المؤلفون: Lynnmarie Sardinha, Hector E. Najera Catalan

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 10, p e0206101 (2018)
PLoS ONE

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Domestic Violence, Epidemiology, Economics, Economics of Training and Education, Psychological intervention, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Criminology, Academic Skills, Public opinion, Literacy, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, 5. Gender equality, Sociology, Prevalence, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, Empowerment, lcsh:Science, Asia, Southeastern, media_common, Human Capital, Multidisciplinary, Traumatic Injury Risk Factors, Statistics, 1. No poverty, Middle Aged, 16. Peace & justice, 3. Good health, Europe, Scale (social sciences), Physical Sciences, Women's Rights, Regression Analysis, Female, Crime, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Linear Regression Analysis, Victimisation, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Political science, medicine, Humans, Statistical Methods, Violent Crime, Africa South of the Sahara, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:R, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Health Surveys, Socioeconomic Factors, Public Opinion, Medical Risk Factors, Spouse Abuse, People and Places, Africa, Linear Models, Domestic violence, Cognitive Science, Demographic economics, lcsh:Q, business, Mathematics, Neuroscience

الوصف: Background Violence against women by an intimate partner (DV) is a serious public health and human rights issue. Attitudes justifying DV strongly predict its perpetration and victimisation. This paper presents gendered ecological analyses of the societal acceptance of DV in 49 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across geographical regions. Methods and findings We utilised data from 49 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2005 and 2017, United Nations Statistics and topic-specific meta-databases. DV acceptance was measured as the justification of 'wife-beating' in at least one of five circumstances, and by the summative scale. Stepwise multiple linear regression examined country-level social, economic and political empowerment predictors of societal acceptance of DV amongst women, men, and the aggregate gender difference. Women were more likely than men to justify DV in Sub-Saharan Africa and South (east) Asia with societal acceptance of DV being more widespread in these regions compared with Latin America, the Caribbean, Central/West Asia and Europe. Political conflict and limited economic rights for women were associated with higher levels of DV acceptance amongst women and men. Men in more democratic countries were less likely to justify DV. Amongst women, higher national female literacy rates predicted lower levels of justification. There were higher levels of DV acceptance amongst women and a wider aggregate gender difference in countries with a larger representation of women in national parliament. Conclusion Justification of DV is widespread amongst women and men in LMICs with acceptance rates varying across countries and regions. Gender differences in the impact of contextual factors on DV acceptance supports a gendered approach to national-level interventions. Our findings highlight the need for tailored interventions targeting DV acceptance in conflict-impacted societies. The emphasis of inter(national) policies on the 'empowerment' domains of widely-used gender (in)equality indices need to be coupled with strategies tackling discriminatory gender norms.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::20e4f0b6ba267027554f95a5c49f00c3Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6209205?pdf=renderTest

المؤلفون: Leah S. Steele, Charmaine C. Williams, Margaret Gibson, Andrea Daley, Lori E. Ross

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 8, p e0201437 (2018)
PLoS ONE

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Gerontology, Bisexuals, Economics, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Health Services Accessibility, Sexual and Gender Minorities, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sociology, 10. No inequality, lcsh:Science, Ontario, Multidisciplinary, Depression, Mental Disorders, Public sector, 1. No poverty, Middle Aged, Transgender People, Socioeconomic Aspects of Health, 3. Good health, Queer, Female, Health Services Research, Lesbian, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, Mental Health Services, Employment, Context (language use), Narrative inquiry, 03 medical and health sciences, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Humans, Heterosexuals, Poverty, Service (business), 030505 public health, Mood Disorders, business.industry, lcsh:R, Mental health, Health Care, Gender Groupings, Labor Economics, People and Places, Population Groupings, lcsh:Q, business, Sexuality Groupings

الوصف: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and/or queer (LGBTQ) people face barriers to accessing mental health care; however, we know little about service experiences of low income LGBTQ people. In this qualitatively-driven mixed methods study, over 700 women and/or trans people completed an internet survey, of whom 12 LGBTQ individuals living in poverty participated in interviews. Low income LGBTQ respondents saw more mental health professionals and had more unmet need for care than all other LGBTQ/income groups. Narrative analysis illustrated the work required to take care of oneself in the context of extreme financial constraints. These findings highlight the mechanisms through which inadequate public sector mental health services can serve to reproduce and sustain both poverty and health inequities.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2d680ad81da730b11425ecd7d4d7d94eTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6093609?pdf=renderTest

المؤلفون: James Scott, William Bor, Rosa Alati, Jake M. Najman, Gail M. Williams, Alexandra Clavarino, Abdullah Al Mamun, Zohre Ahmadabadi

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 1, p e0190504 (2018)
PLoS ONE

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Economics, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Pediatrics, Families, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Economics of Poverty, Public and Occupational Health, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Human Families, Child, Prospective cohort study, lcsh:Science, Children, media_common, Human Capital, Multidisciplinary, Mortality rate, Child Health, 1. No poverty, Marital breakdown, Socioeconomic Aspects of Health, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, Intergenerational Relations, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Research Article, Adult, media_common.quotation_subject, Mothers, Life chances, Family income, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Poverty, Behavior, 030505 public health, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, Mental health, Health Care, Age Groups, People and Places, Unemployment, Population Groupings, lcsh:Q, Demography

الوصف: Background Children exposed to family poverty have been found to have higher morbidity and mortality rates, poorer mental health and cognitive outcomes and reduced life chances across a wide range of life domains. There is, however, very little known about the extent to which poverty is experienced by children over their early life course, particularly in community samples. This study tracks changes in family poverty and the main factors that predict family poverty (adverse life experiences) over a 30-year period since the birth of the study child. Methods Data are from a prospective, longitudinal, birth cohort study conducted in Brisbane, Australia. Consecutive families were recruited at the mothers’ first obstetrical visit at one of two major obstetrical hospitals in Brisbane. Data are available for 2087 families with complete data at the 30-year follow-up. Poverty was measured using family income at each time point (adjusted for inflation). Findings Poverty affects about 20% of families at any time point. It is common for families to move in and out of poverty, as their circumstances are affected by such adversities as unemployment and marital breakdown. Over the period of the study about half the families in the study experienced poverty on at least one occasion. Only a very small minority of families experienced persistent poverty over the 30-year duration of the study. Logistic regressions with time lag show that family poverty predicts subsequent adversities and adverse events predict subsequent poverty. Conclusions Experiences of poverty and adversity are common and may vary greatly over the child’s early life course. In assessing the health consequences of poverty, it is important to distinguish the timing and chronicity of early life course experiences of poverty and adversity.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::6e090a34931c4a38dd762f735ee4843fTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5779648?pdf=renderTest

المؤلفون: Nathan J. Doogan, Tyler Nighbor, Diann E. Gaalema, Stephen T. Higgins, Jeff S. Priest, Maria A. Parker, Allison N. Kurti, Megan E. Roberts, Harley K. Johnson, Alexa A. Lopez, Antonio Cepeda-Benito, Diana R. Keith, Ryan Redner, Amanda J. Quisenberry, Cassandra A. Stanton

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 11, p e0207818 (2018)
PLoS ONE

مصطلحات موضوعية: Rural Population, Urban Population, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, Maternal Health, medicine.medical_treatment, Social Sciences, Nicotine, Habits, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Medicine and Health Sciences, Smoking Habits, Psychology, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Schools, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Reproduction, Smoking, Tobacco control, 1. No poverty, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tobacco Use Disorder, Socioeconomic Aspects of Health, Health equity, 3. Good health, Medicine, Female, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, medicine.drug, Adult, Tobacco Control, Adolescent, Science, Human Geography, Education, Urban Geography, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Behavior, 030505 public health, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, United States, Health Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Medical Risk Factors, Earth Sciences, Women's Health, Smoking cessation, Residence, business, Demography

الوصف: U.S. smoking prevalence is declining at a slower rate in rural than urban settings and contributing to regional health disparities. Cigarette smoking among women of reproductive age is particularly concerning due to the potential for serious maternal and infant adverse health effects should a smoker become pregnant. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this rural-urban disparity impacts women of reproductive age (ages 15–44) including pregnant women. Data came from the ten most recent years of the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2007–2016). We estimated prevalence of current smoking and nicotine dependence among women categorized by rural-urban residence, pregnancy status, and trends using chi-square testing and multivariable modeling while adjusting for common risk factors for smoking. Despite overall decreasing trends in smoking prevalence, prevalence was higher among rural than urban women of reproductive age overall (χ2(1) = 579.33, p < .0001) and among non-pregnant (χ2(1) = 578.0, p < .0001) and pregnant (χ2(1) = 79.69, p < .0001) women examined separately. An interaction between residence and pregnancy status showed adjusted odds of smoking among urban pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (AOR = .58, [.53 –.63]) were lower than those among rural pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (AOR = 0.75, [.62 –.92]), consistent with greater pregnancy-related smoking cessation among urban pregnant women. Prevalence of nicotine dependence was also higher in rural than urban smokers overall (χ2(2) = 790.42, p < .0001) and among non-pregnant (χ2(2) = 790.58, p < .0001) and pregnant women examined separately (χ2(2) = 63.69, p < .0001), with no significant changes over time. Associations involving residence and pregnancy status remained significant in models adjusting for covariates (ps < 0.05). Results document greater prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence and suggest less pregnancy-related quitting among rural compared to urban women, disparities that have potential for direct, multi-generational adverse health impacts.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9eb136e5b2052fa44ec368d2dec71093Test
https://doaj.org/article/61542e87167247cdb12cc28b924f7683Test

المؤلفون: Christopher R. Parish, J. Dennis Wilson, Helen E. Thomas, Fui Jiun Choong, Barbara Ludwig, Andrew F. Ziolkowski, Charmaine J. Simeonovic, Sarah K. Popp, Stefan R. Bornstein, Thomas W.H. Kay, Lora Starrs, Craig Freeman, Thomas Loudovaris, Debra J. Brown, Alberto Pugliese

المساهمون: University of Zurich, Simeonovic, Charmaine J

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 2, p e0191360 (2018)
PLoS ONE

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, 10265 Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, White Blood Cells, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Insulin, Child, lcsh:Science, Cells, Cultured, Staining, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemistry, Cell Staining, Drugs, Heparan sulfate, Flow Cytometry, Islet, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spectrophotometry, Child, Preschool, Disease Progression, Female, Cytophotometry, Anatomy, Cellular Types, medicine.symptom, Beta cell, Biliary Disorders, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Adolescent, Endocrine Disorders, Immune Cells, Immunology, Endocrine System, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Inflammation, 610 Medicine & health, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research and Analysis Methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, Islets of Langerhans, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Exocrine Glands, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Heparanase, Pancreas, Pharmacology, Diabetic Endocrinology, geography, 1000 Multidisciplinary, Blood Cells, Heparin, Pancreatic islets, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Hormones, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, 030104 developmental biology, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, Metabolic Disorders, Case-Control Studies, lcsh:Q, Heparitin Sulfate, Insulitis, Biomarkers

الوصف: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which insulin-producing beta cells in pancreatic islets are progressively destroyed. Clinical trials of immunotherapies in recently diagnosed T1D patients have only transiently and partially impacted the disease course, suggesting that other approaches are required. Our previous studies have demonstrated that heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan conventionally expressed in extracellular matrix, is present at high levels inside normal mouse beta cells. Intracellular HS was shown to be critical for beta cell survival and protection from oxidative damage. T1D development in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice correlated with loss of islet HS and was prevented by inhibiting HS degradation by the endoglycosidase, heparanase. In this study we investigated the distribution of HS and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) core proteins in normal human islets, a role for HS in human beta cell viability and the clinical relevance of intra-islet HS and HSPG levels, compared to insulin, in human T1D. In normal human islets, HS (identified by 10E4 mAb) co-localized with insulin but not glucagon and correlated with the HSPG core proteins for collagen type XVIII (Col18) and syndecan-1 (Sdc1). Insulin-positive islets of T1D pancreases showed significant loss of HS, Col18 and Sdc1 and heparanase was strongly expressed by islet-infiltrating leukocytes. Human beta cells cultured with HS mimetics showed significantly improved survival and protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced death, suggesting that loss of HS could contribute to beta cell death in T1D. We conclude that HS depletion in beta cells, possibly due to heparanase produced by insulitis leukocytes, may function as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of human T1D. Our findings raise the possibility that intervention therapy with dual activity HS replacers/heparanase inhibitors could help to protect the residual beta cell mass in patients recently diagnosed with T1D.

وصف الملف: pone.0191360.pdf - application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b710034fc5ae324ee64bd93770d4b09fTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5802856?pdf=renderTest

المؤلفون: Yoshiko Onda, Aya Morimoto, Rimei Nishimura, Kazunori Utsunomiya, Naoko Tajima, Hironari Sano

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e0150720 (2016)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Pediatrics, Medical Doctors, Health Care Providers, lcsh:Medicine, Adult care, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Japan, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, Longitudinal Studies, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Child Health, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Prognosis, 3. Good health, Professions, Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric care, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Prognostic factor, Transition to Adult Care, Asia, Adolescent, Endocrine Disorders, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Child health, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Diabetes mellitus, Physicians, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Adults, Humans, Survival analysis, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Health Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Age Groups, Metabolic Disorders, People and Places, lcsh:Q, Population Groupings, business

الوصف: Objective To follow up Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes for a maximum of 40 years to examine when they transitioned from pediatric care to adult care and to explore whether the attending physician, i.e., pediatrician or internist, was associated with prognosis. Methods Participants consisted of 1,299 patients who had been diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes at less than 15 years old between 1965 and 1979 identified through two nationwide surveys. Patients were classified as having received either pediatric care or adult care at the age of 15 and 30, and were compared for differences in mortality associated with the attending physician. Results The attending physicians were confirmed for a total of 1,093 patients at the age of 15. Of these patients, 43.8% and 40.3% received pediatric care and adult care, respectively. Of the 569 patients receiving pediatric care, 74.2%, 56.6%, 53.4%, and 51.3% continued with pediatric care at 20, 30, 40, and 50 years old, respectively. The attending physicians (pediatrician or internist) at the age of 15 and 30 had no significant impact on their survival (P = 0. 892, 0.411, respectively). Conclusions More than half of the patients who had received pediatric care at the age of 15 continued to receive pediatric care even after the age of 30, suggesting that their transition was far from smooth, while the attending physician at the age of both 15 and 30 was not a prognostic factor for mortality. Thus, the timing for transition to adult care in these patients has no relationship with mortality in Japan.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::105b110c5817347ddaf7c8b5729c0175Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4777500Test

المؤلفون: Belgian Diabetes Registry, Pascale Abrams, Bart Keymeulen, Eric V. Balti, Pieter De Pauw, Annelien Van Dalem, Eric Weber, Daniel Pipeleers, Christophe De Block, Frans Gorus, Bruno Lapauw, Simke Demeester, Ilse Weets, Ilse Vermeulen, Pieter Gillard

المساهمون: Nishimura, Wataru, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Diabetes Pathology & Therapy, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Vriendenkring VUB

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLOS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 12, p e0166702 (2016)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, CHILDREN, Biochemistry, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Medicine, Insulin, lcsh:Science, Child, C-Peptide, C-peptide, Fasting, Prognosis, 3. Good health, Nucleic acids, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Child, Preschool, Physical Sciences, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Regression Analysis, SENSITIVITY, Statistics (Mathematics), Proinsulin, medicine.medical_specialty, HbA1c, Endocrine Disorders, Immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes Mellitus, Genetics, Humans, Hemoglobin, Statistical Methods, Autoantibodies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, Science & Technology, lcsh:R, Proteins, DNA structure, Correction, DNA, Glucose Tolerance Test, medicine.disease, PREVENTION, Hormones, ACUTE INSULIN-RESPONSE, 030104 developmental biology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, chemistry, Hyperglycemia, lcsh:Q, Human medicine, Mathematics, RESISTANCE, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Molecular biology, lcsh:Medicine, PROGRESSION, APPEARANCE, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Immune Physiology, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Diabetes diagnosis and management, Medicine and Health Sciences, Glucose tolerance test, Multidisciplinary, Immune System Proteins, medicine.diagnostic_test, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Hormone Bioassays, Female, Engineering sciences. Technology, Research Article, Adult, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Research and Analysis Methods, Antibodies, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Pi, Diabetic Endocrinology, Biology and life sciences, Endocrine Physiology, business.industry, Beta Clamps, CLINICAL ONSET, Diagnostic medicine, DNA clamps, Macromolecular structure analysis, HYPERGLYCEMIC CLAMP, Metabolic Disorders, ANTIBODIES, Insulin Resistance, ISLET AUTOANTIBODIES, business, Biochemical Analysis

الوصف: BACKGROUND: The hyperglycemic clamp test, the gold standard of beta cell function, predicts impending type 1 diabetes in islet autoantibody-positive individuals, but the latter may benefit from less invasive function tests such as the proinsulin:C-peptide ratio (PI:C). The present study aims to optimize precision of PI:C measurements by automating a dual-label trefoil-type time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TT-TRFIA), and to compare its diagnostic performance for predicting type 1 diabetes with that of clamp-derived C-peptide release. METHODS: Between-day imprecision (n = 20) and split-sample analysis (n = 95) were used to compare TT-TRFIA (AutoDelfia, Perkin-Elmer) with separate methods for proinsulin (in-house TRFIA) and C-peptide (Elecsys, Roche). High-risk multiple autoantibody-positive first-degree relatives (n = 49; age 5-39) were tested for fasting PI:C, HOMA2-IR and hyperglycemic clamp and followed for 20-57 months (interquartile range). RESULTS: TT-TRFIA values for proinsulin, C-peptide and PI:C correlated significantly (r2 = 0.96-0.99; P

وصف الملف: pdf; application/pdf; Electronic-eCollection

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a37218cc59cdb8059fe1527bd8c10f2aTest
https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1389740151162165141Test

المؤلفون: Kwabena A. Poku, Melinda C. Aldrich, Scott M. Williams, Rafal S. Sobota, Jason H. Moore, Nancy J. Brown, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Nuri Kodaman

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 10, p e0162753 (2016)
PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE [E], 11(10). Public Library of Science

مصطلحات موضوعية: Blood Glucose, Male, Gerontology, Physiology, Cross-sectional study, lcsh:Medicine, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, Vascular Medicine, Ghana, Body Mass Index, Urban Environments, Geographical Locations, Endocrinology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, lcsh:Science, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Smoking, 1. No poverty, Middle Aged, Terrestrial Environments, Lipids, 3. Good health, Cholesterol, Physiological Parameters, Cardiovascular Diseases, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Hypertension, Female, Research Article, Adult, Adolescent, Endocrine Disorders, Population, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes mellitus, Urbanization, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, Journal Article, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Obesity, education, Triglycerides, Aged, business.industry, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Body Weight, Cholesterol, HDL, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Metabolic Disorders, People and Places, Africa, Residence, lcsh:Q, business, Body mass index, Demography

الوصف: Populations in sub-Saharan Africa are shifting from rural to increasingly urban. Although the burden of cardiovascular disease is expected to increase with this changing landscape, few large studies have assessed a wide range of risk factors in urban and rural populations, particularly in West Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey of 3317 participants from Ghana (≥18 years old), of whom 2265 (57% female) were from a mid-sized city (Sunyani, population ~250,000) and 1052 (55% female) were from surrounding villages (populations

وصف الملف: image/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f8fbe1f99c49d2bcf814cca81cceae42Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5061429?pdf=renderTest

المؤلفون: Daniel J. Moore, Alvin C. Powers, Kelsey Eitel, Melissa A. Hilmes, John Virostko

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 7, p e0158825 (2016)
PLoS ONE

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, Diagnostic Radiology, Endocrinology, 0302 clinical medicine, Abdomen, Medicine and Health Sciences, Diabetes diagnosis and management, Insulin, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, Tomography, 2. Zero hunger, Body surface area, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Radiology and Imaging, Organ Size, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pancreas, Exocrine, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physiological Parameters, Female, Anatomy, Pancreas, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, HbA1c, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Imaging Techniques, Endocrine Disorders, Endocrine System, Neuroimaging, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Research and Analysis Methods, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Exocrine Glands, Diagnostic Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Medical imaging, Humans, Hemoglobin, Diabetic Endocrinology, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Body Weight, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Hormones, Computed Axial Tomography, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Metabolic Disorders, lcsh:Q, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Nuclear medicine, Body mass index, Neuroscience

الوصف: Aims This study harnessed the electronic medical record to assess pancreas volume in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and matched controls to determine whether pancreas volume is altered in T1D and identify covariates that influence pancreas volume. Methods This study included 25 patients with T1D and 25 age-, sex-, and weight-matched controls from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center enterprise data warehouse. Measurements of pancreas volume were made from medical imaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). Results Patients with T1D had a pancreas volume 47% smaller than matched controls (41.16 ml vs. 77.77 ml, P < 0.0001) as well as pancreas volume normalized by subject body weight, body mass index, or body surface area (all P < 0.0001). Pancreatic volume was smaller with a longer duration of T1D across the patient population (N = 25, P = 0.04). Additionally, four individual patients receiving multiple imaging scans displayed progressive declines in pancreas volume over time (~ 6% of volume/year), whereas five controls scanned a year apart did not exhibit a decline in pancreas size (P = 0.03). The pancreas was uniformly smaller on the right and left side of the abdomen. Conclusions Pancreas volume declines with disease duration in patients with T1D, suggesting a protracted pathological process that may include the exocrine pancreas.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::daa3feb1c01aec7f4713f63d13f847d9Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4938534?pdf=renderTest

المؤلفون: Stephen W. Hwang, Karen E. A. Burns, Orla Smith, Said Ashraf, Maninder Kaur, Clarence Chant, Claudia C. DosSantos, Jan O. Friedrich

المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 6, p e0179207 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Pediatrics, Anti-Addiction Drug Therapy, Psychological intervention, lcsh:Medicine, Comorbidity, Logistic regression, Infographics, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient Admission, Antibiotics, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, APACHE II, Pharmaceutics, Antimicrobials, 1. No poverty, Drugs, Middle Aged, Charts, Hospitals, Patient Discharge, 3. Good health, Intensive Care Units, Ill-Housed Persons, Female, Research Article, Neurological Drug Therapy, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Computer and Information Sciences, Cardiology, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Drug Therapy, Nicotine Replacement Therapy, Diagnostic Medicine, Intensive care, Internal medicine, Microbial Control, medicine, Humans, Medical prescription, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Pharmacology, business.industry, Data Visualization, lcsh:R, Glasgow Coma Scale, Biology and Life Sciences, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Retrospective cohort study, Length of Stay, Nicotine replacement therapy, Health Care, Health Care Facilities, lcsh:Q, business

الوصف: Background Little is known about homeless patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Objectives To compare clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of homeless to non-homeless patients admitted to four ICUs in a large inner-city academic hospital. Methods 63 randomly-selected homeless compared to 63 age-, sex-, and admitting-ICU-matched non-homeless patients. Results Compared to matched non-homeless, homeless patients (average age 48±12 years, 90% male, 87% admitted by ambulance, 56% mechanically ventilated, average APACHE II 17) had similar comorbidities and illness severity except for increased alcohol (70% vs 17%,p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9b3d2e4cee6082edbf242f3b20ccac23Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5467852Test