المؤلفون: Červená, Barbora¹ bara.cervena@gmail.com, Hrazdilová, Kristýna^2,3, Vallo, Peter^4,5, Pafčo, Barbora^1,3, Fenyková, Tereza¹, Petrželková, Klára Judita^4,6,7, Todd, Angelique⁸, Tagg, Nikki⁹, Wangue, Nadege¹⁰, Hoppe, Estevam G. Lux¹¹, Duarte Moraes, Marcela Figuerêdo¹¹, Lapera, Ivan Moura¹¹, De Souza Pollo, Andressa¹¹, Alexandre De Albuquerque, Ana Cláudia^3,12, Modrý, David^1,3,6

المصدر: Parasitology Research. Apr2018, Vol. 117 Issue 4, p1013-1024. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PHYLOGENETIC models, *SEDIMENTATION analysis, *BLASTOMERES, *NUCLEIC acid isolation methods, PARASITE physiology

مستخلص: Four species of Mammomonogamus are known from large African herbivores. A recent study demonstrated that a single Mammomonogamus species was shared by both western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in Central African Republic, suggesting lower species diversity than previously described in literature. We examined more than 500 fecal samples collected from sympatric African forest elephants, western lowland gorillas, and African forest buffaloes (Syncerus caffer nanus) at four study sites across Central Africa and examined them by coproscopic methods to detect Mammomonogamus eggs, whichwere found at three of the study sites. Subsequently, sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and cox1 amplified from individual eggs were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA revealed two clades: one formed by sequences originating from Gabonese buffaloes and the other comprising gorillas and elephants. The gorilla-elephant clade was further differentiated depending on the locality.We show the existence of at least two distinct species of Mammomonogamus, M. loxodontis in elephants and gorillas and M. nasicola in buffaloes. The available information on Mammomonogamus in African herbivores is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Lövy, Alena, Smirnov, Margarita, Brekhman, Vera, Ofek, Tamir, Lotan, Tamar

المصدر: Parasitology Research; Feb2018, Vol. 117 Issue 2, p491-499, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MYXOSPOREA, TILAPIA, RIBOSOMAL DNA, PARASITE physiology, DISEASES

مصطلحات جغرافية: ISRAEL

مستخلص: Myxosporean infections can cause severe damage to commercially grown tilapia. Here, we report a novel myxosporean that was found in gills of Oreochromis aureus male × Oreochromis niloticus female, which is an important aquaculture tilapia hybrid in Israel. Three-month-old fish were found to have cysts located in gill muscle tissue, which were filled with both immature and mature spores. Affected fish displayed higher mortality rate. Spore dimensions (10.8 ± 0.7 μm length × 6.8 ± 0.6 μm width) and molecular characterization using 18S ribosomal DNA revealed that the unknown parasite belongs in the Myxobolus clade. Based on the infection site, spore morphology and molecular characterization, we describe this parasite as Myxobolus bejeranoi n. sp. (MF401455). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the new species is most closely related to two Myxobolus spp. from O. niloticus in Egypt and Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Saad, Abeer, Ashour, Dalia, Abou Rayia, Dina, Bedeer, Asmaa

المصدر: Parasitology Research; Jun2016, Vol. 115 Issue 6, p2331-2339, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TRICHINOSIS, HELMINTHIASIS, ACETAZOLAMIDE, PARASITE physiology, CARBONIC anhydrase inhibitors

مستخلص: Trichinellosis is a globally distributed helminthic infection. There is a considerable interest in developing new anti-helminthic drugs affecting all the developmental stages of Trichinella. Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor) involves a novel mechanism of action by inhibiting such an essential enzyme for parasite metabolism. This work aimed to study the effect of acetazolamide against different stages of T. spiralis in experimental animals. Mice were divided into three groups: group I: infected and treated with acetazolamide on day 2 post infection (P.I.), group II: infected and treated with acetazolamide on day 12 P.I., and group III: infected non-treated. From each group, small intestine and muscles were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Also, total adult and muscle larval count were estimated. We found that acetazolamide was effective in reduction of both adult and muscle larval counts. When given early, the effect was more pronounced on the adults (62.7 %). However, the efficacy of the drug against muscle larvae was increased when given late (63 %). Improvement of the intestinal histopathological changes was observed in all the treated groups. Degeneration of encysted larvae with minimal pathologic changes of infected skeletal muscle was observed in the treated groups. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 showed a statistically significant decrease in the intestinal and muscle tissues in all treated groups as compared to the control group. In conclusion, the present study revealed that acetazolamide, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, could be a promising drug against both adults and larvae of T. spiralis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Parasitology Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Hu, Qiping, Xie, Huiqiong, Zhu, Shuyu, Liao, Dejun, Zhan, Tingzheng, Liu, Dengyu

المصدر: Parasitology Research; Sep2015, Vol. 114 Issue 9, p3459-3468, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CARBOHYDRATE metabolism, SCHISTOSOMA japonicum, PARASITE physiology, ENZYME kinetics, MOLECULAR cloning, GENE expression

مستخلص: Carbohydrate metabolism is the most important physiological process for Schistosoma japonicum which resides in host. However, as a key glycolytic enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, fructose-1,6- bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA), there is no study on its enzymatic kinetics and antigenic peptides. Here, we report the gene cloning, expression, purification, and kinetics of the FBPA from S. japonicum ( sjFBPA). After cloning, sjFBPA gene was introduced into pET-28a and transformed BL21, and a soluble His- sjFBPA was expressed and purified successfully at the expected molecular mass of ~45 kDa. We first reported that the diversities in IGS regions and the features of residues position 346 and 357-362 of sjFBPA may be conferred either through conformational changes influencing easily the active site from a distance and/or causing the C-terminal region to interact directly with the active site, which lead His- sjFBPA to exhibit a higher specific activity of 197.43 units/mg and degrades FBP with a typical substrate inhibition model and a higher efficiency of k = 6261.3/s and K = 0.061 μM than human aldolases, which might be the strategy that S. japonicum gaining energy and surviving in its environment with low concentration of carbohydrate, and benefitting to get more metabolic substances for parasites in nutrition competition with their host. sjFBPA exhibits a high similarity of 81.46 % with that of hosts, especially in antigenic peptide regions, and 14 of 15 antigenic peptides of sjFBPA were conserved to those of human aldolase A, B, and/or C with high identity (17, 16, or 16 antigenic peptides, respectively), which may result in a molecular mimicry of FBPA with that of host, and an immune evasion from their hosts. This work would supply an experimental base for using FBPA to prevent the schistosomiasis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Parasitology Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Q. Li, R. Lin, P. Martín-Atance, J. Granados, P. Díez-Baños, J. Pérez, X. Zhu

المصدر: Parasitology Research; Jun2008, Vol. 103 Issue 1, p181-186, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: GENETIC markers, FASCIOLA hepatica, GENE amplification, PARASITE physiology

مستخلص: Abstract  A collection of 483 samples representing Fasciola from six naturally infected host species and 16 localities in Spain, previously identified morphologically and genetically as Fasciola hepatica, was characterized by a novel genetic marker, namely sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), aiming to reveal genetic variability within F. hepatica in Spain. Visualization of amplification fragments was carried out on 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gels, followed by staining with 0.1% AgNO3 solution. Ten SRAP primer combinations were tested—six of them turned out to be polymorphic. Thirty-four representative F. hepatica samples from six host species and 16 geographical localities showed polymorphic banding patterns using SRAP primer combinations and were grouped into four major clusters using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages, indicating the existence of genetic variability within the examined F. hepatica samples. These four clusters were not related to particular host species and/or geographical origins of the samples. The results of the present study revealed that SRAP markers were useful in revealing sufficient polymorphism in F. hepatica samples from Spain and had implications for studying the population genetic structure of the Spanish F. hepatica. To our knowledge, this is the first application of SRAP marker to study genetic variation in parasites of human and animal health significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Parasitology Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)