المؤلفون: Bourguignon, Thomas, Šobotník, Jan, Sillam-Dussès, David, Jiroš, Pavel, Hanus, Robert, Roisin, Yves, Miura, Toru

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 9 (2012)
PLoS ONE

مصطلحات موضوعية: Multidisciplinary, Science, Correction, Medicine

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::6edf08c5c2d27aaf873c1f1e1c64171aTest
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470606/?tool=EBITest

المؤلفون: Bourguignon, Thomas, Drouet, Thomas, Šobotník, Jan, Hanus, Robert, Roisin, Yves

المصدر: PLoS ONE; 8/13/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 8, p1-11, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TERMITES, FORAGING behavior, SOIL composition, SPECIES distribution, RESOURCE partitioning (Ecology), INGESTION

مستخلص: In tropical rainforests, termites constitute an important part of the soil fauna biomass, and as for other soil arthropods, variations in soil composition create opportunities for niche partitioning. The aim of this study was twofold: first, we tested whether soil-feeding termite species differ in the foraging substrate; second, we investigated whether soil-feeding termites select their foraging sites to enhance nutrients intake. To do so, we collected termites and analysed the composition and structure of their feeding substrates. Although Anoplotermes-group members are all considered soil-feeders, our results show that some species specifically feed on abandoned termite nests and very rotten wood, and that this substrate selection is correlated with previous stable isotope analyses, suggesting that one component of niche differentiation among species is substrate selection. Our results show that the composition and structure of bare soils on which different termite species foraged do not differ, suggesting that there is no species specialization for a particular type of bare soil. Finally, the bare soil on which termites forage does not differ from random soil samples. Overall, our results suggest that few species of the Anoplotermes-group are specialized toward substrates rich in organic matter, but that the vast majority forage on soil independently of its structural and chemical composition, being ecologically equivalent for this factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Míková, Radka, Vrkoslav, Vladimír, Hanus, Robert, Háková, Eva, Hábová, Zuzana, Doležal, Antonín, Plavka, Richard, Coufal, Pavel, Cvačka, Josef

المصدر: PLoS ONE; Jun2014, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p1-8, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: VERNIX caseosa, NEWBORN infants, LIPIDS, GESTATIONAL age, BIRTH weight, HYDROCARBONS, TRIGLYCERIDES

مستخلص: Vernix caseosa protects the skin of a human fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy and of a newborn after the delivery. Besides its cellular and proteinaceous components, an important constituent and functional agent is a complex lipid fraction, implicated in a multitude of salubrious effects of vernix caseosa. Little is known about how the chemical composition of vernix caseosa lipids is affected by various biological characteristics of the baby, such as the gestational age, birth weight, and, last but not least, the gender of the newborn. This study reports on the chemical variability of lipids contained in the vernix caseosa of twenty newborn girls and boys and shows that the quantitative patterns of the lipids are sex-specific. The specificity of lipids was investigated at the level of fatty acids in the total lipid extracts and intact lipids of several neutral lipid classes. Hydrocarbons, wax esters, cholesteryl esters, diol diesters and triacylglycerols were isolated using optimized semipreparative thin-layer chromatography, and the molecular species within each class were characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Statistical evaluation revealed significant quantitative sex-related differences in the lipid composition of vernix caseosa among the newborns, pronounced in the two lipid classes associated with the activity of sebaceous glands. Higher proportions of wax esters and triacylglycerols with longer hydrocarbon chains were observed in newborn girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Bourguignon, Thomas, Šobotník, Jan, Sillam-Dussès, David, Jiroš, Pavel, Hanus, Robert, Roisin, Yves, Miura, Toru, Dearden, Peter K.

المصدر: PLoS ONE; Sep2012, Vol. 7 Issue 9, Special section p1-9, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TERMITES, RHINOTERMITIDAE, ONTOGENY, TASK performance, FAT, POLYMORPHISM (Zoology)

مستخلص: Background: Ergonomic efficiency is in termites maximized by task partitioning among specialized castes. The isopteran caste systems can be classified as either (i) linear, when tasks are performed by pluripotent immatures (pseudergates), retaining the ability to develop into winged imagoes or (ii) bifurcated, with the presence of a true worker caste, which diverges early and permanently from the sexual (nymph/alate) line. Principal Findings: Here, we report on the ontogenetic potentialities of the highly polymorphic sand termite Psammotermes hybostoma. Beside numerous pluripotent pseudergates, constituting the main work force, some larger non-feeding apterous immatures, also occur. These individuals are unable to proceed to the winged imago stage, but store large amounts of fat and also give rise to large soldiers. Soldiers therefore originate from a wide range of apterous instars, consequently being highly polymorphic. Conclusions: The caste system of P. hybostoma is essentially linear, as in other basal Rhinotermitidae, but is distinguished by the late bifurcation leading to large apterous immatures. Because these large worker-like individuals deviate late and do not perform worker tasks, they cannot be considered homologous to the true workers of Termitidae and advanced Rhinotermitidae, but they provide a novel example of the evolution of sterile immatures in termites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: &3x0160;obotník, Jan, Bourguignon, Thomas, Hanus, Robert, Sillam-Duss&3x00E8;s, David, Jitka Pflegerová, Weyda, František, Kateřina Kutalová, Vytisková, Blahoslava, Roisin, Yves

المصدر: PLoS ONE; 2010, Vol. 5 Issue 12, p1-7, 7p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SERRITERMITIDAE, RHINOTERMITIDAE, MILITARY personnel, GLANDS, HOMOLOGY (Biology), TERMITES, INSECT societies, BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY

مستخلص: Background: The frontal gland is a unique adaptation of advanced termite families. It has been intensively studied in soldiers with respect to its anatomy and chemistry, with numerous novel compounds being discovered within the tremendous richness of identified products. At the same time, the presence of the frontal gland in non-soldier castes received only negligible attention in the past. Principal Findings: Here, we report on the development of the frontal gland in alate imagoes of 10 genera and 13 species of Rhinotermitidae and Serritermitidae, in order to shed light on the evolution and function of this gland in imagoes. All investigated species possess a frontal gland. In most cases, it is well-developed and equipped with a sac-like reservoir, located in the postero-dorsal part of cranium, but reaching as far as the seventh abdominal segment in some Rhinotermitinae. The only exception is the genus Psammotermes, in which the gland is very small and devoid of the reservoir. Conclusions: Our direct observations and comparisons with soldiers suggest a defensive role of the gland in imagoes of all studied species. This functional analogy, along with the anatomic homology between the frontal gland in soldiers and imagoes, make it likely that the gland appeared once during the early evolution of rhinotermitid ancestors, and remained as a defensive organ of prime importance in both, soldiers and imagoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Bourguignon, Thomas, Drouet, Thomas, Šobotník, Jan, Hanus, Robert, Roisin, Yves

المصدر: PLoS ONE; 11/23/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 11, p1-1, 1p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PUBLISHED errata, BIOLOGICAL periodicals, PERIODICAL publishing, PERIODICAL articles, PUBLISHING, PUBLISHED articles, PUBLICATIONS