woman per household. Setting: Households (n 151) with at least one woman of reproductive age in four villages of Godda district of Jharkhand, India. Subjects: Women aged 15-49 years. Results: Almost all households owned agricultural land and grew fruits and vegetables in backyards for household consumption. A wide variety of indigenous foods were reported but dietary recalls revealed low intake. Women consumed adequate energy and protein but micronutrient intake was inadequate (less than 66% of recommended) in the majority (more than 50%) for Ca, Fe, vitamin B2, folate and vitamin B12. Women consuming indigenous foods in the past 2 d had significantly higher intakes of Ca (P=0·008) and Fe (P=0·010) than those who did not. Varying degrees of underweight were observed in 50% of women with no significant association between underweight and consumption of indigenous foods. Conclusions: Promotion of preferential cultivation of nutrient-dense indigenous food sources and effective nutrition education on their importance may facilitate better micronutrient intakes among women in Santhal community of Jharkhand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Nair, Krishnapillai Madhavan, Fernandez-Rao, Sylvia, Nagalla, Balakrishna, Kankipati, Radhakrishna Vijaya, Punjal, Ravinder, Augustine, Little Flower, Hurley, Kristen M, Tilton, Nicholas, Harding, Kimberly B, Reinhart, Greg, Black, Maureen M

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition; Apr2016, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p861-871, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ANEMIA prevention, INFANT nutrition, DIETARY supplements, TRANSFERRIN receptors, RURAL geography, ANEMIA diagnosis, IRON deficiency anemia diagnosis, ANEMIA, BODY weight, C-reactive protein, CELL receptors, COMPARATIVE studies, DISEASES, FAMILIES, FERRITIN, FOLIC acid, FOOD supply, IRON, IRON deficiency anemia, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, MULTIVARIATE analysis, NUTRITIONAL assessment, QUESTIONNAIRES, RESEARCH, RESEARCH funding, RURAL population, MICRONUTRIENTS, VITAMIN B12, LOGISTIC regression analysis, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, EVALUATION research, BODY mass index, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, DISEASE prevalence, BLOOD

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA

مستخلص: ObjectiveIn India, national databases indicate anaemia prevalence of 80 % among 6–35-month-old children and 58 % among 36–59-month-old children. The present study aimed to characterise anaemia and the associated factors among infants and pre-schoolers living in rural India.DesignMultivariate logistic regression analysis of data collected prior to an intervention trial. Fe-deficiency with anaemia (IDA), Fe deficiency with no anaemia (IDNA) and anaemia without Fe deficiency were defined. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR/log ferritin index were used to indicate Fe status.SettingTwenty-six villages of Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. Data were collected in community sites.ParticipantsFour hundred and seventy-six infants (aged 6–12 months), 316 pre-schoolers (aged 29–56 months) and their mothers.ResultsPrevalence of anaemia among infants and pre-schoolers was 66·4 and 47·8 %, prevalence of IDA was 52·2 and 42·1 %, prevalence of IDNA was 22·2 and 29·8 %, prevalence of anaemia without Fe deficiency was 14·2 and 5·7 %. Among infants, anaemia was positively associated with maternal anaemia (OR=3·31; 95 % CI 2·10, 5·23; P<0·001), and sTfR/log ferritin index (OR=2·21; 95 % CI 1·39, 3·54; P=0·001). Among pre-schoolers, anaemia was positively associated with maternal anaemia (OR=3·77; 95 % CI 1·94, 7·30; P<0·001), sTfR/log ferritin index (OR=5·29; 95 % CI 2·67, 10·50; P<0·001), high C-reactive protein (OR=4·39; 95 % CI 1·91, 10·06, P<0·001) and young age (29–35 months: OR=1·92; 05 % CI 1·18, 3·13, P=0·009).ConclusionsAnaemia prevalence continues to be high among infants and pre-schoolers in rural India. Based on sTfR/ferritin index, Fe deficiency is a major factor associated with anaemia. Anaemia is also associated with inflammation among pre-schoolers and with maternal anaemia among infants and pre-schoolers, illustrating the importance of understanding the aetiology of anaemia in designing effective control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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المؤلفون: Rao, Shobha, Joshi, Smita, Bhide, Pradnya, Puranik, Bhairavi, Kanade, Asawari

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition; 2/1/2010, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p365-372, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SOCIAL conditions of rural women, WOMEN'S nutrition, ANEMIA in pregnancy, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, CROSS-sectional method, LOGISTIC regression analysis, MICRONUTRIENTS

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA

مستخلص: ObjectiveTo examine various sociodemographic aspects related to consumption of micronutrient-rich foods like green leafy vegetables (GLV), which will be helpful in modifying dietary habits, a strategy that merits consideration for prevention of anaemia.DesignCross-sectional study for collecting data on socio-economic and anthropometric (weight, height) variables, Hb, dietary pattern (FFQ) and peripheral smear examination for classifying nutritional and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA).SettingThree villages near Pune city, Maharashtra, India.SubjectsRural women (n 418) of childbearing age (15–35 years).ResultsMean Hb was 11·07 g/dl. Seventy-seven per cent of the women were anaemic (Hb < 12 g/dl) and 28 % had IDA, indicating that a large proportion of the women had nutritional anaemia. Higher prevalence of IDA was associated with several sociodemographic and maternal parameters, but multiple logistic regression analysis showed significant (P < 0·05) risk of IDA with lower body weight (<40 kg), short maternal height (<145 cm), younger age at marriage (<19 years) and higher parity (≥2). Various socio-cultural reasons associated with low consumption of GLV included non-cultivation of GLV, priority for selling them rather than home consumption, dislike of GLV by husband and children, and lack of awareness about different recipes for GLV.ConclusionsOur findings highlight that low consumption of GLV, which are treasures of micronutrients including Fe, is associated with genuine social reasons. This indicates a need for developing action programmes to improve nutritional knowledge and awareness leading to enhanced consumption of Fe-rich foods for preventing anaemia in rural India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Public Health Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)