Co-evolution between an endosymbiont and its nematode host: Wolbachia asymmetric posterior localization and AP polarity establishment
| العنوان: | Co-evolution between an endosymbiont and its nematode host: Wolbachia asymmetric posterior localization and AP polarity establishment |
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| المؤلفون: | Michelle L. Michalski, Barton E. Slatko, Jeremy M. Foster, Frédéric Landmann, William J. Sullivan |
| المصدر: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e3096 (2014) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| بيانات النشر: | Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2014. |
| سنة النشر: | 2014 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Dynein, Brugia malayi, Mutualism, Microtubule, Molecular Motors, Cell polarity, parasitic diseases, Animals, Symbiosis, Caenorhabditis elegans, Centrosome, biology, Ecology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cell Polarity, Dyneins, Biology and Life Sciences, Microtubule organizing center, lcsh:RA1-1270, Cell Biology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Species Interactions, Infectious Diseases, Fertilization, Oocytes, bacteria, Wolbachia, Parasitology, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Microtubule-Organizing Center, Research Article, Developmental Biology |
| الوصف: | While bacterial symbionts influence a variety of host cellular responses throughout development, there are no documented instances in which symbionts influence early embryogenesis. Here we demonstrate that Wolbachia, an obligate endosymbiont of the parasitic filarial nematodes, is required for proper anterior-posterior polarity establishment in the filarial nematode B. malayi. Characterization of pre- and post-fertilization events in B. malayi reveals that, unlike C. elegans, the centrosomes are maternally derived and produce a cortical-based microtubule organizing center prior to fertilization. We establish that Wolbachia rely on these cortical microtubules and dynein to concentrate at the posterior cortex. Wolbachia also rely on PAR-1 and PAR-3 polarity cues for normal concentration at the posterior cortex. Finally, we demonstrate that Wolbachia depletion results in distinct anterior-posterior polarity defects. These results provide a striking example of endosymbiont-host co-evolution operating on the core initial developmental event of axis determination. Author Summary Filarial nematodes are responsible for a number of neglected tropical diseases. The vast majority of these human parasites harbor the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. Wolbachia are essential for filarial nematode survival and reproduction, and thus are a promising anti-filarial drug target. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of Wolbachia-nematode interactions will facilitate the development of a new class of drugs that specifically disrupt these interactions. Here we focus on Wolbachia segregation patterns and interactions with the host cytoskeleton during early embryogenesis. Our studies indicate that centrosomes are maternally inherited in filarial nematodes resulting in a posterior microtubule-organizing center of maternal origin, unique to filarial nematodes. This microtubule-organizing center facilitates the concentration of Wolbachia at the posterior pole. We find that the microtubule motor dynein is required for the proper posterior Wolbachia localization. In addition, we demonstrate that Wolbachia rely on polarity signals in the egg for their preferential localization at the posterior pole. Conversely, Wolbachia are required for normal embryonic axis determination and Wolbachia removal leads to distinct anterior-posterior embryonic polarity defects. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a bacterial endosymbiont required for normal host embryogenesis. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1935-2735 1935-2727 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5a8ddf5dccc267f5186a51f26a6c6082Test http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4148215?pdf=renderTest |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....5a8ddf5dccc267f5186a51f26a6c6082 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 19352735 19352727 |
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